2020届高考英语二轮复习任务型阅读(七选五)解题技巧及典例剖析

1、2020 届高考英语二轮复习任务型阅读（七选五）解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】1. 主旨句浏览其他段落标题，观察其表达阅读整段内容，提炼主题思想，阅读选项寻找体现主题思想的原词、同义词、近义词或同根词根据段落一致性原则， 查 找同义词、 近义词或同根 词，推断主题句典例 1（2016 ·全国）Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening method

2、s that require less water and fewer fertilizers（ 肥料） .38.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to gar-den. One of them comes from our earliest years. ·Recall（ 回忆） your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Gran

3、dma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable gar-den.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It's our experience of the garden that mattersD. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You ca

4、n produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 解题思路 本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“ Recall回（ 忆） your childhood memories ”一致，故在 A 项和 B 项之间选择。再根据本段倒数第二句“ However, there are a number of other reasons that might explainwhy you w

5、ant to gar-den." 可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。【答案】：A典例 2（2017 ·全国）In order to make a change, you need to decidewhy it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have break-fast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your re

6、asons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make .· Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to. .A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working,

7、 keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 解题思路 B。本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题 Reconsider morning 一致，故在 A 、 B 、 F 和 G 之间选择。 再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告 诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到

8、正确的动机，因此本空选答案】：B2. 过渡句段落内 部过渡 句阅读空格前后内容， 挖掘内在逻辑关系， 注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的 信号词(this/that/these/those/such/it.) 和核心词汇的重复，同时注意该段主题 句段落间 过渡句阅读上一段的结尾和下一段的内容， 注意衔接词和体现 逻辑关系的信号词( next, also, in addition, however.)典例 1（2016·全国 I 片段）One is the establishment（ 制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production

9、; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. The third relates to the establishment of standards ofwork in all departments .E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two ma

10、in aspects.解题思路 根据上下文所提到的 one 和下文所得到的 the third 可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条， 与 E 项 The second aspect. 吻合。【答案】：E表示并列关系的词有： first（ly）,second（ly）, ；first,then/next,.;in the first place, in the second place.;for one thing, for another（thing）,.;to begin with, to conclude 等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能 是个并列的句子。典例 2（

11、2015·北京片段）First, understand that some opportunities（ 机会） for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. and if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in

12、another task-preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.A. Having interesting things to think about also helpsD. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.解题思路 选项 A 中的 also helps 与空格前面句子中的 help 相对应， 且两句话的主语形式统一，

13、 都说的是 “做白日 梦 ”的条件 。【答案】：A 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有： too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but.,not only.but also 等。典例 3（2014·辽宁片段）·Protect against UV rays（ 紫外线） .Long-term stay in the sun creates ri

14、sk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.C. They can properly protect your eyes.D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.解题思路 空白处前面的句子 “No matter what the season is,it's ex-tremely important to wear sunglasses." 意为 “无论 是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其

15、重要的 ”，属于总结概括句。选项 C 意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛 ”， 本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。【答案】： 此题属例证关系，故选 C 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子 到观点）和演练（从观点到例子） 。典例 4（2013 ·全国片段）Get a coach, so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and course

16、s, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.A. You aren't like anybody elsetraining and courses. 也可知”开头说的与 public speaking 有关。【答案】：故选 E表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, thus, consequently( 结果) ,as a result(of),so/such.that.,so that. 等。3. 段尾句段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注

17、意在选项中 查找出表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude , in a word , in brief , in conclusion 等。承接上下文类：此类题目直接承接上下文，并非是概括或总结 性语句，解题时要根据与上下文的逻辑关系来确定答案。典例 1(2015·北京片段)It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really ne

18、ed to concentrate."Mindfulness", being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep . E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite un-like sleep dreams, which may be

19、hard to understand. 解题思路 (1)本题为段尾空，属段落总结概括句，需要关注本段前面的内容。mindfulness 这一概念，(2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要，前一句提出 并用同位语 being focused 做出解释。第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案【答案】： E 项中的 it 指代前一句的 mindfulness, 且 attentive 与前文的 concentrate, being focused, avoid falling a-sleep 语义一致。典例 2（2017·洛阳高三二模）There is no doubt tha

20、t analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data don't mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the

21、 knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.A . Thus we should try our best to be wise thinkers .B. Data can make our life easier and more comfortable.C. But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything.D. Sometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data.E. N

22、ow and then the so-called specific data puzzle us very much.F. The exact data should come from assessment of an actual event .G. There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data.解题思路 本题设空在段尾， 空格前的一句论述内容是 “如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与 否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义 ”。所得出的结论就是 “因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者 ”

23、， 结合线索词 Thus 可知正确答案。【答案】：A典例 3（2014·北京片段）Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relev

24、ant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin

25、e whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.A . Make choice that are right for you .G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.解题思路 本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何 对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格

26、起承上启下的作用。【答案】：此题属承上启下类，故选 G4.通用技能 除每个题型有自身特殊的解题技巧外，在阅读七选五中还有两种通法，根据考题活用这两种方法能够 准确判定答案。 词汇复现法 复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个 概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/近义词、反义词复现等。典例 1（2015·全国 I 片段） If you've been betrayed, you are the victim ofyour circumstance . But there's a differ

27、ence between being a victim and living with a "victim mentality". At some point in all of !our lives , we'll have our trust tested or violated .C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.解题思路 由空格后面的内容可以看出，本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项 C 中的关键词语 “vi

28、ctim 与” 本段主旨相吻合， “victim 一”词在本段中反复出现，属于原词复现，且选项C 是对本段的概括总结。【答案】：C 代词线索法 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，名词短语或句子概念，巧 妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子； they 或 them 指代复数名词； one 指代单数可数名词； that 指代不可数名词或句子； this 指代单数名词或句子； these 或 those 指代前句的复数名词。典例 2（2016 ·全国片段）But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn