简明实用英语

1、第一单元 英语字母元音字母和辅音字母英语字母共有26个。其中A,E,I,O,U是元音字母，其余的是辅音字母，但字母Y有时也可作为元音字母。元音字母是组成单词的基本要素，因而英语单词中均有元音字母，而辅音字母不能单独构成单词。英语音素及读音规则英语的国际音标共有48个，它能帮助我们正确地朗读单词。按规定音标必须写在方括号 内，以示与英语字母的区别。下列为英语48个音素的分类表； 48个英语音标表 （20个元音+28个辅音）单元音(12个)短元音i u æ e长元音i: : : u: : 双元音(8个)ai ei i au u i e u 清浊成对的辅音（10对）清辅音p t k f s

2、 tr ts t 浊辅音b d g v ð z dr dz  d其他辅音（8个）h m n l r w ji lip tomato box u book cup æ apple i: tea : bird : ball u: food : car e eggai bike au cow i earei table u boat e beari boy u tourist p potato t tomato k cow f food thank ssea b bird d dog ggoose v van ð this zzootr tree ts cat

3、s shoes t trouserdr drive dz  beds pleasure d jobh hat m meat n nail wing l leg r rat w wall j yes元音字母在单词中的读音-开音节开音节有两种：a) 以元音字母结尾的音节，如：no my be he so,以及“元音字母+e (一般不读音)”结尾的音节，如：see hoe pie due.b) “一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+e(不读音)”结尾的音节，如：eve use name note life开音节读音规则：元音字母在开音节中一般读其字母名称音。元音字母在单词中的读音-闭音节

4、闭音节:以“一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母”街尾的音节叫闭音节，如: at end if on must闭音节读音规则：元音字母在闭音节中读所规定的的短元音,即AaEeIi (Yy)OoUuæei一个单词中的音节数一般是由元音字母及其组合的数量决定的，即单词中元音字母或字母组合有几个（不发音的结尾e除外），一般就有几个音节。如;student 为二个音节，teacher 为二个音节，chemistry为三个音节，technology 为四个音节，electricity 为五个音节。分类词汇一（Classified Glossaries I）各种类型船舶名称（Names for Va

5、rious Kinds of Ships）远洋船 ocean-going ship 内燃机船 motor vessel (M.V.) 蒸汽机船 steam ship (S.S.) 汽轮机船 turbine steamer 柴油机船 diesel engine ship 机动船 power- driven vessel 干货船 dry cargo ship 水果船 fruit carrier 肉类船 meat ship 冷藏船 refrigerator ship 谷物船 grain carrier 运木船 lumber/timber carrier 运煤船 collier 运粮船 grain c

6、arrier 矿砂船 ore carrier 牲口船 cattle ship 散货船 bulk carrier 集装箱船 container vessel 引水船 pilot boat 气象观测船 weather ship护航船 escorting vessel 实习船 training ship 海底钻探船 drill ship 海底电缆敷设船 cable ship 检疫船 quarantine ship 货船 freighter （定期）邮船 mail liner 不定期船 tramper 客船 passenger ship 油船 oil tanker 破冰船 ice-breaker 挖泥

7、船 dredger 救生艇 life boat 补给船 supply ship 消防船 fire boat 供水船 water boat 煤灰船 ash boat 垃圾船 garbage boat 油驳 oil barge 煤驳coal barge 拖轮 tug 木帆船 junk 气垫船 air cushion craft 艇筏 raft 军舰 war ship / man of war 巡洋艇 cruiser 航空母舰 aircraft carrier 登陆艇 landing craft 潜水艇 submarine 分类词汇二Classified Glossaries II）船员职务名称（N

8、ame for The Ranks of Ships Crew）甲板部(Deck Department)Captain(master) 船长Chief officer( chief mate, first mate) 大副Second officer(second mate) 二副Third officer(third mate) 三副Assistant officer 驾助 radio officer (radio operator) 报务员Bosun (boatswain) 水手长 carpenter 木匠 quartermaster 舵工Able seaman (A.B) 一水 ordi

