双向交流对口选派挂职干部管理办法

1、双向交流对口选派挂职干部管理办法a fire truck is on a railway lineinfluence environmental protection investigation and thinkingthe first three students of the people's congress, shao miao, tutor liu qiminmy love of trains makes me happy to focus on every aspect of the train. during a summer vacation trip, i went

2、 to the train latrine to urinate, thinking about the environmental protection of the train toilet because every time you go to the convenience, you see that the urine is straight up on the railroad track. the train was so sanitary that the railway was unsanitary. this phenomenon must affect the envi

3、ronmental protection along the railway line so, i want to investigate this question. know the urine after the straight line of railway, the influence degree and range of environmental protection, in order to call for people to enhanee environmental protection consciousness, and called for the railwa

4、y departments attach importanee to the improvement of the train toiletsurvey methodfirst, to consuit the newspapers and periodicalsrefer to the railway knowledge, china railway, electrified railways and other newspapers and magazines.refer to medical books for the physiological and pathological info

5、rmation of human urinesecond, conduct field observationtake a train ride from beijing west - fuyang，s 1621 circuit to observe the use of toilets in the trainthe train ride along beijing - the 425 routes of nanjing to observe the impact of trains on water sources like the yangtze river and the enviro

6、nmental protection along the routethe train ride along bei jing，s west, zhengzhou - xi ' an - 41 times to observe the environmental protection along the train line.traveling by train from beijing to the west of the city of lanzhou to observe the impact of trains on water sources such as the yell

7、ow river and environmental protection along the routetake the train along the west of beijing - the 89th route of hohhot to observe the environmental protection of the train along the route, especially through the path of the tunnel.take a train ride along beijing's north - badaling 7173 - to ob

8、serve the environmental protection of the train through the outskirts of beijingtake a train along beijing - harbin，s 47 routes to observe the impact of the train on water sources like liaohe and the environmental protection along the routetake a bus to beijing station, beijing west railway station,

9、 beijing south railway station, beijing north railway station to observe the railway environment protection.to observe the environmental protection along the railway lines in the outer suburbs of beijing, such as liangxiang, daxing, and gatewaystake a bus to the zhuozhou railway station to observe t

10、he environmental protection of the railway when the train passesthird, an individual interviewinterview train conductor, conductor and passenger on 7173 train in badaling, beijinginterview the train conductor and passenger on 1621 train in fuyang city, beijinginterview people who live on either side

11、 of the beijing-guangzhou line of zhuozhou railway.interview the senior leadership and editor of railway knowledge magazine.fourth, carry out the questionnaire surveyin the middle of 7173 trains, 1621 train passengers, the army- off ices in eight large parts of beijing, local institutions and neighb

12、ors distributed valid questionnaires 120.the results of the surveythe railway knowledge, the china railway, the electrified railway, etcsince the first railway was built in 1876, the railway has been used on the railway.the vast majority of the 1, 000 buses that china is running everyday still make

13、the lineit is understood that most countries in the world also use buses with no urinalsin japan, all kinds of buses use the urinal device 100%(5) at present our country 1000 pairs of passenger cars in running every day, only a handful of new passenger cars, such as 21-22, 13, 14, 15, 16, 97-98 seco

14、nd-class passenger cars equipped with toilets (toilet) device2. medical books in physiological and pathological data on human urine shows i (see table):the project physiological condition of urinetheintowater accounts for 95-97% of solid (urea, uric acid, chloride dnd other salts) accounted for 3.5%

15、, patients with viral disease, there are all kinds of viruses, or hepatitis virus, or hiv/aids, trichomoniasis, such as a sexually transmitted disease virus, most of them can be spread through the urine or body fluids bigthentheintoan undigested food residue, meat fibers, starch grains, plant cells,

16、 etc. it has digested undigested proteins and fats; the secretion of the digestive tract, which has the bile pigment, the inorganic salt, the enzyme, the mucus; the product of dissociation, ineluding indigo, coprolipid, fatty acid, and various gases; there are various kinds of bacteria such as colon

17、 wall cells and e. coli, enterococcus and anaerobic bacteria the eggs and chips in the stool can transmit dysentery, cholera and various parasitic diseases some of the conditions are pathogenic bacteria, which cause disease when the body，s body resistence and physical deviation the two toilets in a

18、hard carriage on 1621 are observed:there are more than 20 people in and out of the toilet every half hour, and occasionally someone goes in for a long time, and there are people waiting outsideat 6 a. m - when you brush your teeth and wash your teeth around 7 o 'clock, the toilet is more frequen

19、tly used,there are often two or three people waiting in line for the toilet.from 5:45 p. m. to 6:45 p. m., beijing, guangzhou, zhuozhou, china:bei jing-guangzhou route use frequency is very high, about every five more minutes there will be a train roared, every time as the waste of toilet paper on b

