2019年北京市中考英语试题(含解析)

1、英语试卷姓名准考证号考场号座位号考生须知1.本试卷共10 页，共五道大题，39 道小题，满分60 分，考试时问90 分钟。2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2b 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用 (共 1 4 分) 一、单项填空(共 6 分，每小题0.5 分) 从下面各题所给的a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。答案： 15 bcadc 1. mr. wang is coming to our scho

2、ol. i can t wait to see .a. her b. himc. it d. them 解析： mr. wang 表示“王先生” ，指男性，故用him 。2. we planted some flowersthe garden yesterday. a. on b. to c. ind. of 解析：指在花园里，介词用in。3. excuse me, is this t-shirt? it s 88 yuan.a. how muchb. how many c. how long d. how old 解析： ：由答句可知， 问句问的是价钱，故用 how much 。how ma

3、ny 询问数量， 修饰可数名词复数；how long 询问长度； how old 询问年龄。4. lily, _ you finish the letter in ten minutes? yes, i can. a. must b. should c. need d. can解析：由答句中的“i can ”可知，此处是问你能在10 分钟之内完成这封信吗，故用can。5. this cap is nice,it doesn t look good on me.a. for b. so c. butd. or 解析：句意：这个帽子很漂亮，但我戴着它不好看。空格前后内容之间存在转折关系，故用but

4、 。答案： 610 badda 6. julie takes good care of the family dog. she is than her brother. a.patient b.more patientc.most patient d.the most patient 解析：由句子中的“than her brother”可推知，此处要用patient 比较级。7. samwith his friends every weekend. a. skates b. is skating c. has skated d. was skating 解析：由时间状语“every weeke

5、nd ”可推知，句子要用一般现在时。8. tom, what s your dad doing? he my bike. a. repairs b. willrepair c. has repaired d. is repairing解析：问句句意：汤姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由问句可知，答句要用现在进行时。9. our school life a lot since 2017. we have more activities now. a. changes b. changed c. willchange d. haschanged解析：由句子中的时间状语“since 2017”可推知，句子要用

6、现在完成时。10. if you want to visit the palace museum, itickets for you tomorrow. a. will bookb. booked c. have booked d. was booking 解析：在if 引导的条件句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。答案： 1112 cb 11. my advice on how to save paperby my class last monday. a. accepts b. accepted c. was acceptedd. is accepted 解析：由句子中的时间状语“l

7、ast monday ”可推知，句子要用一般过去时。12. did you noticein her office? yes. she was going over our writing. a. what was miss lin doing b. what miss lin was doingc. what does miss lin do d. what miss lin does 解析：由答句可推知，问句要用过去进行时；又由空格处的内容在句子中作notice 的宾语，如果宾语时句子，则要用陈序语序，故选b。二、完形填空(共 8 分，每小题1 分) 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文

8、后各题所给的a、 b、c、d 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。run for class president two months ago, when our class election( 选举 ) started, i decided to run for class president. i enjoyed speaking in publicand got along well with people, so i felt it easy to win. but i was 13 that people would feel bad for me if i lost. i was busy

9、preparing in the following week. my plan wasn tto make promises to do things i couldnt14 but to show myclass why i wanted to be president. i put up my posters in hallways and in theclassroom. i also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that i was the onethey could turn to whenever they had a

10、problem. since i was 15 prepared, ifelt that my chances ofwinning were strong. however, when i gave my speech on election day, the response( 反应 ) wasn twhat i had _16 . few people actually listened. when it was my opponent s(对手的 )turn, everyone was screaming his name. his speech was short, but all t

11、o the point.by then, i realized i should have made mine shorter and clearer. it was obvious who would 17 . for the rest of the day, i felt like it wasover. i wanted to just go home and cry, but i made it through. my 18 was right: i didn t win.the next day, people were still talking about the electio

12、n. i just pretended(假装 ) not to hear. but later, things got better. people 19 about the election andtalked to me just as they did before. i don t regret putting time and energy into the election because i ve learnedthat things aren t always going the way i expect. and moments of failure like thisbui

