2022年药学名词对照表

1、学习必备欢迎下载药学名词（中 -英）6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase janbon综合症janbons syndrome ppb 浓度parts per billion concentration pphm 浓度parts per hundred million concentration pph 浓度parts per hundred concentration ppm 浓度parts per million concentration 安全范围safety range 安全试验法innocuity test method 安全系统saf

2、ety coefficient 安慰剂placebo 螯合剂chelating agent 靶细胞target cell 白蛋白微球制剂albumin microballoons 百分浓度percentage concentration 半合成抗生素semisynthetic antibiotics 半抗原haptene 半数致死剂量half lethal dose ; median lethal dose; ld50半衰期half-life period; half life time 包衣片coated tablet 薄膜衣film-coating 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - -

3、- - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载饱和溶液saturated solution 贝克勒尔becquerel 被动免疫passive immunity 被动转运passive transport 崩解度disintegration 崩解剂disintegrants 必需氨基酸essential aminoacid 必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid 变态反应allergy; allergic reaction 表面活性surface activity 表面张力surface tension

4、丙种射线gamma rays 补体complement 补体系统complement system 不良反应adverse reaction 不完全抗原incomplete antigen 搽剂liniments 长期毒性实验long term toxicity test 长效制剂prolonged action preparation 肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation 肠溶控释片enteric controlled release tablets 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 35 页 - -

5、 - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载肠溶衣enteric coating 处方prescription;recipe 穿透促进剂penetration enhancers 磁性控释制剂magnetic controlled release dosage form 磁性药物制剂magnetic medicinal preparations 大分子macromolecule 单克隆 抗体monoclonal antibody 胆碱酯酶cholinesterase 当量equivalent weight 当量定律equivalent law 当量浓度normality 当量溶液normal

6、solution 等张溶液isotonic solution 低聚糖oligosaccharides 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein 滴定titration 滴定曲线titration curve 滴丸剂pill 递质transmitter 电解electrolyzation 电解质electrolyte 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载酊剂tincture 定向药物制剂directed pharmaceutical preparati

7、ons 毒理学toxicology 毒性反应toxic response; toxic reaction 短期致癌实验short term carcinogenic test 对因治疗etiological treatment 对映体antipode 对症治疗symptomatic treatment 多功能酶multifunctional enzyme 多剂量给药multiple dose administration 多糖polyose 多肽polypeptide 儿茶酚胺catecholamine 二重感染superinfection 发酵fermentation 法定处方officia

8、l formula 芳族化合物aromatic compound 放射毒理学radiotoxicology 放射药剂学radiopharmaceutics 非必需氨基酸non-essential amino acid 非去极化型肌松药nondepolarizer 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载分子病molecular disease 分子溶液molecular solution 分子生物学molecular biology 分子药理学molecular phar

9、macology 辅基prosthetic group 辅料excipients 辅酶coenzyme 副作用side effect 附加剂additive 干燥剂desiccant;drying agent 肝首过效应first pass effect of hepar 感受器receptor 高敏性hyperreactivity 个体差异性individual differences; individual variation 给药方案或给药速度dosage regimen or dose rate 给药间隔dosing interval 工业药剂学industrial pharmacy

10、共价键covalent bond 光量子light quantum 广谱抗生素broad-spectrum antibiotic 过滤filtration 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载过敏毒素anaphylatoxin 过敏性药物反应anaphylactic drug reaction 过氧化物superoxide 含量均匀度content uniformity 核糖核酸ribonucleic acid; rna 核苷酸nucleotide 合并用药drug

11、combination 合成药物synthetic drugs 合剂mixture 痕量元素trace element 化学分析chemical analysis 化学物理学chemical physics 化学消毒法chemical disinfection 化学药物治疗chemotherapy 环境药理学environmental pharmacology 基本药物essential drugs 基因gene 激活剂activator 激活作用activation 激素hormone 激素原prohormone 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - -

12、 - - 第 6 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 己糖醇细胞毒剂cytotoxic hexitols 剂量dosage; dose 剂量或浓度的依存性dose or concentration dependency 剂型dosage form 间接致癌indirect carcinogenesis 间歇灭菌法discontinuous sterilization 碱中毒alkalosis;alkali-poisoning 胶体溶液型药剂medical colloidal solution 嚼用片chewab