9、nary seaman （O.S）二水轮机部（Engine Department）Chief engineer 轮机长 second engineer大管轮Third engineer 二管轮Fourth engineer 三管轮 assistant engineer 轮助Electrical engineer 电机员 No1 oiler 机工长（加油长）motorman 机工Oiler 加油(机工) cleaner (wiper) 清洁工 electrician 电工服务部（Stewards Department）Purser(chief steward) 管事 cock 厨师 chief

10、cock 大厨 steward 服务员Doctor 医生 second cock 二厨分类词汇三（Classified Glossaries iii）船舶结构名称（Name for the Structure of a ship）Stern 船尾 steering gear room 舵机室 deck house 甲板室Storeroom 储藏室 fore peak 前尖舱 NO.1 hold 1号舱Engine room 机舱 starboard 右舷 port 左舷 escape trunk 逃生口Funnel 烟囱 accommodation deck 起居甲板 rudder 舵练习按下

11、面顺序朗读26个字母A B D C F G H I J K L M N V W X Y O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z拼读下列音标【meik】 rein heist weiv reid led tel red west set miks hit zip rid wil i:v mi:t ri:l hi:p wi:v main taip vain saiz wain eik ift drai dres trai 熟练读出下列各名称的英文远洋船 ocean-going ship 内燃机船 motor vessel (M.V.) 蒸汽机船 steam ship (S.S.) 汽轮机船

12、 turbine steamer 柴油机船 diesel engine ship 机动船 power- driven vesselCaptain(master) 船长Chief officer( chief mate, first mate) 大副Second officer(second mate) 二副Third officer(third mate) 三副Chief engineer 轮机长 second engineer大管轮Third engineer 二管轮Fourth engineer 三管轮 assistant engineer 轮助会话Do you understand? Y

13、es. I do. No, I dont懂了吗？懂了。不懂Are you ready? Yes, We are. 准备好了吗？准备好了。Class is over. 下课了 Its time for lunch 午饭时间到了。第二单元 问候（Greeting）告别（farewell）本课学习重点：To greet somebody 问候别人 To farewell somebody 与人告别Useful Expressions1. 只要是朋友都能用的：Hows everything? How is your family? How is your work?Everything is good

14、. Quite well. Thank you. Just same as usual.Whats up? Im ok. Just so so Pretty good. Im very terrible. How are you?Fine ,thank you and you?2. 第一次见面：Nice to meet you. Glad to meet you.How do you do？3. 很久没见的朋友：Long time no see.4. 一般问候Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Good nightWelcome on aboard

15、 Welcome to Dalian 5再见常用说法 Goodbye see you later 一般用法 Take care See you soon So long (用于较熟的朋友)约定下次见面时间的用法 See you tomorrow (next week, on Monday, etc)Dialogues1) A: Hello, Mike.B: Hi， David. How are you?A: Fine, thanks. How are you?B：Oh, Just so so. 2）A: Ive come to say goodbye.B: when are you off ?

16、A: Im flying home in this afternoon.B: Well, goodbye. See you soon.A：Please dont forget to say goodbye to the rest of your family for me.练习1. 早上好，麦克。-您早。2. 工作怎么样？-还行。3. 家里好吗？-很好，谢谢。4. 等会见。5. 下个星期见。第三单元 Thanks and Apologies本科学习重点: Thanks 感谢 Apologies 道歉1） Thanks 感谢他人:Thank you Thank you very muchThan

17、k you for your help.I appreciate it very much 我非常感激Its very kind of you 你真好对他人感谢的回应:Youre welcome. 不用谢Its my pleasure.Dont mention it. 不用谢。别客气Not at all. 没什么Its nothing 没什么2） Apologies 向他人道歉:Sorry.Im sorry for troubling you 对不起麻烦你了Pardon me 对不起 请原谅Excuse me 对不起 Please forgive me 请原谅我Its my fault. 这是

