英汉句式对比与翻译

1、会计学1英汉句式对比与翻译英汉句式对比与翻译One Quotation：学者范仲英说过：学者范仲英说过：“一般来说，英语长句较多，而且一般来说，英语长句较多，而且结构比较复杂，往往从句里含有从句，短语中又有短结构比较复杂，往往从句里含有从句，短语中又有短语。宛如一棵大树，有树干，有树杈，有树枝。语。宛如一棵大树，有树干，有树杈，有树枝。”“汉语句子一般简洁明快，很少长句。恰似一根春竹汉语句子一般简洁明快，很少长句。恰似一根春竹，一节之后又生一节，中间掐断无伤大雅。，一节之后又生一节，中间掐断无伤大雅。”Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and att

2、ributesTrunk line: S + V + (O)n城。n六月二十九日晚上，我们在得班登陆，那一天我终身难忘。n他总是对自己所讲的笑话发出长时间的、响亮的笑声，这个习惯别人都感到讨厌。有一天，木匠开车接我们去他家，路上所谈，尽是木匠的事，深得其乐明珠广播电视塔n我用这把刀切肉。这把刀我用来切肉。切肉我用这把刀。 the Russian people, the people of Russia, the people living in Russia, the people who live in Russia a pretty and clever girl a girl prett

3、y and clever a girl who is pretty and clever 短语短语:志同道合，友谊才会持久。Friendship will last only if it is based on a common goal.Only if friendship is based on a common goal, it will last.天下雨，运动会延期了。The sports meet was postponed because of rain.Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed.句子句子: 我们漫步街头，在中央大

4、道附近发现了一个很大的棚户区，有很多迹象表明茅棚里还住了人。 We saw many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts not far away from the Central Avenue. 我们看到很多住人的迹象，当漫步街头走过一个很大的棚户集中地，离中央大道不远。 我们漫步街头，在中央大道附近发现了一个很大的棚户区，有很多迹象表明茅棚里还住了人。 我们漫步街头，在中央大道附近发现了一个很大的棚户区，有很多迹象表明茅棚里还住了人。 We saw

5、 many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts not far away from the Central Avenue.注意汉语句子的时间空间顺序. 汉语（制竹）汉语（制竹） （语序相对固定）（语序相对固定）英语英语（积木）（积木）（语序相对灵活）（语序相对灵活）nor（我。，这时我看见。）n一般来说，状语从句首选放前，有时候后置也可以接受。就十分不便，写汉语的人会有后顾之忧。n翻译时只能另辟蹊径，译成各种不同类型的状语从句或索性写成两个句子。n后面

6、将有专门讲解。n冲破句子的极限来观察语言，看到话语结构这个层次上英汉语言的差异是译者不应忽视的。n只要放开眼界，把比句子大的语言单位看作一个一个的整体，就会发现这些较大的语言单位的结构也是受各自文化的制约的。n翻译中是否可以将一段中的最后一句放到最前面，或将几个句子的次序颠倒等，这些就涉及到语段篇章的安排，即汉语写作中常说的“谋篇布局”。n一般还是照原文的谋篇布局在翻译，小有变动，如是编辑翻译，那是另一回事儿了。是英汉两种语言在书写姓名地址时的差异。英语是从小到大，汉语则从大到小。翻译时如何排列叶值得探讨。n（但这些差异对翻译的意义并不太大）对这一套说法很不习惯，因此，虽然会写一个一个的英语句

7、子，但是英语的谋篇布局却得从头学起。n翻译中是否保留原文的布局特征，也值得探讨。n例子：凤凰卫视宣传词的翻译：客户实现广告效益的最大化。the best possible results for our clienteles. Of what contributes to where we are today, the empowering multi-dimensional media network we have to offer means that our business partners can build up public recognition amid festive o

8、bservances, we can make real-time press release possible as events unfold, live broadcasts can be made available to off-site audience and district-based events can be rebroadcast citywide.里！”没想到翻译竟直译成：“Where! Where！”一时外宾丈二和尚摸不着头脑，幸亏他头脑反应快，随口答道：“Everywhere!”nEg.2+ “哪里”连起说就是自谦，这是一般中国人都知道的，也常用。但初通汉语的外国

9、人W先生不理解。一次W先生参加一对年轻华侨的婚礼，他很有礼貌地赞美新娘漂亮。一旁的新郎立即代表新娘表示感谢，“哪里哪里”。W先生觉得挺不好意思的，以为未说到地方，便用生硬的中国话再说“头发、眉毛、眼睛、耳朵、鼻子、嘴都很漂亮！”介绍姓名，“头衔”后面追加补充说明，一大串的情况很少出现。英美人对自我介绍习以为常，经常来个 May I introduce myself ? Im- Hello . My name is -。对方也就立即报出姓名。即使在填写表格、面试等场合需问及姓名时一般也用 May I know your name ? 或 Your name , please ? 。一般不用 Wh

10、at s your name ? 那样的话，他们觉得像是被审问。的来个 Good morning /afternoon / evening 或morning 或直接用 Hello /Hi 就行了。或以谈论天气来打开话题。neg6.道谢在中国，很熟悉的人之间、亲人间是极少说“谢谢”的，说了倒觉得生疏。而英美人却经常说 Thank you . 。即使亲人，朋友，熟悉的人也不例外。西方人你我分得一清二楚，一丁点的小事，若觉得负了你，也来个Thank you .n5/ 我读到此处，在晶莹的泪光中，又看见那肥胖的，青布棉袍，黑布马褂的背影。唉！我不知何时再能与他相见！n6/ 我看见他戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑

11、布大马褂，深青色布棉袍，蹒跚地走到铁道边，慢慢探身下去，尚不大难。可是他穿过铁道，要爬上那边月台，就不容易了。n7/ 过铁道时，他先将橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。n8/ 这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。n9/ 近几年来父亲和我都是东奔西走，家中光景是一日不如一日。I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling about with some friends at their invitation, and was ferrying across the Yangtse River to Pu

12、kou the next morning and thence taking a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day. （42个单词 张培基译, ） A friend kept me in Nanjing for a day to see sights, and the next morning I was to cross the Yangtze to Pukou to take the afternoon train to the north.（32个单词,杨宪益和戴乃迭 译)We entered the railway s

13、tation after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage. (张)We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage. (杨)To think that he should now be so downcast in old age! The discouraging state of

14、affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him angry. (张)No one could have foreseen such a comedown in his old age! The thought of this naturally depressed him, and as he h

15、ad to vent his irritation somehow, he often lost his temper over trifles. (杨)before I depart this life.”(张)him again! (张)clambering up the other side. (杨)In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again. (张)He put these on the platform before climbing slowly down to cross the lines, which he did after picking the fruit up. (杨)In recent years, both