13、ld 20 since then i ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger. 答案： 1315 bca 13. a. bored b. afraidc. excited d. hopeful解析：结合语境及短文倒数第二段可推知，此处指 “我”害怕选举失败后，人们对我的感觉会不好。14. a. compare b. remember c. managed. repeat 解析：结合空格前后的内容可推知，此处指“我”不会去承诺我不能完成的事。compare 意为“比较” ，remember 意为“记住”，manage 意为“完成（

14、困难的事） ；勉力完成”，repeat 意为“重复” 。15. a. fully b. quickly c. freshly d. physically 解析：结合上文内容可推知，“我”为这次选举做了充分的准备。fully 意为“充分地” ，quickly 意为“讯速地” ，freshly 意为“刚刚；新近” ，physically 意为“身体上” 。答案： 1620 ddbac 16. a. feared b. faced c. mentioned d. pictured解析：结合第二段“我”的准备以及下文人们对“我”和“我”的对手演讲的不同表现可推知，（人们）的反应并不是我曾经想象的那样。

15、fear 意为“害怕”，face 意为“面对”，mention 意为“提到”，picture 意为“想象；设想” 。17. a. insist b. return c. wait d. win解析：结合第三段人们对 “我”和 “我”的对手演讲的不同表现以及下文中的“i wanted to just go home and cry, but i made it through.”可推知，此处指谁将会赢（得选举）是很明显的。18. a. suggestion b. predictionc. direction d. introduction 解析： 结合第四段内容以及下文“i didn t win

16、 ”可推知， 此处指 “我” 的预测是正确的，我没有赢。suggestion 意为“建议”， prediction意为“预测”，direction 意为“方向”，introduction意为“介绍”。19. a. forgotb. wrote c. cared d. discussed 解析：结合下文“talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此处指人们似乎已经忘记了选举的事儿了。20. a. trust b. pride c. characterd. support 解析：结合下文“since then ive learned to face disa

17、ppointment and grown stronger ”可推知，此处指像这样的失败时刻培养了我的性格。trust 意为“信任” ，pride 意为“骄傲”，character 意为“性格” ， support 意为“支持” 。阅读理解 (共 36 分) 三、阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容， 从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d 四个选项中， 选择最佳选项。(共 26 分，每小题2分 ) a experiencing china mike, canada i spent three months with my host family( 接待家庭 ) in china. it was a lif

18、etime experience. i was able to experience chinese living and culture, from basic taichi to beijing opera. i even visited a famous traditional chinese medicinehospital. now i have a better understanding of chinese culture. joanna, australia i stayed with my host family for five months. my host mothe

19、r is a chineseteacher and she is really warm-hearted. with her help, my chinese hasimproved a lot. and i have got used to a new culture. my favorite part of theexperience was sharing my feelings in china with her. bill, america my host mother is a wonderful cook! she makes me all kinds of traditiona

20、lchinese dishes. they are tasty and i like them very much. just like me, my hostparents love to learn about different cultures. they often ask me questions aboutlife in america. cindy, germany recently i took part in a program to study chinese. i lived with a host family inchina for six months. my h

21、ost sister is a really hardworking student. it wasamazing to see how she made progress in english. and a close relationship hasdeveloped between us. 答案： 2123 acd 21. who visited a traditional chinese medicine hospital? a. mike.b. joanna. c. bill. d. cindy. 解析：由“ mike, canada ”部分的第四句可知答案。22.how long

22、did joanna stay with her host family in china? a. three months. b. four months. c. five months. d. six months. 解析：由“ joanna, australia”部分的第一句可知答案。23. cindy thinks her host sisters. a. a wonderful cook b. a responsible doctor c. a warm-hearted teacher d. a hardworking student 解析：由“ cindy, germany ”部分