18、我的错I must apologize. 我必须道歉对他人道歉的回应：Not at all. It doesnt matter. 没关系Its not your fault. 这不是你的错Never mind 不要紧 没关系Dont worry 别担心。Thats all right. 那没什么。Dialogues O- duty officer C-Captain A-agentO:This is our Captain. This our Agent. C: How do you do, Mr. Agent?A: How do you do, Captain?C: Im sorry to

19、keep you waiting.A: Its nothing.C: Sit down, please. Have a cigarette.A：Thanks。C：May I know your name?A: My name is Mike.C: Mr. Mike, have a cup of tea?A: How nice China tea! I like it very muchC: Mr. Mike, lunch is ready. Have lunch with us on board.A: No, thank you. I must be off now.Good bye!C: G

20、ood-bye!练习1. 非常感谢你的帮助2. 很高兴可以帮助你3. 请原谅我的错误-那不是你的错。4. 对不起，让你久等了。-没关系5. 对不起，稍等一会。6. John: Im sorry for troubling you.Mike:-A: Fine, thank you. B：Its nothing at all.C: Im a student.第四单元 数词（Numeral）基数词和序数词 （Cardinal Numerals and Ordinal Numerals）阿拉伯数字基数序数序数缩写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourf

21、ourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18th19nineteennineteenth19th20tw

22、entytwentieth20th30thirtythirtieth30th40fortyfortieth40th50fiftyfiftieth50th60sixtysixtieth60th70seventyseventieth70th80eightyeightieth80th90ninetyninetieth90th100a(one)hundredhundredth100th1,000a(one)thousandthousandth1,000th1,000,000a(one)millionmillionth1,000,000th100,000,000a(one)billionbilliont

23、h100,000,000th任何非整十位数的两位数，是由相应的整十位数加个位数构成，期间用连字号“-“例如：39 thirty-nine 54 fifty-four 72 seventy-two 86 eighty-six任何三位或三位以上的数字，是由相应的百位数和十位数间用连词and连接构成（也有不用and的情况）例如：491 four hundred and ninety-one.650 six hundred and fifty（或six hundred fifty）3,872 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.在三位或三位以上的数

24、字，hundred,thousand,million 等不用复数形式。多位序数词用将相应基数词的个位数变为序数词的方法构成。例如：第二十四 twenty-fourth第一百五十八 one hundred and fifty-eighth第六百九十二 six hundred and ninety-second第三千八百七十五 three thousand eight hundred and sevety-fifth序数词的缩写式，是在相应阿拉伯数字后面加上序数词最后两个字母。例如：1st , 2nd,3rd, 5th,21st,42nd,63rd,84th,197th 等其他数字等的表示法1分数

25、词分数词是由基数词和序数词一起构成，分子是用基数词，分母是用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。列如：1/2 one half 或者 one second2/3 two thirds 3/4 three fourths2 小数的读数3.764 读作 three point seven six four0.02 读作 zero point zero two98.052 读作 ninety-eight point zero five two3 百分数的读法82% 读作 eighty two per cent0.75% 读作 point seventy-five per cent4.其他D

26、egree minute second 100306” ten degree thirty minute six second练习读出下列数字49 59 68 324 896 3,456 1,234 34,678 391,4562,376,123写出下列的英文表达方式86% 76.4315048、17”7/9 三又四分之三Find the right numbers第五单元 时间和日期（Time and Dates）Expression of time 时间的表达方式Expression of dates 日期的表达方式1 Useful Expressions1) What time is i

27、t?8:00-Its eight oclock.8:05-Its five past eight. (Its eight five.)8:15-Its a quarter past eight.（Its eight fifteen.）8:30-Its half past eight. ( Its eight thirty.)8:45-Its fifteen to nine. (Its eight forty five.)2) What day is today?Today is Monday. Its Monday. (Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,

28、 Saturday, Sunday).3) Whats the date today?Today is June 1st. Its June 1st.Today is June 3rd. Its June 3rd.Today is June 14th. Its June 14th.4) What are the months in a year?They are January. （February, March, April, May, June, August, September, October, November, and December.）5) Whats the four se