13、le tablets 酵解glycolysis 拮抗作用antagonism 解毒作用detoxication 介质mediator; transmitter; medium 精神依赖性psychic dependence 剧药powerful drug 绝对致死剂量absolute lethal dose; ld100抗毒素antitoxin 抗菌谱antibacterial spectrum 抗体antibody 抗血清antiserum 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习

14、必备欢迎下载抗药性resistance to drugs 抗原antigen 克当量gram-equivalent weight 克当量数gram-equivalent number 克分子gram-molecule; gram-mol 克分子分数molar fraction 克分子量gram molecular weight 克分子浓度molar comcentratin; molal comcentration 克原子gram-atom 控释制剂controlled release preparation 口腔内给药oral administration 快速耐受tachyphylaxis

15、 扩散diffusion 扩散系数coefficient of diffusion 累积尿排泄曲线cumulative urinary excretion curves 累加效应additive effect 类毒素anatoxin;toxoid 类固醇停药综合征steroid withdrawal syndrome 冷藏cold-storage 冷冻freezing;refrigeration 量子药理学quantum pharmacology 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -

16、学习必备欢迎下载临床药理学clinical pharmacology 临床药学chlinical pharmacy 卤化物halogenide 埋植剂implants 慢通道slow pathway 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test; long term toxicity test 酶enzyme 酶原proenzyme 免疫抑制剂immunosuppressant;immuno inhibitor 免疫原性immunogenicity 免疫增强剂immunoenhancement 敏感性sensitivity 摩尔mole 摩尔分数浓度mol fraction conc

17、entration 摩尔分子体积molar volume;mole volume 摩尔浓度molarity 默克索引the merck index 耐受性tolerance 耐药性drug tolerance 内毒素endotoxin 内毒素鲎试剂测定法limulus amebocyte lysate assay for endotoxin 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载内消旋体mesomer 浓度concentration 皮肤、粘膜表面给药skin and

18、mucocutaneous administration 片剂硬度tablet hardness 气凝胶aerogel 气溶胶aerosol 气体分析gas analysis 气雾剂aerosol 前体药物prodrug 鞘内注射intrathecal injection 全酶与辅基holonzyme and prosthetic group 人工合成抗原artificial antigen 人工免疫artificial immunization 人种药理学ethnopharmacology 日内瓦命名法geneva nomenclature 溶剂solvent; dissolvent 溶解d

19、issolution; dissolving 溶菌酶lysozyme 溶血hemolysis 溶质solute 三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载杀菌活性bactericidal activity 杀菌作用bactericidal effect 身体依赖性physical dependence 神经毒素neurotoxin 肾上腺素能神经adrenergic nerve 肾上腺素能受体adrenergic

20、 receptor 渗透压osmotic pressure 生长曲线growth curve 生物胺biogenic amine 生物半衰期biological half life 生物化学biochemistry 生物碱alkaloid 生物利用度bioavailability 生物统计学biometrics;biometry 生物药剂学biopharmacy 生物制品biological product 生药crude drugs 时辰药理学chronopharmacology 时间感受性chronosusceptability 时间治疗chronotherapy 时效关系time-eff

21、ect relationship 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载时值chronaxia;chronaxy 时滞lag time 世界卫生组织world health organization; who 噬菌体bacteriophage 收敛药astringent 手性药物chiral drug 首过效应first-pass effect 受体receptor 受体激动剂receptor stimulant 受体拮抗剂receptor antagonist 双盲

22、法double-blind technique 水解（作用）hydrolysis 糖异生作用gluconeogenesis 体表面积body surface area 体积比浓度volume by volume concentration 体液body fluid 体液免疫humoral immunity 天然抗体natural antibody 天然抗原natural antigen 天然免疫natural immunity 天然药物crude drugs; natural drugs 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共

23、35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载调剂学dispensing pharmacy 同位素isotope 突变mutation 吞噬作用phagocytosis 外毒素exotoxin 外消旋体raceme 完全抗原complete antigen 王水aqua regia; nitrohydrochloric acid 微粒体酶microsomal enzyme 微量元素trace element 稳态血药浓度steady state plasma concentration 物理药剂学physical pharmaceutics 吸入法inhalation 吸收速率常