23、的第三句可知答案。b blue lightning sally loved cars more than anything else. this springshe thought of building a go-kart to enter for the go-gorace. so she asked her dad for help. “ well, ” he said. “ how about this: you do someresearch first and then come back to me with a design.”a week later, sally broug

24、ht her notes and drawings to dad. she named hergo- kart “ blue lightning” . dad looked over her work, thinking. “ well, that sinteresting,” he said. “ have a try. just build blue lightning as you ve designed.”over three weekends of hard work, sally turned her design into a real,working go-kart and p

25、ainted it light blue. dad asked her to take it for a test drive.sally agreed. after she did that, sally drove back to dad. “ well, ” she said. “ now i knowwhy you wanted me to have a test drive.”“ oh, do you?” he said. “ please share.”“ when i drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “ i

26、think it s because of the lightning bolt (闪电 ) shape. ”“ very good!” dad said.“ so, why didn t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” sallyasked.dad laughed. “ where s the fun in that? if you give a man a fish, he ll eat for a day. but if you teach a man to fish, he ll eat for a lifetim

27、e.”sally said, “ i see. anyway, designing is half the fun !”dad smiled. “ good. sometimes, learning happens during the process. welearn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakesalong the way.”that encouraged sally and she worked even harder. when she showed dadher n

28、ew go-kart, he nodded with pride. finally came the race. sally wasn t worried about whether she would wininher mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before. 答案： 2426 bad 24. sally thought of building a go-kart to. a. practice driving b. enter for a race c. play with frien

29、ds d. do some research 解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。25. what did sally s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart? a. to have a test drive. b. to take a good rest. c. to give it a cool name. d. to paint it light blue. 解析：由第四段的第一、二句可知答案。26. sally s story mainly tells us that .a. winning a race is important b.

30、 fishing brings us a lot of fun c. driving experience is necessary d. learning happens during the process 解析：通读全文可推知，sally 在制作 go-kart 的过程中学到了很多东西，故选d。c sometimes it seems that time is flying. perhaps it doesn t need to feel this way.our experience of time can be possibly changed. by understanding t

31、he psychological( 心理学的 ) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little. one basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we re exposed(接触 ) to new environments and experiences. the law is caused by the relationship between our

32、 experience of time and the amount of information ourminds process. the more information our minds take in, the slower time seems topass. it follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in differentsituations. in some situations, our life is full of new experiences. our mindsprocess a l

33、ot of information and time seems to slow down. in other situations, wehave fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar( 熟悉的). we become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up. how can we slow down time? here

34、 are two suggestions. firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can exposeourselves to as many new experiences as possible. we can give ourselves newchallenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbiesand skills. this will increase the amount of info

35、rmation our minds process and expand(增加 ) our experience of time. secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to anexperience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. thismeans living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. for example, o

36、nthe way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking aboutthe problems you have to deal with. look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass,traveling among them. this open attitude to your experiences helps take in moreinformation and also has a time-expanding effect. to a ce

37、rtain degree, we can understand and control our experience of timepassing. it s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience oftime. 答案： 2729 bca 27. according to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by . a. going to bed on time b. traveling to new places c. having dinne

38、r as usual d. printing the same materials 解析：由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第一句可推知，我们可以通过去新的地方旅行来增加我们对时间的体验。28. what can we learn from the passage? a. being familiar with the world around helps us get more information. b. understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly. c. we can take in more informa

39、tion by living through our senses. d. we should build a stronger relationship between time and us. 解析：由第三段的后两句和第一段最后一句可推知，a、b 这两个选项与文意不符。通读全文可推知， d 项文中并未提及。由倒数第二段尤其是其最后一句可推知b 项正确。29. which of the following would be the best title for the passage? a. slow down time b. only time will tell c. race agai

40、nst time d. time will not comc twice 解析：通读全文可推知，文章主要是关于“让时间变慢”的。d how much can we afford to forget? in 2018, science magazine asked some young scientistswhat schools should teach students. most said students shouldspend less time memorizing facts and have more space forcreative activities. as the in