29、asons in a year?They are spring, summer, autumn and winter.2. Dialogues1.A: Excuse me, What time is it?B:Its seven twenty.A：Have a cup of coffee. Ok?B: Sorry, I must go to work on seven thirty.A: I see, how about twelve oclock?B: NO problem, see you.2.C-captain Ssteersman Tthird officerC:Well enter

30、the harbor this morning.S:Do we need a pilot?C:The pilot will be on board at half past 14, whats the time now?S:Its 14:20T: I think your watch is 5 minutes slow. Mine is 14:25S: Really? Let me adjust it.3.A: How long have you been here?B: Three weeks.A：Tomorrow is July 4th. Its the national Day of t

31、he Americans.B: Our national day is the 1st of October. Its in autumn, a harvest season.Adjust 调整 harvest 丰收的练习（Exercises）I. Translate the following into English:1. 几点了？ 2. 八点一刻 3. 九点五十五 4. 十点半5.今天星期几？ 6.今天星期四 7.今天几号？ 8.我的表走得准.9.我的表坏了 10.国庆节 11.收获的季节 12.早上进港IIExpress the meaning of the following sen

32、tences in English:1) 现在几点了？我的表坏了。-快9：30了。2）我的表走得很准。-是吗？ 那我的慢了5分钟3） 今天几号？-八月二十二号4) 你们在这里多长时间了？-2个星期了。 5）明天是星期几？ -礼拜六。第六单元 电话礼仪 （Making a Phone Call）本课学习重点：Calling someboday 打电话给某人Picking up the telephone 接电话1. Useful Expressions打电话：This is Mike SpeakingHello? Is that John?Is that Bridge?Can/ May I sp

33、eak to John?Id like to speak to JohnExtension 6721, Please.接电话：This is John speaking.Whos speaking, please?Hold on, pleasePlease hold the line.May I have your name?常用语：Sorry, wrong number.It is occupied.The number is engaged.The line is busy.Can I leave a message?Can I take a message?A moment, Pleas

34、e.One minute, Please.Can you hear me?Could you speak louder?Ill ring back later.Could you ring back later?Please dial laterThe phone is out of order.2. Dialogues Mike: Hello, may I speak to John?John: This is John speaking.Mike: I called you 10 minutes before, you are not in.John: I go out to toilet

35、. Whats the matter?Mike: Would you please tell me the phone number of Tom?John: One minute, please.The number is 86593271Mike: Hi, John, could you speak louder? I cant hear you.John: 8-6-5-9-3-2-7-1.Mike: Ok, I got it. Thank you.练习（Exercises）1) Hello, who is this_?A. Speak B. call C. Speaking2) Woul

36、d you mind leaving a_?A.Call B.message C.telephone 3) May I have him_you back? A. see B. tell C. call 4）Can I _to Mr.Zhang? A. speak B. see C. make 5) Could you speak a little_? A. more B. louder C. loader Express the meaning of the following sentences in English：你好，我可以和王先生通电话吗？-请问你是哪一位？ 他不在，你可以留言给他

37、。-哦，那不用了，谢谢第七单元 问路 （asking the way）本课学习重点：Asking the way 问路Giving directions 指路Useful Expressions1. Asking the wayExcuse me! Could you direct me to ( the port)?Excuse me! Where is ( the bank)?Excuse me! How do I get to (the port)?Excuse me! Could you tell me the way to ( the supermarket)?If you want

38、 special directions, use:-Which is the quickest way to (the Post office)?-Whats the best way to (the city downtown)?Asking about distances,use:-How far is it?-How long will it take (on foot/by car/by bus)?-Can I do it in (ten minutes)?-Should I take( a taxi)?2. Giving directionsIts near the (hospita

39、l).Go straight on/ ahead.Turn left/right at the(second) street.Go towards (the park) and turn left.Cross/go across the roadGo over/under the bridge.Go along the streetGo past the （Post office）To identify the place, use:Its the first streetIts the first on the left/rightIts on the left/right hand sid

40、e of the road.3） To tell people distance, use:Its quite far.Its too far to walk.Its not very far/Its quite near here.Its about (two) kilometers.Its (ten minutes) on foot/walking.Its (three minutes)by car/drivingIts (an hours) walk/drive.You should take (a taxi)DialoguesA: Excuse me, Sir. I am a sail

41、or. I lost my way.B: what can I do for you?A: Could you tell me how to get to the harbor?B: Look, go past that high building, you can find a bus station.A: Whats the number of the bus?B: No.73, and get off at the terminal station.A: How long will it take?B: oh, its far from here. About half an hour.