24、数absorption rate constant 细胞免疫cellular immunity 腺苷磷酸adenosine phosphate 限制性剧药restrictive holagogue 相对给药间隔relative dosage interval 相加作用additive effect; addition 向靶给药targetable drug delivery 消除速率常数elimination rate constant 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备

25、欢迎下载效价potency 效价单位potency unit 效价强度potency 效应effect 效应器effector 效应物effector 协定处方cipher prescription 协同作用synergism 兴奋性excitability 序贯设计sequential design 悬浮液suspension 选择性selectivity 血管内给药intravascular administration 血管外给药extravascular administration 血浆plasma 血浆代用液plasma substitute 血浆蛋白结合率plasma prote

26、in binding ratio 血脑屏障blood-cerebral barrier 血清serum 血容量扩充剂blood volume expander 血药浓度blood concentration 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载血液凝固blood coagulation 血液制品blood products 亚急性中毒subacute intoxication;subacute poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrite poisoning 眼用

27、膜剂ocular inserts 药时半对数曲线semi-logarithmic curve of drug-time 药时曲线drug-time curve 药峰浓度peak concentration of drug 药峰时间peak time of drug 药剂等效性pharmaceutical equivalence 药剂学pharmaceutics 药理学pharmacology 药敏试验drug sensitive test 药品负责期allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer 药品管理法drug administ

28、ration law 药品批号drug batch number 药品使用期limit date of using a drug after its production 药品有效期expiry date; date of expiration 药品质量标准drug standard 药物代谢drug metabolism 药物代谢酶drug metablic enzyme 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载药物的体内过程intracorporal process

29、 of drugs 药物动力学模型pharmacokinetics model 药物反应drug reaction 药物分布drug distribution 药物分析pharmaceutical analysis 药物化学pharmaceutical chemistry 药物排泄drug excretion 药物吸收drug absorption 药物相互作用drug interaction 药物消除drug elimination 药物蓄积drug accumulation 药物学pharmacology; materia medica 药物遗传学pharmacogenetics 药效动力

30、学pharmacodynamics 药源性疾病drug-induced diseases 乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase 抑菌活性bacteriostatic activity 抑菌作用bactriostasis 异构酶isomerase 营养素nutrient 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 16 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载硬膏剂plaster 有效半衰期effective halt 有效率effective rate 有效浓

31、度effective concentration 右旋糖dextrose 右旋体dextrorotatory form 阈剂量threshold dose 载体carrier 皂甙saponins 脂质体liposome 直肠给药rectal administration 直线相关linear correlation 纸型片剂oral medicaed soluble paper 致癌实验carcinogenic test 致癌物carcinogen 致畸试验teratogenic test 致畸物teratogen 致敏试验sensitization test 致敏作用sensitizati

32、on 致死量fatal dose; lethal dose 制剂preparation 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 17 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载制剂学technology of pharmaceutics 制药化学pharmaceutical chemistry 治疗等效（值）therapeutic equivalence 治疗量therapeutic dose 治疗药物临测therapeutic drug monitoring; tdm 治疗指数therapeutic index t

33、i 治疗作用therapeutic action 中毒intoxication; poisoning 中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准drug standard of ministry of public health of the peoples republic of china 中间体intermediate 助滤剂filter aid 助溶剂complex solubilizer 助悬剂suspending agent 自身免疫autoimmunity 组胺histamine 最大耐受剂量maximal tolerable dose; ldo 最大无作用剂量maxial noneffect

34、ive dose; edo 最小显著差数least significant difference 最小有效量minimal effective dose 最小致死剂量minimal lethal dose;mld 左旋糖levulose 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 18 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载左旋体levorotatory form 佐剂adjuvant absolute lethal dose绝对致死剂量absorption rate constant吸收速率常数acetylchol

35、ine乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶activation激活作用activator激活剂acute toxicity test急性毒性实验addition相加作用additive附加剂additive effect累加效应；相加作用adenosine phosphate腺苷磷酸adjuvant佐剂adrenergic nerve肾上腺素能神经adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adverse reaction不良反应aerogel气凝胶aerosol气溶胶；气雾剂albumin microballoons白蛋白微球制剂alkali-pois

