浙江专用2022版高考英语一轮复习模块一第2讲形容词副词和比较等级学案含解析新人教版

1、word 文档- 1 - / 12 第 2 讲形容词、副词和比较等级. 语法填空1. (2020 全国卷 )the beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds( 蓓蕾 ) make fantastic decorations. 2. (2019 某某高考 ) no one wants to live an extremely (extreme) long life with a lot of chronic diseases. 3. (2018 全国卷 )according to a review of evi

2、dence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than non-runners. 4. (2018 全国卷 )he screams the loudest(loud) of all. . 完成句子1. (2020 某某高考 )according to professor johnson, we don t have to read the book if we dont want to, as it is optional(可选择的 ). 2. (2020 某某高考 )the outbreak of cov

3、id-19 has meant an abrupt change(突然的变化)in our life and work. 3. (2020 全国卷 )today i tried cooking a simple dish (一道简单的菜 )myself. 4. (2020 全国卷 )see you soon(待会儿见 ). 1. (2019 全国卷 )i stopped the ball and kicked it hard (狠狠地踢 )back to the playground. 2. (2019 全国卷 )i became interested in(变得对感兴趣 ) playing

4、football thanks to a small accident. word 文档- 2 - / 12 3. (2018 全国卷 ) immediately(立刻 ), i raised my hand. 4. (2018 某某高考 )most of us observed much more(多) as children than we do as adults. 语法填空五谨记1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。3. 看到与than连用 , 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4. 看到and, or, bu

5、t等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间 )或最高级 (三者及以上 )。形容词和副词的句法功能1. 形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。i have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. (作定语 ) i know he is too optimistic but i dont want to depress him. ( 作表语 ) the room was found very dirty. (作主语补

6、足语 ) optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful. (作宾语补足语) worried about the journey, i was unsettled for the first few days. (作状语 ) 【点津】word 文档- 3 - / 12 (1)通常只作表语的形容词: 以“ a- ”开头的形容词: afraid害怕的 , alone孤单的 , alive 活着的 , alike 相似的 , ashamed羞愧的 , awake醒着的 ; content, worth, ill( 有病的 , 不舒服的 ), sur

7、e, liable, well 等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词: possible, impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2. 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. (作状语) the tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (

8、作表语 ) unfortunately, i was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. (作状语 ) 【点津】(1)有些副词并不修饰动词, 而是修饰整个句子, 表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有: 表递进besides, further, then, moreover等表结果therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus 等表转折though, instead, otherwise, however等表等同similarly, equally等表对比rather, oppositely等表概括a

9、ltogether, generally等表列举first(ly), second(ly), finally等表同位namely等word 文档- 4 - / 12 表时间meanwhile, sometimes, occasionally等表特指particularly, especially等(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同, 另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly 。 这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。形容词和副词的相互转化1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成。主要变化规律: 转换方法例词一般情况 , 在形容词词尾直接加-ly real really; helpful

10、helpfully 以辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词要变y为 i, 然后再加 -ly busy busily; angry angrily; easy easily 以-le 结尾 , 去 e 直接加 y terrible terribly; gentle gently 元音字母 +e 结尾 , 先去掉 e, 然后再加-ly true truly 以 ll 结尾的词只加 y full fully 以 ic 结尾的词automatic automatically word 文档- 5 - / 12 加 ally energetic energetically 2. 在英语中 , 有些词既可以作形容词

11、, 又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如 early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, well 等。it brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. (形容词 ) in a few seconds she was wide awake. (副词 ) 【点津】 下列单词以 -ly 结尾 , 但却是形容词而非副词: lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1. 比

12、较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词, 在原级后加 -er, -est 构成 , 如 hard harder hardest 。其他特殊变化见下表: 特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e 结尾加-r 和-st brave braver bravest 以 “辅音字母+y ”结尾变 y 为 i, 再加 -er 和-est happy happier happiest 以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母 , 再加-er 和-est hot hotter hottest word 文档- 6 - / 12 多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词, 在原级前加more, most构成。act

13、ive more active most active happily more happily most happily 【点津】 少数双音节词及以-er 或-le 结尾的词 , 可以有两种比较级和最高级形式mon moner/more mon monest/most mon 表示“最高程度” 的形容词 , 如 excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite等, 没有最高级 , 也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式good/well better best far farther/further farthest/furthest bad/ill/badly wors

14、e worst 2. 比较等级的用法(1)基本用法两者相比 , 表示“和一样” , 用“ as+ 原级 +as ”表示。he worked as fast as a qualified technician. 【点津】 在同级比较中, 若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词, 其语序为 : as+ adj. +a(n)+n. +as 。john is as clever a boy as you wish to meet. 两者相比 , 表示“不如” , 用“ not as/so+原级 +as ”。it is not so expensive as you might expect. 两者相比 , 表示