42、A: Thank you very much.练习(Exercises)1) How long will it take by_?AFoot B. bus C. going 2) Go_ the hospital and turn left. A. down B.in C.towards 3) Walk_ this road to the crossroad. A. into B. down C. in 4) Could you tell me how to_ the airport? A. run B. way C. get to 5) You can get to the harbor b

43、y bus, and get off at the_ station. A. Taxi B. subway C. terminal6) You can go to the city center by_. A. foot B. run C.subway第八单元 购物 （shopping）本科学习重点： To buy something 买东西Talking about price 讨价还价 Useful Expression1) The shop assistant will say to you in a department store:Can ( May ) I help you?Wha

44、t can I do for you?Are you looking for something? 2）If you want to buy anything you should answer. Have you any nylon socks? Id like to try on this jacket I am looking for a (electric razor) I want to get some trousers. 3 Discussing colorHave you got another color?This is too dark/too light.I like/d

45、ont like (this color). 4 Talking about price Its on sales today, 20% discount off the price. How much is it/are they? Whats the price of this one? Have you got anything cheaper/more expensive? Thats cheap/expensive; Its too expensive. Its a bit more than I expected.(我没想到这么贵) I dont think Ill take it

46、.5 Talking about sizeWhat size is it?Will this fit me?Have you got anything bigger/smaller？Have you got this in a bigger/smaller size?It is/they are too big/small short/long/tight/loose.It looks a bit small. Anything bigger?2 DialoguesA: May I help you. sir?B: Yes, please. Id like to buy a pair of s

47、hoes.A: Which kind of shoes?B: Running shoes.A: How about those? They are on sales today.B: How much?A: $30, 15% discount off the price.B: May I try on?A: Yes, of course. Which size do you wear?B: Size 42. 练习（ Exercises）1) Have you got_ color?A. Another B. others C. other 2）How about a black one? It

48、s_. A. out of use B. Sold out C. out of order 3) How _is that together? 200 yuan. A. many B. much C. long 4) Id like to buy a pair of_. A. books B. tables C. shoes 5) Its on _today, 10% discount off the price. A. sale B. cheap C. discountExpress the meaning of the following sentences in English:1) 你

49、好先生，想买点什么？我想买双鞋。 2）请问手机有什么牌子的？ 您想买哪一个牌子的呢？ 3）能便宜点吗？ 今天打折。20%的折扣。 第九单元 At the Customs ( 海关用语)本课学习重点：Questions by customs officer 海关官员的提问Answer 回答1. Useful Expressions海关官员：Show me your passport document.Show your passport. please.May I see your declaration? ( 申报，报关)Where is your vaccination certificat

50、e? (预防接种)Please fill in this form.Anything to declare? (有应该上税的物品吗)Do you have RMB notes with you?How much foreign currency are you carrying?Whats in the suitcase?Please open it.This is a dutiable article (这是一件应该交税的物品)Whats the purpose of your trip?Where are you from?Liquids are forbidden from carryi

51、ng in the hand bag.通关人员：Here you are.Yes, I will fill in the form.No, nothing to declare.I have 1000 Yuan RMB and 100 U.S dollars.There are clothes and books in it.Im going to work on board a ship.Im from China.Can I take my things away?DialoguesA: Show your passport.B：Here you are.A：Where are you from?B: I come from China.A: Is your name Wang Hui?B: No,no, Wang Hua.A: Sorry. Whats your business?B: Im going to work on board a ship. The ship is now in your country.A: Ple