ving的用法实用教案

1、现在(xinzi)分词的分类 1. 一般式一般式 2. 完成完成(wn chng)式式 3. 一般式的被动一般式的被动式式 4. 完成完成(wn chng)式的被动式的被动式式 5. 一般式的否定一般式的否定式式 6. 完成完成(wn chng)式的否定式的否定式式A. being doneB. doingC. not doingD. having doneE. not having doneF. having been done第1页/共71页第一页，共72页。v-ing形式的基本(jbn)用法:动名词在句中起名词的作用，可做主语，宾语，表语和定语(dngy)。现在分词在句中可做定语(dng

2、y)，状语，表语和宾语补足语。第2页/共71页第二页，共72页。 V-ing形式表示的动作与谓语(wiy)动词的动作同时发生或发生在谓语(wiy)动词动作之后，用其一般式；v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动作之前发生，用其完成式。例如：What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.He was praised for having saved a boys life.第3页/共71页第三页，共72页。在语态上，v-ing的主动式表示主动意义，被动式表示被动意义。如：He

3、insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持(jinch)要把她送到医院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.他坚持(jinch)要被派到乡下工作。第4页/共71页第四页，共72页。1）直接用动名词做主语(zhy)。Collecting stamps is his hobby.2)用it 做形式主语(zhy)，真正的主语(zhy)动名词短语放在后面。常用于下列句式：It is no use/ no good/ useless/ worthwhile/ dangerous/ a waste

4、of time/ fun 等后需用动名词做真正的主语(zhy)。Its no use waiting for him any longer.Its a waste of time arguing about it.一.v-ing做主语，谓语(wiy)动词用单数动词。第5页/共71页第五页，共72页。3)当句型“There is no”表示“不允许，禁止(jnzh)某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词做主语。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。第6页/共71页第六页，共72页。1)作及物动词的宾语。部分动词后面只能跟动名词，而不能跟不定式

5、作宾语。避免错过少延期: avoid , miss, postpone建议完成多练习: advise, finish, practise喜欢想象禁不住: enjoy, imagine, cant help承认否认与嫉妒：admit, deny, envy逃避冒险莫原谅(yunling)：escape, risk, excuse忍受保持不介意：stand, keep, mind二. 做宾语(bny)第7页/共71页第七页，共72页。2）下列(xili)动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。 insist on, object to, be good at , be fond of, lead to

6、 , put off, give up , look forward to , feel like, devote to , get used to , pay attention to , be worth等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。I feel like going to the movie this evening.第8页/共71页第八页，共72页。注意：当动名词短语作宾语，后面(hu mian)又有宾语补足语时， 常用it 做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语动名词短语放在后面(hu mian)。She found

7、it useless arguing with him.Do you consider it any good trying again ?你觉得再试试会有好处吗？第9页/共71页第九页，共72页。3）在动词start , begin, continue等可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语(bny)，两者意义区别不大。They continued working / to work as if nothing had happened.4)在love , hate, prefer , like 等动词后接动名词作宾语(bny)指经常性的动作，而接不定式做宾语(bny)指具体的动作。He prefer

8、red staying in the house when it rained.(用动名词作宾语(bny)，指每逢下雨就留在家）I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.(动词不定式作宾语(bny)，指今天下午留在家这一具体动作）第10页/共71页第十页，共72页。5)有些(yuxi)动词或词组后跟v-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。stop to do sth.stop doing sth.mean to do sth.mean doing try to do sth.try doing sth.停下来去做某事停止或不做某事想要(xin yo)做某

9、事意味着做某事努力/企图做某事试着做某事（看会发生什么）第11页/共71页第十一页，共72页。be afraid to do sthbe afraid of doing sth.remember doing sth.remember to do sth.forget doing sth.forget to do sthregret doing sthregret to do sth不敢做某事害怕(hip)发生记得做了某事记得要去做某事忘记曾做了某事忘记要去做某事后悔做了某事遗憾要去做第12页/共71页第十二页，共72页。 go on doing go on to do cant help do

10、ing cant help to do继续做同一件事继续做另外(ln wi)一件事情不自禁地去做某事不能帮助做某事第13页/共71页第十三页，共72页。6）.在allow , advise, forbid , permit 等词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词(dic)作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。即：allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit + doing或：allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit + sb. to doWe dont allow smoking here.We dont al

11、low students to smoke.第14页/共71页第十四页，共72页。7） should / would like / love 等后必须用不定式。Id like to have a cup of tea.8）下列动词可接v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动(bidng)意义，相当于不定式的被动(bidng)形式。need/ want/require/ deserve doing= need / want / require / deserve to be doneThe bike needs repairing / to be repaired.第15页/共71页第十五页，共72页。

12、Exercises He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 2. It is no good _ all the time. A. complaining B. to complain C. complained D. complain第16页/共71页第十六页，共72页。3. I regret _ that Im too busy _ in the talk.

