黄烨1中考英语名词复习

1、 名名 词词 一、中考考查重点一、中考考查重点1. 可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词2. 名词的单数与复数名词的单数与复数(B)3. 名词所有格名词所有格(B)4.专有名词的常见的缩写形式（专有名词的常见的缩写形式（A) 名词 专有名词（如：Tom、China、 the United States,January,Monday) 可数名词普通名词物质名词(如： water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察)不可数名名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。

2、他抽象概念名称的名词。 cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees stomach-stomaches house-houses exercise-exercises 可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式规则变化规则变化A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-SB.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 结尾的名词在其后加-esbus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes class-classesC.（1）以辅音字母以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词需把结尾的名词需把y 变为变为i再加再加-es storystories

3、babybabies countrycountries partyparties （2）以元音字母以元音字母+ y结尾的名词在后面直接加结尾的名词在后面直接加-s daydays boy- boys toy-toysE.（1）以元音字母）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以结尾的名词，以及某些以 o结结尾尾 的的 外来词，变为复数时只加外来词，变为复数时只加-S radioradios zoo-zoos bamboo-bamboos D.以以-f 或或-fe结尾的可数名词结尾的可数名词,先将先将 f 或或fe 变成变成 v 再加再加-es shelf-shelves lifelives kni

4、fe-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves特殊特殊:roof-roofs（2）以辅音字母）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数结尾的名词变为复数+es, potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes 但但pianopianos,photo-photos除外除外. 不规则变化不规则变化1. 特殊变化：特殊变化：2. 单复同形单复同形 manmen gentlemangentlemen policemanpolicemen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth mousemice child ch

5、ildrensheep sheep fish fish /fishes deer deer Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese3. 表示表示“某国人某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况的名词，其变化有三种情况 a. a Japanese five Japanese ( e.g Chinese )b. a Frenchman two Frenchmen ( e.g Englishman Englishwoman fisherman policeman Frenchwoman )c. a German five Germans ( e.g Russian America

6、n Indian Italian Korean )4. 常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词集体名词集体名词：trousers glasses clothes people police 口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面加后面5.5. 复合名词的复数形式复合名词的复数形式a. 将主体名词变为复数将主体名词变为复数e.g a boy studentboy students a flower shopflower shops a dining room dining rooms banana tree banana trees shoe factory sh

7、oe factoriesb. 当名词的第一个构成部分为当名词的第一个构成部分为man或或woman时，时，将将2个构成部分均变为复数个构成部分均变为复数e.g a woman teacher two women teachers a man nurse two men nurses不可数名词常见的不可数名词.drink-coffe,milk,tea2.food-rice,bread,meatporridge,tofu,3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter4.weather-rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,pap

8、er,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice物质名词(如： water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福) 通过通过改变量词形式改变量词形式的的方法来方法来表示不可数名词的量表示不可数名词的量 a bottle of milk-two b

9、ottles of milk a piece of meat-three pieces of meat表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,a lot of , much, a little , little, lots of,enough,plenty of巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一块冰 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）半公斤鸡肉 （6）许多瓶牛奶 不可数名词没有复数形式既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的： 不可数名词不可数名词 可数名词可数名词 paper 纸 a paper glass 玻璃 a glass iron 铁 a iro

10、n room 空间 a room chicken 鸡肉 a chicken beauty 美 a beauty一张报纸一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个熨斗一个房间一个房间一只小鸡一只小鸡一个美人一个美人 专有名词专有名词：1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day

11、中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节)5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP 名词的所有格名词的所有格 单数的名词所有格单数的名词所有格 Mikes bag the boys knife2.在在词尾有词尾有-S的复数名词的复数名词所有格所有格,只在

12、词尾加只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数同读音与名词变复数同 the students books the teachers office 3.不规则名词不规则名词复数复数的所有格的所有格,即词尾不是以即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词结尾的单词,在词后在词后 加加s , 如如: Womens Day mens clothes shop4.如果事物为如果事物为 2人或人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s; 珍妮和海伦的房间珍妮和海伦的房间 Jenny and Helens roomJennys and Helens rooms5.如果事物不是如果事物不是 2人或人或

13、2人共同所有，而是分别有的人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在则在 2个名词个名词 后都加后都加-s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间珍妮的房间和海伦的房间1.有生命的东西有生命的东西所有格用所有格用s 的形式的形式8. 无生命的东西无生命的东西一般用一般用“ of +名词名词”的形式表示其所有格的形式表示其所有格the door of the room the wall of the park6. 有些表示有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的命的东西东西，也可以加也可以加 -s 构成所有格构成所有格 2小时路程小时路程 北京最好的公园北京最好的公园 今日报纸