20、oth sides of the railway train to dance with the wind, landed on the grass in the distance (see chart) after more than 10 trains in an hour, the majority of buses are taken. there are buses from beijing to taiyuan, xi ? an and handan, as well as guangzhou to beijing almost every pillow in the orbit

21、can see the unmistakable trace of feces (see chart) some on the old dung on new dung, and as per trip bus drove by, appear on the railway urine stool (water) or sprinkled on the railway, track the root of the widespread rustinterview the train conductor, conductor and passenger on the 1621 train in

22、fuyang, beijing, north of beijing - the train, train conductor and passenger:q: is there any environmental impact on the railway toilet?passenger: yesthe conductor: nothingq: do you need improvement on the railway toilet?passenger dnswer: very need, this is more wholesome, also increase civilization

23、 degreethat's how they've come over so many years, and it's better to be able to improveinterview people who live on the two sides of the zhuozhou section of the beijing-guangzhou line:q: do you have a lot of poop on the railway?a middle-aged aunt, who was in the middle of the herd, repl

24、ied: "often, there，s a lot of fliesan aunt that holds a small child answer: the toilet paper also man y.one old man, who was searching for trash on the railway track, said: "there's a lot of shit, and the bus is over 100 times a day.q: is there any impact on the nearby village on the t

25、racks?a retired old man answer: one to windy days, fecal odor and toilet paper to the village with the wind, dirty and smelly, sometimes mix and shipped the city garbage more smelly.in ter view senior leaders and editors at the journal of railway knowledge:q: why didn，t you put the toilet on when yo

26、u first invented the train, but let it be on the railway?answer: when people invented and built the train didn，t install closestool, mainly for technical reasons, economic strength and technological reasons, anyway then can not meet the conditions of installation closestool.q: is there any further i

27、mprovement in this area?a: there is no consideration of the problem of installing toilets for all the trains running, because this is too expensive8. when conducting questionnaire distributed 120 valid questionnaires, 114 valid questionnaires taken back ii (see table):a questionnaire about the railw

28、ay problem in the fire truckquestionnaire within capacity will answer (or influence) % answer not (or not) (% answer other (% will pollute the environment, 112, 2 (98. 25%), 1 (1. 75%), 0. 88% will corrosion rail infrastructure, 109 (95.61%), 5 (4. 39%) whether the normal operation the railroad work

29、ers, 112 people, 1 (98.24%), 114 (0. 88%) whether to affect the construction of spiritual civilization, 0 100%, accounting for 114 0 whether the train toilet needs to be improved, 0 100%, accounting for zero meter 561 8 m analysisin combination with the above investigation, as the passenger，s large

30、and frequent train carrier, its urination is on the railway line, which really brings a series of problems to the environment from the situation of investigation and the development trend of the future, the problems mainly lie in the following aspectsone, pollution of atmosphere, water source enviro

31、nment and soilin questionnaire survey, asked whether on urine straight row of railway train environmental pollution, with 9& 25% of people answer "affect", this shows that people are highly consistent. through careful observation on the train that 1621 times, half an hour, about 20 peo

32、ple in and out of the two toilets, suggesting that the train toilet use frequency is very high, and every day there are at least 1000 in the national railway passenger car off, in this way, the straight line of railway train wears large number, wide range and pollution liu zhi jun, deputy minister o

33、f the ministry of railways, said in a speech at the 2002 railway transport conference that the number of passenger trips planned for 2002 was 1. 02 billion if this view, an average of the last train toilet urine 0. 5 kilograms, everyday in the 1. 02 billion x 二 510 million kg, 0. 5 kg is 510000 tons

34、 of urine scattered in the railroad land, the number is considerable, the more significant number of pollution day by day, have the following can not be ignored in particular:pollution of the atmosphere in the field observation of the zhuozhou section of the beijing-guangzhou line, there were villag

35、es along the railway linewith china's reform and opening up, with the rest of the world，s exchanges increasing, domestic frequent personnel flow, also make the passengers on the train composition is more complex, passengers may have infection factors in waste increasetransmission of new infectio

36、us diseases from abroad. only in media reports over the past few years, we know the british bse pose dangers to human and dioxins in chicken feed, pig cattle and sheep susceptible infected with the disease of course, there are some unknown sources of disease that are not clearly being ignored accord

37、ing to information, the united states, britain and other countries have appeared hundreds of cases of people infected with mad cow disease and foot and mouth disease virus to spread on the ground and the water nature of dozens or even more than 100 kilometres these pathogens pose a threat to human a

38、nd livestock in the fields, which are polluted by drinking water from the river. because of facing the world，s door open, the greater the has a lot of foreigners come to china, and a lot of chinese to foreign these people come and go between also become new infectious diseases pathogeny carriers alt