15、“比更” , 用“比较级 +than ”; 表示“不比更” , 用“ not+ 比较级+than ”。word 文档- 7 - / 12 the process of learning and developing is more important than the oute. her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teachers. 【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义, 其后面用to 而不用 than 。如 : superior to(优于 , 高于 ); inferior to (次于 ); senior to

16、 (年长于 , 地位高于 ); junior to(地位低于 ); prior to (早于 , 较重要于 )。三个或三个以上的人或事物比较, 表示最高程度时, 用“ the+ 最高级 + 比较 x 围”。her sons are the most important thing in her life. (2)特殊用法“比较级 +and+比较级”表示“越来越”。learning bees more and more difficult as we get older. “ the+ 比较级 , the+ 比较级”表示“越, 就越”。the harder we work, the more p

17、rogress we will make. “ more+原级 +than ”表示“与其说不如说”。she looks more asleep than clever. “ more than+主语 +can+谓语”表示“非所能; 不能”。the beauty of the place is more than i can describe. “否定词 + 比较级”表示肯定的最高级i couldnt agree with you any more. 表示倍数的三个常用句型a. . . . 倍数 +as+ 原级 +as. . . the new building is three times a

18、s high as the old one. b. . . . 倍数 + 比较级 +than. . . word 文档- 8 - / 12 the new building is twice higher than the old one. c. . . . 倍数 +the size/length/width/height, etc. +of. . . the new building is three times the height of the old one. our classroom is three times as large as theirs. =our classroom

19、 is twice larger than theirs. =our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 3. 比较级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。the theme of the play stood out even more clearly after it was revised. (2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by n

20、o means, not really以及序数词等。i would say that intellect is by far the most important factor. 常用的分词形容词和副词-ed 形容词和 -ing 形容词的区别: -ed 形容词 , 通常说明人 , 意为“ (某人 )感到”; -ing形容词通常说明事物, 意为“ (某事物 )令人”或“令人的 (事物 )”。这样成对的形容词有: interested/interesting; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; surprised/surprising; pleas

21、ed/pleasing; moved/moving; disappointed/disappointing等。the wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing. we will be pleased to answer any questions you may have. word 文档- 9 - / 12 【点津】原则上 , -ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人, 若修饰事物 , 则多为look ( 表情 ), air( 神态), appearance(外貌 ), cry( 哭声 ), face( 表情 ), voice( 声音 ),

22、 mood(情绪 )等显示某人的情感状况的名词。roger just looked up at him with a surprised look. a hand helped me out of the tree, and a frightened voice asked me if i was badly hurt. 小题快练. 单句语法填空(2020 某某高考 )farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. (201

23、9 某某高考 )school uniforms are traditional (tradition) in britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. (2018 某某高考 )eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up. (2018 全国卷 )running is cheap, easy and its always energetic (energy). (2018 某某高考 )

24、there could be an even higher (high) cost on your health. obviously(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. the more support you win from others, the faster (fast) you will move toward your goal. i was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that

25、was more convenient (convenient) than others. word 文档- 10 - / 12 . 完成句子(2019 全国卷 )one was that i was amazed at the fact (对这个事实感到惊讶)that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. (2020 全国卷 )im sure(我肯定 ) you ll have a good time. over the past few decades, we have developed an amazin

26、g network of public transportation. besides/in addition(此外 ; 并且 ), we have decided to make efforts to make it much better. like most grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peaceful music(宁静的音乐 ) reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young. but i think wed better have more outdoor act

27、ivities. as students, we usually sit too long in the classroom(在教室里坐的时间太长), and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. the fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty(多汁可口 ). mom said, “how nice to see you again! dad and i were terribly worried(是非常担心的 ). ”. 语法填空different countries have wildly

28、different forms of greeting. in the usa, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. but in latin countries, a firm handshake 1. _ (consider) rude. in my home country, mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2. _

29、the cheeks. this is also mon word 文档- 11 - / 12 in france, 3. _ the act is called faire la bise. however, this is not 4. _ universal rule. during my first week in the usa, i kissed every single girl i met. my friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5. _(leave) me in great embarrassment.

30、what is mon here, however, is for friends 6. _(hug) each other something i was not used to. hugs always make me 7. _(frighten) because i dont really like that. this may seem strange since even kissing 8. _(stranger) is normal in my country. now that i think about it, i hate cheek-kissing as well. wo

31、uldn t it be 9. _(enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10. _(wide) acceptable? im not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 1. 【解析】 is considered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词 consider是被动关系 , 此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实, 与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。2. 【解析】 on 。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊, 在脸上用介词on, 故填 on 。3. 【解析】 where 。考查定语从句。先行词是france, 在定语从句中作地点状语, 用关系副词 where引导 , 故填 where 。4. 【解析】 a。 考查冠词。 句中 rule 是可数名词单数形式, 此处表示一种普遍的规则, universal发音以辅音音素开头, 故填 a。5. 【解析】 leaving 。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词, 此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave 是主动关系 , 用动词 -ing