新概念2 Unit 28

1、1. 帐篷帐篷2. 极好的极好的3. 睡袋睡袋4. 爬行爬行5. 舒适的舒适的6. 香甜的香甜的7. 跳跃跳跃8. 蜿蜒蜿蜒9. 背默第背默第4段段Lesson 28FREE TALK:1. Does your father or mother have a car?2. Where does she or he usually park her or his car?3. What will you do if somebody park his car in front of the gate of your garage? Lets talk about traffic logos 【N

2、ew words and expressions】 rare adj. 罕见的 ancient adj. 古代的，古老的 myth n. 神话故事 trouble n. 麻烦 effect n. 结果，效果 Medusa n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一） Gorgon n. （古希腊神话）3位蛇发女怪之一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头） Interesting knowledge传说美杜莎原是个十分美丽的少女，长着一头披肩秀发。人们都说美杜莎是世间最漂亮的女人，连天上的女神在她面前都要黯然失色。因此激怒了雅典娜，而被雅典娜剥夺美貌，并且将头发变成毒蛇，成为一头面目狰狞的怪物，人只要碰到她

3、目光，就立即变成石头。戈耳工的血液虽然剧毒，却拥有特殊的力量，曾赋予埃里克特翁尼亚斯（Erichthonius）以起死回生的能力。珀尔修斯(Perseus)用割下的美杜莎的头颅杀死了海怪塞特斯（Cetus），回去后把头颅交给雅典娜，雅典娜把它固定在自己的盾牌(Aegis)中央。戈耳工三姐妹的头像常被艺术家用在象征性的徽章、建筑的装饰物甚至雅典的钱币上，也曾用于士兵的盾牌上。敌人看了盾牌上的美杜莎的脸就会变成石像。古希腊人将美杜莎的头像绘制在盘子上，以达到趋吉避凶的效果。 Language pointrare adj. 罕见的罕见的 adj. 罕见的 rare 指世界上都少有 rare spec

4、ies 稀有物种rare animal 稀有动物；rare bird 珍稀鸟类；rare illness 疑难杂症 scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的，稀有的，不充足的（少有的，表示某个时间段或某个地方少有） Watermelon is scarce in winter. （watermelon n. 西瓜） adj. 几乎是生的 well done 全熟 medium adj. 半生半熟的 ancient adj. 古代的古代的, 古老的古老的 ancient Egypt 古埃及 ancient historyantique adj. 古代的，古玩，古董，古老而有价值的 antique

5、furniture 古董家具 myth n. 神话故事 fairy n. 神仙故事mythology 神话学 trouble n. 麻烦 n. 麻烦 Im sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉给你带来麻烦(口语) ask for trouble 自找麻烦 He is asking for trouble. have trouble in doing sth. 做遇到麻烦have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦和某人相处有麻烦 I have trouble (in) parking the car. =I have a lot of troubl

6、e parking the car. v. 麻烦麻烦 Woman/Man/Child troubles. Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. Let sleeping dog lie. (let sb. do sth.) effect n. 结果, 效果 have an effect 有效果 have no effect 没有效果 have effect on 对有效果 The advice has no effect on me. affect vi.影响，产生效果effective adj. 高效的，有效果的 New word

7、sNew wordsrareancientmythtroubleeffectMedusaGorgon 罕见的罕见的古代的，古老的古代的，古老的神话故事神话故事麻烦麻烦结果，效果结果，效果美杜莎美杜莎蛇发女怪蛇发女怪New wordsNew words罕见的罕见的古代的，古老的古代的，古老的神话故事神话故事麻烦麻烦结果，效果结果，效果美杜莎美杜莎蛇发女怪蛇发女怪rareancientmythtroubleeffectMedusaGorgon Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has

8、 just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper h

9、as put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owne

10、rs to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Questions on the text:1.Are there many people who believe in ancient myths? No, there arent.2. Whats Jasper just bought? A new house.3. Since when has he had trouble with cars and their owners? Since he moved in.4. What does he always find w

11、hen he comes home in the evenings? Someone has parked a car outside his gate.5. Whats he put up outside his gate? No Parking signs.6. Where has he put a stone head? Over the gate.Text Explanation1、Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. one of +名词/代词 其中之一（of后面的名词必须是复数，

12、但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数） One of your friends is waiting for you now. 如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；Tommy is one of the boys who like English in this class.如果在 one of前面还有一修饰词 (the) only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看 He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 翻译：这些答案中有一个

13、是对的。One of the answers is true. believe vt. 相信（某人的话），认为 Do you believe that cats eat grass? believe in 信任，信赖（人格、力量等）；信仰；相信的存在，相信的价值 Ive I believe in God. 翻译： 我从来就不信任约翰。 I never believed in John. 2、He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars an

14、d their owners. ever since =since 从那以后一直（ever since的语气比since强，主句一般用完成时） Ive been interested in flying ever since I was a boy. He left the village last year and has never returned ever since. have trouble doing 做有麻烦 have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦 I have trouble with my roommate. 3、Because of this, he

