2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(B级)真题及答案(20211205040159)

1、1 2009 年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（b 级）真题及答案人事考试教育网整理第 1 部分：词汇选项（第115 题，每题1 分，共 15 分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1would you please call my husband as soon as possible？avisit b phone cconsult d invite 2we had a long conversation about her parents. aspeech b question ctalk d debate 3the chairman p

2、roposed that we stop the meeting. astated b announced cdemanded d suggested 4obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis. alived on b depended on cbelieved in d joined in 5there is always excitement at the olympic games when an athlete breaks a record. abeats b maintains cmatches d tries 6al

3、l the pupils seem to be very cheerful. ahappy b healthy cnaughty d busy 7the traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor. alaid b displayed ckept d stored 8she stood there， shaking with fury. 2 amisery b laughter canger d cry 9mary evidently is the most diligent student among us aintelli

4、gent b beautiful ctalkative d hardworking 10 persistent attempts to interview garbo were fruitless. a forceful breasonable c continuous dfirm 11 why cant you stop your eternal complaining ？aeverlasting b long ctemporary d boring 12 hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. ashaken b dama

5、ged cfallen d jumped 13 these paintings are considered by many to be authentic. afaithful b royal cgenuine d sincere 14 many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. aattraction b simplicity cpower d rigor 15 ten years after the event， her death still remains a puzzle amist b fog c

6、mystery d secret 第 2 部分：阅读判断（第1622 题，每题1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息， 请选择 a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c.radiocarbon dating 3 nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon （放射性碳），or carbon-14， dating. one key to

7、 understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened. radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist willard f. libby at he university of chicago. an atom of ordinary carbon， called carbon-12， has six protons（中子）and six neutrons （质子）in its nucleus. carbon-14

8、， or c-14， is a radioactive， unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons （原子核）。it returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay （衰减） 。 this process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. in libbys radiocarbon dating technique ， the weak r

9、adioactive emissions （放射）from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate is used to determine the proportion of c-14 atoms in the sample being dated. carbon-14 is produced in the earths atmosphere when nitrogen （氮） -14， or n-14，interacts with

10、 cosmic rays （宇宙射线） 。 scientists believe since the earth was formed ， the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. consequently， c-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. now the ratio of c-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. most scientists agree that

11、this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50，000 years. all life on earth is made of organic molecules （分子） that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. so all living things have about the same ratio of c-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues （组织） 。 once an organism （

12、有机体）dies it tops taking in carbon in any form， and the c-14 already present begins to decay. over time the amount of c-14 in the material decreases， and the ratio of c-14 to other carbon toms goes down. in terms of radiocarbon dating ， the fewer c-14 atoms in a sample， the older that sample is. 16no

13、wadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects a right bwrong c not mentioned 17the radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old a right bwrong c not mentioned 18an atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons a right bwrong c not mentioned 19radar i

14、s used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon a right bwrong c not mentioned 20radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50 ，000 years. 4 a right bwrong c not mentioned 21the c-14 in an organism begins to decay when it dies a right bwrong c not mentioned 22the half-life o

15、f c-14 is about 25 ，000 years. a right bwrong c not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330 题，每题1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有2 项测试任务： （1）第 2326 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第1 4 段每段 1 选择个最佳标题；（2）第 2730 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最佳选项。chimpanzees 1chimpanzees （黑猩猩）will soon be extinct （灭绝） 。 if the present rate of hunting and habitat （栖息

16、地）destruction continues，then within 20 years，there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. but this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy （悲剧）。chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications （含意）for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2in 1975 the biologist

17、marie-claire king and allan wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes （基因组）match by over 98%. compare this to the mouse ， used as model for human disease in lab tests， which shares only 60% of its dna with us. in fact， chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any oth

18、er species of monkey. as well as resembling us genetically ， chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. these facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority （优先）。 but there is another，more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3the chimpanzees trump card （王牌）c

19、omes in the field of medical research. chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians （兽医）often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. in particular ， chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. it is

20、this ability that is so interesting. 4for example， chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to hiv ， the virus that causes aids. indeed ， their use as experimental animals in aids research has declined because they are so resistant. 5by sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing （找到

21、）the place where the chimpanzee dna sequence differs from that of humans， scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. this，they hope， will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms o

22、f these diseases. such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration 5 （改变）of the human genetic sequence. the recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23paragraph 1 24paragraph 2 25paragraph 3 26parag

23、raph 4 areasons for hiv resistance bimplications of chimpanzee extinction for humans ceffective aids treatment dgenetic similarities between chimps and humans echimps resistance to hiv fgenetic differences between chimps and humans 27chimpanzee extinction may affect 28there is a difference ofless th

24、an 2% between the chimp and 29scientists suspect that genes.play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 30the discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to asome human disease treatments bsome diseases chuman survival dhuman genomes ekey areas fhealthier lifestyle 第 4 部分：阅

25、读理解（第3145 题，每题3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。第一篇water the second most important constituent （构成成份）of the biosphere （生物圈）is liquid water. this can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures ， since water freezes at 0 and 6 boils at 100 。life as we know it would only be po

26、ssible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. the earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. the total quantity of water is not known very accurately ， but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of abou

27、t two and three-quarter kilometers. most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 per cent. the rest is fresh， but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains， and cannot be used by living systems until melted. of the remaining fractional which i

28、s somewhat less than one per cent of the whole， there is 10-20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. there is also a tiny ， but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere. water vapor in the atmosphere is t

29、he channel through which the whole water circulation （循环）of the biosphere has to pass. water evaporated （蒸发）from the surface of the oceans， from lakes and rivers and from moist （潮湿的）earth is added to it. from it the water comes out again as rain or snow ， falling on either the sea or the land. there