39、hough these foods cause can be our country port relentlessly in the bay, but not with the pathogeny carriers because without knowing cases in abroad, and then train by their excretion in the toilet of urine on the boundless land in our country, inadvertently bring potential danger to the masses of r

40、esidents in our country.2, the transmission of some controlled infectious diseases in the country. as constantly improve the quality of life, urban and rural areas in china have a lot of people to travel around and have a lot of patient pool city sought treatment, the train was high density waste co

41、llection and distribution center of patient groups it makes such as tuberculosis (tb) who underwent the resurgence, pathogenic as waste to find living environment and space, multiply spread diseases, complicated and spread more widely.because of the train on the poop on the straight line of railway,

42、 the above such various virus, germs, as thousands of miles of atmosphere, rivers, diffusion along the railway to the wider land and space, in our country by natural wind snow and rain again and carry along the railway residents to the city, carry to a more dense population, and make the puzzling di

43、seases occurrence and popular, the potential hazards cannot be taken for granted.the effect of four, on the life of railway facilities such as railway trackson the field trip, it was found that the parts of the rails that were near the soil were rustless, which had to do with its long exposure to ur

44、ine questionnaire survey showed that wears on straight line railway, the train passengers both influence railway workers maintenance of railway construction, and increase the railway sleepers railway facilities such as the degree of corrosion and damage; tests also show that the urine is corrosive t

45、o metal and wood according to expert introduction, railway facilities normal service life is now 20 years or so, that in addition to the train of wear, must be the urine to the degree of corrosion of calculation. without the latter, rail and other rail services would have a longer lifewaste natural

46、resourcesif all the trains improve toilet facilities, house the toilet, and collect the manure, that is a significant amount of agricultural fertilizer most of the crops in the countryside now are fertilisers, which are meant to grow fast, not to emphasize the use of organic fertilizers the result,

47、though convenient and convenient, is because of the high degree of damage to the soil caused by fertilizer, which makes the land of the fertilized soil become a knot, and the land salinization is accelerated if you use the fertilizer, you can protect the soil and change the ecological environmentsom

48、e suggestions oncountries in increasing billions on expanding the existing traffic infrastructure, it is necessary to improve the first reflect the degree of civilization and the environmental protection consciousness of the train toilet device into consideration, from source control the waste pollu

49、tion. the advice is as follows:1. hope that the relevant departments of the ministry of railways to train along the discharge of urine, makes the new bus toilets are set, the existing bus can also with environmental toilet toilets (set) deviceorganize the research and design of the small, profitable

50、, and easy to popularize the railway environmental toilet (the urinal) such as easy to install waste container at the bottom of the train car, one is at the bottom of each compartment has a closed container of excrement and urine, one is the whole train car at the bottom of the waste containers are

51、interlinked, stay at the train station (and could be considered to add water at the same time the train) to release again.organize the study of fecal receiving pools such as in the railway station (station) underground waste receiving pool design installation, train, car waste feces container at the

52、 bottom of the pipeline alignment station receive pool entrance automatic unload fecesreferencejournal of railway knowledge beijing: the ministry of railways scientific and technical information research institute, 2000-2002china railway magazine edited and published by railway knowledge magazine, 2

53、000 - 2002kim xin: china problem report, world report beijing: china social science press, 2002"in the train of fire, the railroad tracks the railwayenvironmental research and thinkingproblems ofin recent years, the national railway line has been increasing, constantly spreading to the densely

54、populated areas however, the unsanitary and uncivilized phenomena on the railway line were not changed it is not only bring the country more and more residents along the railway stink and amount of toilet paper, affected the environmental protection, but also because of various complex pathological

55、component in urine can be achieved by these media atmosphere, rivers, insect and human, spread all kinds of infectious diseases, which pose a threat to people's health in order to understand the urine after the straight line of railway environmental impact degree, i intend to carry out investiga

56、tion and study, in order to urging people to strengthen environmental protection consciousness, and called for the railway departments attach importance to the improvement of the train toiletthe purpose of the studychange the unhygienic and uncivilized phenomena on the railway line.reinforce people，

57、s awareness of environmental protection.improve the ability of individuals to conduct social surveysthird, the main content of the researchunderstand the environmental protection of the train this timeto clarify the physiological and pathological components of human urineunderstand the environmental

58、 protection of the train by land, river and tunnel.understand the number of passengers excreted on the train.observe the amount of urination on the track and affect the environment, livestock and railway facilitiesask people how they think, understand and improve on the railway line.the process, ste

59、p and method of researchrefer to the information on railway and environmental protection and medical books to understand the physiological and pathological data of human urinetake a train to observe the use of toilets in trains and environmental protection along the routetake a bus to beijing station, beijing west railway station, beijing south railway station, be