13、A. to say, to participate B. saying , participating C. to say, participating D. saying , to participate4. She has been used to _abroad. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living第17页/共71页第十七页，共72页。5. Have you ever dreamed of _ so good a chance for further education ? A. there is B. there to be C. there b

14、eing D. there will be6. The novel is well worth_ but _ the students have read it. A. to be read, not all B. to be read, all not C. reading , not all D. reading, all not第18页/共71页第十八页，共72页。7. I have to go to work on foot , for my bile needs _. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. being repaired第19页/

15、共71页第十九页，共72页。8) I dont mind _ by bus, but I hate _ in queues.A) to travel.standing B) having traveled.standingC) traveling.to stand D) traveling.standing9)What about _ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go_ next week.A) buying.to shop B) buy.shoppingC) buying.shopping D)

16、to buy.shopping第20页/共71页第二十页，共72页。10) We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _ where it was.A) in finding.knowing B) finding.to knowC) to find.knowing D) to find.to know11)We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.A) she succeeding B) her succeedingC)

17、 she succeed D) her to succeed第21页/共71页第二十一页，共72页。动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般(ybn)的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词）Our task is building socialism. （动名词）The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）第22页/共71页第二十二页，共72页。全析提示：（1）动名词作表语时，主语和表语可以互换，句子意思(y s)不变。（2）现在分词作表语时

18、，主语和表语不能互换。现在分词前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very, rather等。His hobby is playing football.My job is teaching English.The news is (very )exciting.She was very pleasing in her appearance.第23页/共71页第二十三页，共72页。第24页/共71页第二十四页，共72页。第25页/共71页第二十五页，共72页。现在分词(fn c)短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a room facin

19、g the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 第26页/共71页第二十六页，共72页。 3. 现在分词短语也可以用作非限制(xinzh)定语，相当于一个非限制(xinzh)性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His b

20、rother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 第27页/共71页第二十七页，共72页。1，动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示一个正在(zhngzi)进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。例如：我看见他正在(zhngzi)上楼。 I saw him going upstairs. 我们看着她在过大街。 We watched her crossing the street. 我们听见她在房间里唱歌。 We heard her singing in her room。第28页/共71页第二十八页，共72页。 2. 能用-i

21、ng形式作宾语补足(b z)语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. I didnt notice him waiting.第29页/共71页第二十九页，共72页。2) 表示(biosh)指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等

22、。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 第30页/共71页第三十页，共72页。3). see, hear, feel, watch等动词(dngc)之后用-ing形式和动词(dngc)不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classroom and

23、 saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验） 前者表示动作(dngzu)正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作(dngzu)从开始到结束的全过程。如:第31页/共71页第三十一页，共72页。 We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式(xngsh)则表示反复动作。如：

24、 We heard the door slam. We heard the door slamming. (反复(fnf)动作)(一次动作(dngzu)第32页/共71页第三十二页，共72页。 While watching television, _. A. the doorbell ran B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings2.The question _ at present has something important to do with our dail

25、y life.A. to be discussing B. to discussC. been discussed D. being discussed第33页/共71页第三十三页，共72页。3.China is a _ country _ to the third world.A. developed; belongs B. developing, belongingC. developing; belongs D. developed; belonged4.-Who is the man _to the teacher？ -A model worker _ our school. A. t

26、alks，visits B. is talking ;is visiting C. talking; visiting D. talking; visited第34页/共71页第三十四页，共72页。5. It is said that the missing students were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 6. The policewoman looked around and caught a young man _ his hand into the pocke

27、t of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 第35页/共71页第三十五页，共72页。7. Every teacher said Mike was a _ boy when in school. A. promised B. promising C. to promise D. promise 8. Mr. White, _ of the _ TV play, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D.

28、tiring; boring 第36页/共71页第三十六页，共72页。9. When the girl got back home from work she saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 第37页/共71页第三十七页，共72页。 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须(bx)是句子的主语。但要注意它的各种形式变化： 主动(zhdng)形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V

29、-ed having been V-ed 一般(ybn)式完成式 六 现在分词作状语第38页/共71页第三十八页，共72页。Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造地 这栋楼房(lufng)室我们地 新图书馆（being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Having done the work, he went h

30、ome. 完成(wn chng)了工作，他就回家了。第39页/共71页第三十九页，共72页。现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语(wiy)动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。第40页/共71页第四十页，共72页。1V-ing作时间状语，其动作与主句谓语动词(dngc)所表示的动作同时发生，或先于谓语动词(dngc)的动作。 Hearing the good news, they jumped with joy. Having taught the new words, the teacher went o

31、n to explain the text. V-ing前可带连词when, while, whenever，强调 前后动作的同时性。例如： When taking medicine, follow the direction on the bottle carefully. 服药时，严格按照药瓶上的说明。 第41页/共71页第四十一页，共72页。2V-ing作原因(yunyn)状语，前不带连词。 Living far away from school, he was often late. Having lived in the country for years, he knew how

32、to plant vegetables. 下列几种情况下，V-ing短语一般为原因(yunyn)状语。1)由系动词be及某些连系动词组成的V-ing短语。 Being kind and knowledgeable, the new teacher soon became popular among the students. Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.)第42页/共71页第四十二页，共72页。2）V-ing的否定形式(xngsh)。 Not knowing his telep

