中考英语三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)(1)

1、【中考英语专项复习宾语从句】（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语， 或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词

2、 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don t know why theaintr is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否 ”。例如：I want to know if (whether

3、) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we ll have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果 主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。I don t

4、think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果 主句 的时态是一般过去时， 宾语从 句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：过去进He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that

5、 he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理 ，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.注意 ：运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议suggest 、advise、propose; 要求 demand 、desire、request；决定 decide; 命令 order 、command、require; 坚决主张

6、 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句， 用虚拟语气：（ should） +v （原形）Eg： I suggested that you（ should） study hardHe ordered that we (should )go out at once 【中考链接】1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy itB. where do you buy itC. where you bought itD. where did you buy it2. Excuse me .Could you tell m

7、e_ I can get to the Space Museum?-Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. whereB. howC. ifD. why3. Do you know _the new mobile phone last week?-Maybe 900 yuan. Inotm quite sure.A. how much she paid forB. how much will she pay forC. how much did she payfor4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again

8、in his life.And that s _ he succeeds .A. whatB. whenC. whyD. where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It s about _.A. how did Alice end the Red Queen s reign（恐of怖terror统治）B. what did Alice end the Red Queen s reign of terrorC. how Alice ended the Red Queen s reign of terrorD. what Alice end

9、ed the Red Queen s reign of terror6. Do you know _the girl in red is? I m not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. whenB. howC. whereD. what7. What did your parents thank about your decision?-They always let me do _I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what8. I want to know _.A. when we should arrive at the a

10、irportB. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive atD. when the airport should we arrive at9. -Would you please tell me _? -At 10:00 this evening.A. when will the train leaveB. when the train will leaveC. when does the train leave10. Could you tell me_?-Fill in this f

11、orm and I will give you a card.A. how I can meet CathyB. where I can meet CathyC. when I can meet Cathy11. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is? -I m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. how12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _?-Sorry, I have no idea.A.

12、will go; is fineB. goes; is fineC. will go; is going to be fineD. goes; will be fine13. No one can be sure_ in a million years.A. what man looks likeB. what will man look likeC. what man looked likeD. what man will look like14. Sue told me that she _ shopping with her sister the next day.A. will goB

13、. would goC. goesD. has gone15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _.A. how much it costB. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost16. -When do you think _?-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.A. he will comeB. will he comeC. did he comeD. he

14、came17. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risingD. rises18. -Listen! It is still noisy in the headteacher s office.-Go and see _ they have finished correcting the papers yet.A. thoughB. whetherC. unlessD. while19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I don t kn

15、ow _.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad20. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is? -I m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. how1-5 CBACC 6-10 DDABA11【解析】选 B 12【解析】选 A。结合题意 “汤姆，如果天气好的话，你知道弗兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗？”可知第一个空是

16、宾语从句，要用一般将来时，第二个空是条件状语从句，要用一般现在时，故排除B、C、D 三项，选13【解析】选 D。从语序方面先排除B，另结合时间状语in a million years 可知要用一般将来时，14【解析】选 B。结合主句中的told 和从句中的 the next day可知要用过去将来时，故排除A 、C、D 三项A 。15【解析】选C16【解析】选 A。问句是带有插入语do you think的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，先排除B、C 二项；另结合答句中的willpick him up 可知要用一般将来时，故舍D 选 A。17【解析】选 D。从句中所说 “太阳从东边升起 ”是客观事实，

17、所以不管主句用什么时态，从句总是用一般现在时，故正确答案为 D.18【解析】选 B。考查 whether 引导的宾语从句。结合题意“去看看他们是否已改完了试卷”19【解析】选 D20【解析】选 B。四个选项都可以引导宾语从句，结合答语为 B。题意为 “你知道那个戴眼镜的男人是做什么的吗？”“Maybe a reporter可.知”问句是在询问人的职业，故正确答案【中考英语专项复习状语从句】状语从句 用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句， 条件状语从句，原因状语从句， 结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.