15、 has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. because 关系副词，后面接原因状语从句 He came back early because it was raining.because of 介词，只能跟名词、代词或动词 “-ing”构成介词短语 He came back early because of the rain. He came back early because of raining.be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做；can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和

16、过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to。 9-month old Tom is already able to stand up. Ill be able to pass my driving test after Ive had a few lessons. get sth. into 把弄进 get his car into his garage （？）drive the car into 把车子撞上 I drove the car

17、into the wall /tree. （？）even once 甚至一次（even 起强调） 4、It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. “I have ever seen” 做定语从句, 修饰前边的faces 如果关系词在从句中做宾语, 关系词可以省略, 所以 I 前的which被省略 This is the most difficult work I have ever done. This is the most terrible news I have ever heard. 有两个结构一定用最高级： of+范围 of al

18、l the students in+地点 He is the tallest in the room. 5、Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. hope 的后面加that从句 turn sth. to (into) 把前者变成后者 turn the prince to a frog He was turned to a frog. They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place. turn to sb/sth. 向求助 If y

19、ou dont know this word you can turn to the dictionary. 6、But none of them has been turned to stone yet! none of，neither of做主语时做单数看待 【Key structures】 What has happened? 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系和现在有联系。动作或状态发。动作或状态发生在过去但它的生在过去但它的影响影响现在还存在；也可表示持续现在还存在；也可表示持续

20、到现在的动作或状态。到现在的动作或状态。构成形式：构成形式： 助动词助动词 have / has+ 过去分词过去分词肯定式：主语肯定式：主语+have / has+ 过去分词过去分词+其他其他 I have read the book twice.否定式：主语否定式：主语+havent / hasnt+ 过去分词过去分词+其他其他 I havent been there before. 疑问式：疑问式：Have / Has+主语主语+ 过去分词过去分词+其他？其他？ Have you finished your homework?现在完成时的构成及基本句型现在完成时的构成及基本句型 与现在完成

21、时连用的副词和副词短语：与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before(now)，so far，up to/till now，just，already，now，ever，never，since和和for 等，等，since一般与一个时间点连用，一般与一个时间点连用，for一般与时间段连用一般与时间段连用。 现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时的基本用法(1)表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。造成的影响或结果。 常与常与just, already, 和和yet 连用连用 - Have you had lunch? - Yes, I have.

22、 Ive just had it. 你吃过午饭没？有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。你吃过午饭没？有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。（影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了）（影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了）He has already gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。他已经去北京了。（影响及结果：他人现在不在这里了）（影响及结果：他人现在不在这里了） (2) 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或 状态。常和状态。常和for +时间段时间段、since+时间点时间点连用。连用。 I have been here for three days. 我在这里已经我在这里

23、已经3天了。天了。 His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自他爸爸自1991年以来都在这家工厂工作。年以来都在这家工厂工作。(3) 表示从某个模糊的过去时间起直到现在，表示从某个模糊的过去时间起直到现在，常与常与up till now和和so far连用连用,描述重复的动作描述重复的动作Up till now he has always passed his exams. 到目前为止他都能通过考试。（但下次是否到目前为止他都能通过考试。（但下次是否还能通过是个问题）还能通过是个问题）I have been to New Yor

24、k three times so far. 目前为止我已去过纽约三次了。（而且我很目前为止我已去过纽约三次了。（而且我很有可能再去）有可能再去）【Special Difficulties】 关系从句及关系代词 关系从句又可称为定语从句定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性关系从句（带逗号）。 表示人的关系代词：who，whom，that，whose（口语中whom经常由who代替） 表示事物和动物的关系代词：which，that 关系代词可以有四个概念 : 代人的, 做主语或宾语who，只做宾语的whom

25、 代物的, 做主语或宾语 which 代人的也可以代物的 做主语或宾语 that whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人) 关系代词后面要加从句，先行词放在定语从句前面, 而且是两句话共同含有的词, 还是被定语从句修饰的词 I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 为先行词 “that/which” 为关系代词) 关系代词有两个功能 : 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 “book” 作从句的宾语) The boy who is standing at the door is my brother. I can do anythin

26、g that I can do. The boat whose name is. I have a house whose windows are broken. 关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以。 The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father. whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语 The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother. The pilot whose

27、plane landed in a field was not hurt.He is the right person I am looking for. Chinese - English你去过那个很多小河的农村吗？你去过那个很多小河的农村吗？Have you been to the village which/that has a lot of rivers?你知道那个很聪明但很胖的男生吗？你知道那个很聪明但很胖的男生吗？Do you know the boy who is smart but fat?你看到那本放在桌子上的书了吗？你看到那本放在桌子上的书了吗？Did you see th

28、e book which/that was on the desk?他选择了那辆最贵的车。他选择了那辆最贵的车。He chose the car which/that was the most expensive.我仍记得我们一起的日子。我仍记得我们一起的日子。I still remember the days (which/that) we spent together.以下情况多用that (1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词 All the people that are present burst into tears. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2) 如果先行词被the only, the very, the same,