33、hone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.由于我不知道他的电话号码，无法与他取得联系。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 由于未收到回信，他决定再写封信。 第43页/共71页第四十三页，共72页。3) 含有(hn yu)“了解、意识到、忘记”等表心理状态的动词组成的V-ing短语。 Knowing English well, he translated the article without much difficulty. 他精通英语，因此毫不费力地翻译了那篇文章。

34、Thinking that there would be a traffic jam, I started earlier than usual. 想到会出现交通堵塞，因此我比往常动身早。 第44页/共71页第四十四页，共72页。3V-ing作状语，表行为方式和伴随情况时，其动作往往与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，相当于一个并列结构。作伴随状语的分词(fn c)表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。They stood there for an hour watching the game. (and wa

35、tched the game) The children rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking merrily.( and laughed and talked merrily) 第45页/共71页第四十五页，共72页。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) 他们(t men)笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom. 他斜靠(xi ko)(lean)着墙站着。 He stood

36、leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking第46页/共71页第四十六页，共72页。4V-ing作结果状语时，往往表示自然产生(chnshng)的结果；而不定式与only连用，则表示意料不到的结果。试比较： A bomb exploded at the hotel yesterday evening, killing seven people. 昨晚一颗炸弹在旅馆附近爆炸，致使七人丧生 。 It took me almost ten years to find her a

37、ddress, only to learn she had died two years before. 我花了将近十年的时间才找到她的住址，不料她早在两年前就去世了。 第47页/共71页第四十七页，共72页。5V-ing 作条件状语，注意(zh y)区分以祈使句开头表条件的句型。 Leaving it with me, Ill see what I can do. （V-ing作状语，表条件） Leave it with me and Ill see what I can do. （祈使句，表条件） 上述句子可改成：If you leave it with me, Ill see what

38、I can do. Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)第48页/共71页第四十八页，共72页。V-ing作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子(j zi)中的主语一致，误： While looking at the map, a police officer came up and asked if he could help us. (looking at的逻辑主语与a police officer不一致) 正：While we were looking at the m

39、ap, a police officer came up and asked if he could help us. 注意事项第49页/共71页第四十九页，共72页。但少数几个V-ing短语如judging from, generally speaking, considering, talking of在句中作评注性状语时，用以说明(shumng)说话人的态度、观点，看法等，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。例如： Judging from her accent, she must be from Northeast of China. Generally speaking, parents

40、 care about their childrens health than for their own. Considering his old age, he was fit for the heavy job. 第50页/共71页第五十页，共72页。分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子(j zi)的主语一致。如果与句子(j zi)主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词+ 分词/ 不定式/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语/ 名词此结构在句中起方式，原因，时间，条件等状语或状语从句的作用。Miss Gao falling

41、ill, Mr. Wang took her class instead. （表原因）It being Sunday , I didnt go to school.（原因）第51页/共71页第五十一页，共72页。I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head（时间）我等汽车(qch)时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. （原因）所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another

42、two exercises.（条件） 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。第52页/共71页第五十二页，共72页。practice第53页/共71页第五十三页，共72页。“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran B解析(ji x)：答案B。running away在此作shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一动作。第54页/共71页第五十四页，共72页。2. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B

43、. to have caused C. to cause D. having causedD解析：答案D。题意：暴雨过去(guq)了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。第55页/共71页第五十五页，共72页。3. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. to wait B. have waited C. having waited D. to have waitedC解析：答案(

44、d n)C。此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized之前。第56页/共71页第五十六页，共72页。4. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. SufferedA解析：答案A。由already提示，分词动作发生(fshng)在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成式。第57页/共71页第五十七页，共72页。5. The secretary worked all night

45、long, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingB解析：答案B。非谓语动词充当伴随(bn su)状语，与主语the secretary是主动关系，因此用形式。第58页/共71页第五十八页，共72页。 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen fro

46、m the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句(dnj)改错第59页/共71页第五十九页，共72页。5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before enter

47、ing, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking第60页/共71页第六十页，共72页。1.They set out _ for the _ boy.searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing2. The student sat there, _ what to do.doesnt knowin

48、g B. didnt knowing A. C. not know D. not knowingBD现在分词(fn c)的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)第61页/共71页第六十一页，共72页。3.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. having added B. to add C .added D. adding)4._ the poem a second time, the meaning will b

49、ecome clearer to you. Your having read B. while reading C. If reading D. when you read第62页/共71页第六十二页，共72页。5.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A .makes B. to make C. made D. making6.She asked me to help her, _ that she couldnt make the heavy suitca

50、se alone. only to realize B. realizing C. realized D. having been realized 第63页/共71页第六十三页，共72页。7._ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Check B. To check C. Having checked D. If you check 8.He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A .hoped B. hoping C. to

51、hope D. hope第64页/共71页第六十四页，共72页。9.While building a tunnel through the mountain, _. A .an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground D. the workers discovered an underground lake第65页/共71页第六十五页，共72页。10._ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine where he goes. A. Suffered B. Having suffered C. Being suffered D. Suffering11. _ late in t