2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题20-直接引语和间接引语(含答案)

1、专题二十直接引语和间接引语重难点分析引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人原句，这叫直接引语，要用引号；另一种是用自己的 话来转述别人话，且不能用引号，这是间接引语。一、直接引语和间接引语的区别直接引语直接引述别人的话，用双引号 (“ ”)间接引语转述别人的话，不用双引号、直接引语改为间接引语时，如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律:在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforelast weekthe week be

2、foretomorrowthe next daynext yearthe next yeartwo days agotwo days before地点状语herethere动词时态(以work为例)一般现在时(work)一般过去时(worked)现在进行时(is/are working)过去进行时(was/were working)现在完成时(have/has worked)过去元成时(had worked)一般过去时(worked)过去元成时(had worked)过去元成时(had worked)(不变)(had worked)一般将来时(will work)过去将来时(would wor

3、k)动词变化can/maycould/mightmusthad tocomegobringtake三、各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化句型变化要领例句陈述句连接词用that,在口语中可省略She said, “He will be busy. She said that he would be busy.一般疑问句连接词用if或whether ,改为陈述语序She said to Tom, Can you help me?"fShe asked Tom if/whether he could help her.特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词， 改为陈述语序The tea

4、cher asked, How did you repair it?” fThe teacher asked me how I had repaired it.祈使句用动词+宾语+不定式”结构The mother said, Tom, get up early, please.” fThe mother asked Tom to get up early.四、直接引语变间接引语时，几种不变的特殊情况小艾的情况例句直接引语是客观真理或谚（习）语The teacher said, The earth goes around the sun.” fThe teacher said that the

5、earth goes around the sun.被引述的部分是反复出现的、习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在He said, We are still students.”fHe said they are still students.引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变He said to me, I was born in 1998.”一 He told me that he was born in 1998.引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都/、变She said, He demanded that

6、 the girl leave at once.” fShe said he demanded that the girl leave at once.引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态的形式不变She says, “ll never forget the moment.”fShe says that she 】l never forget the moment.五、其他注意事项1 .直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell, ask, order, beg等。如:"Don' t make any noiSshe said to the children

7、. f She told/ordered the children not to make any noise.2 .直接引语如果是以Let's开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用 suggest+动名词（或从句）。如：He said, Let s go to the library." -He suggested going to the library.考点练透一、完成句子 用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1. My father said, Practice makes perfect.”fMy father said practice perfect.2.

8、The boy said to us, “Usually get up at six every day.”fThe boy told us he usually at six every day.3. The engineer said, “ Was at college in 1997.”fThe engineer said he at college in 1997.4. My uncle said, “ sowed my carrot seed yesterday.”fMy uncle said carrot seed.5. The farmers said, We picked th

9、ese cabbages three days ago.”fThe farmers said that cabbages.6. He asked me, What's the weather going to be like tomorrow? "fHe asked me the weather to be like.7. The teacher said to us, Light travels much faster than sound.”fThe teacher light.8. She said to me, I have left my fork in your

10、room.”f She that fork in.9. He said, “will come here tonight.”fHe said that.10. Did you plant rice last week? ” he said to us.fHe planted rice.11. Are you ready, children?” asked Mrs. Li.-Mrs. Li asked ready.12. Where is your brother ploughing now? ” he asked.fHe asked brother ploughing.13. She said

11、, How many times do you harvest crops every year, Mike?" fShe asked how many times crops every year.14. Can I borrow this book of yours, Miss Gao? ” asked the boy.fThe boy asked Miss Gao borrow of.15. How long did it take you to remove the weeds? ” he asked the farmers.fHe asked the farmers how

12、 long the weeds.16. Please have a rest： the farmer said to us.一 The farmer a rest.17. One of the students said, Let me go on with the farm work, Uncle Wang.”fOne of the students Uncle Wang with the farm work.18. Don't take off your blouse, “ Lily said to Lucy.fLily asked Lucy blouse.19. She said

13、, “ Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”f She said that in five minutes.20. “You have finished the homework, haven' t you? ” my mother asked.fMy mother asked me the homework.、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dad was always full of advice. One of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer w

14、as about having 1 strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed lawns during the summer 2 (earn) pocket money.Every time we went to work, my dad was there to watch. I used to wonder 3 he came with us. One day we were cutting our neighbor 'yard. He always waited until the gra

15、ss was knee-high to call us over. That afternoon, I was finishing the work and was 4 (tire). I was just about to turn off the mower 5I saw Dad pointing to some grass. I thought about how little I was getting paid for cutting grass so high that it almost broke the mower. I ignored him and kept walkin

16、g. Dad called me 6 (loud), “ You missed a piece.I frowned, 7 (hope) he would go home. He kept pointing. So worn and discouraged, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, “Thatone piece isn 'hu rting anyone. Why won' the just let 8 go?Other neighbors took notice of the good w

17、ork that we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five.The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me: be 9 (profession). Give your customers the kind of service you would like to receive. It shows how sincere you are and how much pride yo

18、u take10 yourwork.助读词汇frown vi.皱眉client n.客户mow vt.修剪work ethic职业道德lawn n.草地；草坪call sb. over叫某人过来三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，用心体会其用法。Nowadays a growing number of teenagers are online for at least 6 hours a day, continuously using the chatting-rooms or tirelessly playing games. Worried

19、 parents choose to send their children to so-called “ Salvation Training Camp ".I am strongly against the measures some Salvation Training Camps take to treat the web addicts. Firstly, restriction of personal freedom doesn ' t help them to build their self-confidence. Secondly, physical pun

20、ishments may make the problem more serious.In my opinion, proper guidance is the best way to cure web addicts . On one hand , they should be guided to use the internet in a healthy way rather than be strictly prohibited from going online. On the other hand , we should try our best to encourage them

21、to distract their attention from the web by instructing them to do some more meaningful things in their spare time. Only by doing this can we cure them thoroughly and effectively参考答案考点练透一、完成句子1. makes 2. gets up 3. was4. that he had sowed his; the day before5. they had picked those; three days before6. what; was going; the next day7. told us; travels much faster than sound8. told me; she had lef