14、今日报纸 车站休息室车站休息室two hours walkBeijings best parktodays newspaper the stations waiting-room at my uncles = at my uncles home at a tailors = at a tailors shop9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格 a silk hat cotton clotha coffee cup7. 表示某人的表示某人的家、店铺、诊所家、店铺、诊所时，常时，常省略省略所有格所有格 后面的后面的名词名词 my teachers office

15、students exercise books Childrens Palace todays newspaper15 minutes walk = a 15-minute walk at the butchers = at the butchers shop to Toms = to Toms house 1 我老师的办公室我老师的办公室2 学生们学生们 的练习本的练习本3 少年宫少年宫4 今天的报纸今天的报纸5 十五分钟的路程十五分钟的路程6 在肉店在肉店7 到汤姆家去到汤姆家去名词的所有格名词的所有格 Practice 8 广东的省会广东的省会9 教室的门教室的门10 我父亲的一个朋友我

16、父亲的一个朋友11 他的两个兄弟他的两个兄弟12 爱迪生的一些发明爱迪生的一些发明13 他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片(照照片属于他弟弟片属于他弟弟)14 他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片(照照片里的人是他弟弟片里的人是他弟弟)the capital of Guangdongthe doors of the classrooma friend of my father (s)two brothers of hissome inventions of Edisons a picture of his brothers a picture of his brother主谓一致主谓一致1. 1.

17、当当class, family, team, group, public class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class e.g The class areare waiting for her. waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ are film

18、fans Toms family _ are film fans. . is are2.news, maths2.news, maths, politics , politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.g The news e.g The news makes makes her very happy.her very happy. Maths Maths _ not easy for him. _ not easy for him. is3 3. . 像像 chopsticks, shoes, glasses, chopsticks, shoes, glas

19、ses, trousers trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.g The shoes e.g The shoes are are hers.hers. 但是但是: : A pair ofA pair of glasses _ on the table. glasses _ on the table. Two pairs ofTwo pairs of glasses _ on the table.glasses _ on the table. is are4. police, people(4. police, people(人们人们), you

20、th(), youth(青年们青年们) ) 只有单数形式，只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.g The police e.g The police areare gathering in the street. gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace. The Chinese people _ peace. love但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分 e.g He e.g He is is a youth of 20.a youth of 20. Man

21、y English-speaking people Many English-speaking peoples s _ this book._ this book. like5. 5. 像像deerdeer、sheepsheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据等单复同形的词，动词单复根据 具体情况定具体情况定e.g A deer is over there in the field. e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field. A group of deer _ over the

22、re in the field. areare6.6. The poet and musician _ at the party. The poet and musician _ at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. The bread and the butter _ ready. Bread and butter Bread and butter _ her usual breakf

23、ast. _ her usual breakfast. 涂了黄油的面包涂了黄油的面包 was has are is8. Both 8. Both and and 的谓语动词用复数形式。的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. Both he and his father _ there.e.g. Both he and his father _ there. were7. 7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：采取就近一致原则的句型结构： There be There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk.e.g. There _ a book

24、and two apples on the desk. not onlybut alsonot onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ right.e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong.e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right. e.g Neither she nor I _ right. is is a

25、m am9.9. 表示时间、距离表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的、金额、度量、书名、国名等的 复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you .e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay. Ten dollars _ too much to pay. is is 10. each + 10. each + 单数名词单数名词 + and + each + + and + each +

26、单数名词单数名词 every +every +单数名词单数名词 + and +every + + and +every + 单数名词单数名词 no +no +单数名词单数名词 + and + no + + and + no + 单数名词单数名词 each of + each of + 复数名词复数名词 one of + one of + 复数名词复数名词many a + many a + 单数名词单数名词every / each +every / each +单数名词单数名词+ and + + and + 单数名词单数名词 等结构做主语时，动词用单数。等结构做主语时，动词用单数。 e.g.e.

27、g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. No teacher and no student No teacher and no student _ come yet._ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the students _ a dictionary. Each of the s

28、tudents _ a dictionary. hashas has has( ) 1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _ 800 metre race yesterday. Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys . ( ) 4. Some _ came to our s

29、chool for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs DDBAC选择填空：选择填空：( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _. A. brothersB. brothersC. brothers D. brother ( )7.They write mo

30、st of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters ( ) 8. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used ( ) 9. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes

31、 D. two pairs shoes( ) 10.Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms BBDAA 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州）杭州） Aminutes

32、Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004长春）长春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A

33、A B1.完成复习导引完成复习导引P10-11. 2.复习一下导引中的语法点复习一下导引中的语法点P8-9和教与学和教与学P74. 3.听写以听写以-b开头的单词开头的单词. 指点迷津指点迷津1. 1. Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.2. 2. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.3. 3. The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000.2,000.4. 4. The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming here.here.5.