30、 is ， as might be expected， a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land， but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans ， and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers. 31liquid water only exists ain the center

31、of the earth. bon the surface of our planet. cin a very narrow range of temperatures. din the coastal areas of the earth. 32the total quantity of water on earth aremains almost unchanged. bhas greatly increased in recent years. cis decreasing constantly. dis affected by global warming. 33most of the

32、 fresh water on earth ais stored underground. bis in the form of ice at the poles and on mountains. cis found in rivers and lakes. 7 dcomes from the rain. 34the word “ fraction” in the second paragraph meansaa very small amount. ba large area. can important system. da major source of information 35t

33、here is more of rainfall aover the mountains than over the rivers. bover the rivers than over the mountains cover the oceans than over the land. dover the land than over the oceans. 第二篇mind-reading machine a team of researchers in california has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects peopl

34、e are looking at by scanning （扫描）whats happening in their brains. when you look at something， your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. cells in your brain called neurons （神经元）are responsible for this processing. t

35、he fmri （functional magnetic resonance imaging ）（功能性磁振造影）brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. like cells anywhere else in your body ， active neurons use oxygen. blood brings oxygen to the neurons， and the more

36、 active a neuron is， the more oxygen it will consume. the more active a region of the brain ， the more active its neurons， and in turn， the more blood will travel to that region. and by using fmri ， scientists can visualize （使 显现）which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood - and therefor

37、e ， which parts are working to process information. an fmri machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. the technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks ， looks at something， or carries out an activity like speaking or rea

38、ding. by highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images， fmri may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. 8 the california researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of

39、 pictures of everyday objects ， like people ， animals， and fruits. the scientists used an fmri machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan， indicating activity. the sc

40、ientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. in a second test， the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. like before ，their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. this time， the scientists

41、 used their model to match the fmri scans to the image. for example， if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test， their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples. 36what is responsible

42、 for processing the information sent by your eyes ？athe magnetic system in the brain. bthe central part of the heart. coxygen-rich blood. dneurons in the brain. 37the function of an fmri machine is ato show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood. bto measure how dense the blood is in the brain. cto

43、record how much oxygen the brain consumes. dto identify which parts of the brain are processing information 38the expression “ highlighting the areas of the brain at work in paragraph 5 meansagiving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information. bmarking the parts of the brain that

44、 are processing information. cputting the parts of the brain to work. dpreventing the parts of the brain from working. 39the researchers experimented on aanimals and objects. bfmri machines. ctwo volunteers. dthousands of pictures. 9 40which of the following can best replace the title of the passage

45、 ？arecent development in science and technology. byour thoughts can be scanned. ca technological dream. dan intelligent robot. 第三篇youth emancipation in spain the spanish government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave t

46、he nest. around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in spain still sleep in their parents homes， says the latest report from the countrys state-run institute of youth. to coax （劝诱）young people from their homes ， the institute started a “ youthemancipation （解放） “ program this month. the program offers gu

47、idance in finding rooms and jobs. economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious （不稳定的）labor market and increasing housing prices. housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. cultural reasons also contribute to the problem ， say sociologists （社会学家） 。 family ties in so

48、uth europe - italy ， portugal and greece - are stronger than those in middle and north europe，said spanish sociologist almudena moreno minguez in her report “ the late emancipation of spanish youth ： key for understanding”。“ in general， young people in spain firmly believe in the family as the main

49、body around which their private life is organized ，” said minguez.in spain - especially in the countryside， it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts，uncles， cousins， nieces and nephews （外侄 /侄子） all living on the same street. they regularly get together for sunday dinner. parents tolerance i

50、s another factor. spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “ a child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. if parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist，” said jose antonio g6mez yanez ， a sociologist at carlos iii university in m

51、adrid. 10 mothers willingness to do childrens household chores （家务） worsens the problem. dionisio masso， a 60-year-old in madrid ， has three children in their 20s. the eldest， 28， has a girlfriend and a job. but life with mum is good. “ his mum does the wash and cooks for him ； in the end， he lives

52、well ，” masso said.41the “ youth emancipation” program aims at helping young people afight for freedom. blive in an independent way. cfight against social injustice. dget rid of family responsibilities. 42it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in portugal than in afinland.

53、 bgreece. cspain. ditaly. 43young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors except aparents tolerance. bhousing problems. ccultural traditions. dunwillingness to get married. 44which of the following statements is not true of dionisio masso？a she is 60 years old. b she

54、 has a boyfriend. c she has three children. d she lives in madrid. 45the phrase “ wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byatired of. bafraid of. ccautious about. dworried about. 11 第 5 部分：补全短文（第4650 题，每题2 分，共 10 分）下面的短文有5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。reduce packaging pr

55、essure increased recently on british supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign.（46） britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. campaigners have called o

56、n britain to learn from other european countries.（47）when returned bottles are put in a vending machine （自动售货机），the deposit is refunded. environmentalists warn that britain lags behind in this. there were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with.

57、trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging.（48）in response to a campaign by britains the independent newspaper ， leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.（ 49）but campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-wa

58、ste practices on the continent. in sweden， non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives.（50） in germany， plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles. ain belgium ，when you buy something

59、 in a plastic or glass container ， you make a deposit. bthis is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying. cthis has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. dtesco said it was saving 112，000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crat

60、es （装货箱）for transporting its fresh produce. ethe campaign was initiated by the independent newspaper. fif a product is over-packaged ， dont buy it. 第 6 部分：完形填空（第5155 题，每题1 分，共 15 分）下面的短文有15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。12 taking a nap during the day medical experts say most americans do not get enough s