18、时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as连词来引导。It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he fini

19、shed middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I ll ring you up as soon asIget to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He won t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless 引导。What shall we do if it snows tomor

20、row?Don t leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.H e won t be late unlesshe is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句 ” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the e

21、xam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as引导。 He didn t come to schoolbecause he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you can t answer the question, I ll ask someone else.(2)because 表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用because。 As 和since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as

22、和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。Why aren t going there?-Because I don t want to.As he has no car, he can t get there easily.Since we have no money, we can t buy it.(3)because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so that, such that, so 引that导。He is so poor that he can t buy a bike for his son.She is such a good

23、 teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so thatI couldn t see it.(2)so that 语 such.that 可以互换。在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so+形容词（副词）+ that + 从句 ”。例如： The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名

24、词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. （天花板）He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to s

25、ee it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wi

26、ld roses.He has so little time that he can t go to the cinema（去看电影）with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级+ than 等连词引导。Tom runs faster than John does.6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that （为了，以便）引导。We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work bette

27、r in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个： 1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。 2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. ( 目的状语从句Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从

28、句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though( 尽管，虽然）等连词引导。Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though) 不能用在同一个句子中。并且句子中不能再用but。我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或者：It was raining hard, but he

29、 stillwent out. （二者单独用，但是汉语翻译的时候，可以把but 的含义“但是”翻译出来）8. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where 来引导。例如：Where there is a will, there is a way.总结 ：状语从句分类及常用连词：类别连词时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, oncewhere, whereverbecause, since, as, for, now that（既然，由于）（一但）目的状语从句in order that( 为了

30、，以便 ), so that结果状语从句sothat, so that, suchthat, that条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever比较状语从句as as, so as, than方式状语从句as, as if, as though【中考链接】1. _ he s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. SinceC. For D. So2. -Do you know if h

31、e _ to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A. comes; isB. comes; will beC. will come; isD. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and can t swim, the dolphins may come up _ him.A. will fall; to helpB. falls; to helpC. will fall; helpD. falls; hel

32、ping4. I don t remember _ he worked in that city when he was young.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A. comesB. comeC. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green.A. not; beforeB. don

33、 t; whenC. not to; untilD. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A. whenB. thatC. until D. because8. I ll go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow.A. will beB. shall beC. amD. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make.A. careful;

34、 littleB. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. while11. I hurried _ I wouldn t be late for class.A. sinceB. so thatC. as ifD. unless12. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _ yo

35、u have any questions.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him.A. for B. so thatC. becauseD. in order14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot.A. becauseB. asC. ifD. since15. It is _ that we d like to go out for a walk.A. a lovely dayB. too lovel

36、y a dayC. so lovely a dayD. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.A. suchB. so C. tooD. very17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. AsD. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As1

37、9. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A. So long asB. In order thatC. No matter how20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing.A. will getB. getC. gettingD. GotD. The moment【中考英语专项复习定语从句】一、定语从句的概念在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词

38、包括that，which ， who（宾格 whom ，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词， 主句与从句不用逗号分开， 从句不可省去， 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人， 也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary lik

39、es music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 （ that 作主语）The coat （ that） I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：（ that 作宾语）The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（ which ）we saw last night was wo

40、nderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who ，whom 用于指人，whom ， 也可省略。例如：who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （ whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意 ：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词

41、前时，只能用“介词+which/whom ”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。（3） that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The c

42、ity that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which. 例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything ，anything ，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：Is there anything th

43、at you want to buy in the shop ？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被 the only， the very ， the same， the last， little ， few 等词修饰时， 只能用 that，而不用 which. 例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用 which. 例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能

44、清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which. 例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which ，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those 时，用 which ， 而不用 that.例如：What s that which is u

45、nder the desk ？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which ，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which ， 而不用 that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词 =介词 +关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which ( 介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . wh

46、ich ( 介词同先行词搭配)（1） when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。（2） where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。（3） why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。【中考链接】1.Nearly all the streets a

47、re in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those_ runfrom north to south are called avenues.A. running; thatB. run; whoC. running; whoD. run; that2.This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which3.Mr. Smith willpaya visitto Beijingthis autumn,_ we will enjoythe Olym

48、picGames in 2008.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. how4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask himD. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent,

49、Robin?Oh, that's easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _he can walk correctly and safely.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whose8. There

50、are several research centers inChina _ a certain disease called Bird Fluis beingstudied.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what9. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when10.The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in China svast countryside.A. asB. whenC. untilD. before11._ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. ItB