41、ternet grows more powerful, students can access(获得 ) knowledge easily. why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads? civilizations( 文明 ) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. in the agricultural(农业的) age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting

42、skills. when societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. it seems that we no longer need to remember most things. does it matter? researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. for one, hu

43、man beings have biases( 偏见 ), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective,but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. in theprocess, human beings still decide on the correct answers. anoth

44、er problem relates to the ease of accessing information. when there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go tothe library. we know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. but today, the internet gives us the information we

45、need quickly. this can lead to the mistaken belief the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along. in a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access tosmart memory networks where information is stored. but dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harme

46、d easily. the collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康 ) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. and it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a

47、dark age. we forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. as long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be foundwhen we need them, perhaps they re not really forgotten. still, as time goes on, wegradually but unquestionably become strangers to fut

48、ure people.答案： 3033 bcad 30. why are smart machines likely to increase our biases? a. because they go off course in testing and scoring. b. because we control the training process on them. c. because we offer them too much information. d. because they overuse the provided answers. 解析：由第二段后两句可推知，通过重复

49、的测试和挑选过程，智能机器被训练，而在这个过程当中，人类依然决定着什么会是正确答案，因此，当我们通过智能机器获取知识时，机受这些“由人类决定的正确答案”的影响，偏见就有可能会增多。31. the ease of accessing information from the internet. a. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills b. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed c. misleads us into thinking we already kne

50、w the knowledge d. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines 解析：由第四段后两句可推知，通过互联网知晓信息的便利会误导我们认为我们找到的信息就是我们一直以来都知道的信息的一部分。32.the word “collapse” in paragraph 5 probably means “”.a. a sudden failure b. the basic rule c. a disappointing start d. the gradual development 解析：结合画线词所在句以及其上

51、一句可推知，此处指我们健康所依靠的网络中的任何一个突然崩溃或垮掉了，都会产生很糟糕的后果。collapse 意为“崩溃；垮掉” 。33. what is the writer s main purpose in writing this passage? a. to question about the standards ofinformation storage. b. to discuss our problems of communication with machines. c. to stress the importance of improving our memorizing

52、 ability. d. to remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember. 解析：通读全文可知，作者主要讲的是用机器记信息可能会产生的不良影响或后果，故d 项符合题意。四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。(共 10 分，每小题2 分) huge waves destroying arctic ice faster than expected ice covers much of the arctic ocean( 北冰洋 ).some pieces of ice are huge, like moving island

53、s. as temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪 )in the arctic waters. the waves were discovered by accident in may, 2010. scientist alekseymarchenko and his students set out on a trip. they wanted to study the icy waters.

54、on may 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of hopen.marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto theice. “ we were ready to go but when i went out, i discovered many cracks(裂缝 ) around,” he remembers.he decided to move the ship

55、 deeper into the ice to keep safe. the farther inthey went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. as they pushed forward,however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. soon, the wavesbroke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces. within an hour, marchenko

56、 and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. the ship s navigation(航行 ) system finally recorded the largest waves. they were more than 20 feet in height. the waves were so strong that they forced hugepieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within justone hour

57、. scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. thewaves in these areas used to be small. the speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know inadvance when they are coming. that could be dangerous for navigators and localcommunities who are unprepared for

58、huge waves or depend on sea ice to protectthem. wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also indanger. some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icywaters. as waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves willget even s

59、tronger. there are stormy times ahead. 34. when did marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters? 35. why did marchenko and his students set out on the trip? 36. what did marchenko decide to do to keep safe? 37. how high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?

60、 38. what is paragraph 7 mainly about? 答案：34. in may, 2010. 解析：由第二段第一句可知答案。35. because they wanted to study the icy waters. 解析：由第二段最后一句可知答案。36. he moved the ship deeper into the ice. 解析：由第五段第一句可知答案。37. more than 20 feet. 解析：由第六段第二、三句可知答案。38. the damage of the huge waves to people and wildlife in arc