36、oning碱中毒alkaloid生物碱alkalosis碱中毒allergic reaction变态反应allergy变态反应精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 19 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer药品负责期anaphylactic drug reaction过敏性药物反应anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anatoxin类毒素antagonism拮抗作用antibacterial spectr

37、um抗菌谱antibody抗体antigen抗原antipode对映体antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素aqua regia王水aromatic compound芳族化合物artificial antigen人工合成抗原artificial immunization人工免疫astringent收敛药autoimmunity自身免疫bactericidal activity杀菌活性bactericidal effect杀菌作用bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriostatic activity抑菌活性bactriostasis抑菌作用becquerel贝克勒尔bioava

38、ilability生物利用度biochemistry生物化学精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 20 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载biogenic amine生物胺biological half life生物半衰期biological product生物制品biometrics生物统计学biometry生物统计学biopharmacy生物药剂学blood coagulation血液凝固blood concentration血药浓度blood products血液制品blood volume expa

39、nder血容量扩充剂blood-cerebral barrier血脑屏障body fluid体液body surface area体表面积broad-spectrum antibiotic广谱抗生素carcinogen致癌物carcinogenic test致癌实验carrier载体catecholamine儿茶酚胺cellular immunity细胞免疫chelating agent螯合剂chemical analysis化学分析chemical disinfection化学消毒法chemical physics化学物理学chemotherapy化学药物治疗chewable tablets

40、嚼用片精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 21 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载chiral drug手性药物chlinical pharmacy临床药学cholinesterase胆碱酯酶chronaxia时值chronaxy时值chronic toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronopharmacology时辰药理学chronosusceptability时间感受性chronotherapy时间治疗cipher prescription协定处方clinical pharmacology临床

41、药理学coated tablet包衣片coefficient of diffusion扩散系数coenzyme辅酶cold-storage冷藏complement补体complement system补体系统complete antigen完全抗原complex solubilizer助溶剂concentration浓度content uniformity含量均匀度controlled release preparation控释制剂covalent bond共价键crude drugs生药；天然药物cumulative urinary excretion curves累积尿排泄曲线精品学习资料

42、 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 22 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载cytotoxic hexitols己糖醇细胞毒剂date of expiration药品有效期desiccant干燥剂detoxication解毒作用dextrorotatory form右旋体dextrose右旋糖diffusion扩散directed pharmaceutical preparations定向药物制剂discontinuous sterilization间歇灭菌法disintegrants崩解剂disintegratio

43、n崩解度dispensing pharmacy调剂学dissolution溶解dissolvent溶剂dissolving溶解dosage剂量dosage form剂型dosage regimen or dose rate给药方案或给药速度dose剂量dose or concentration dependency剂量或浓度的依存性dosing interval给药间隔double-blind technique双盲法drug absorption药物吸收drug accumulation药物蓄积drug administration law药品管理法精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - -

44、 - - - - - - - - - - - 第 23 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载drug batch number药品批号drug combination合并用药drug distribution药物分布drug elimination药物消除drug excretion药物排泄drug interaction药物相互作用drug metablic enzyme药物代谢酶drug metabolism药物代谢drug reaction药物反应drug sensitive test药敏试验drug standard药品质量标准drug standard

45、 of ministry of public health of the peoples republic of china中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准drug tolerance耐药性drug-induced diseases药源性疾病drug-time curve药时曲线drying agent干燥剂edo最大无作用剂量effect效应effective concentration有效浓度effective halt有效半衰期effective rate有效率effector效应器；效应物electrolyte电解质electrolyzation电解elimination rate con

46、stant消除速率常数精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 24 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载endotoxin内毒素enteric coating肠溶衣enteric controlled release tablets肠溶控释片enterohepatic circulation肠肝循环environmental pharmacology环境药理学enzyme酶equivalent law当量定律equivalent weight当量essential aminoacid必需氨基酸essential

47、 drugs基本药物essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸ethnopharmacology人种药理学etiological treatment对因治疗excipients辅料excitability兴奋性exotoxin外毒素expiry date药品有效期extravascular administration血管外给药fatal dose致死量fermentation发酵film-coating薄膜衣filter aid助滤剂filtration过滤first pass effect of hepar肝首过效应first-pass effect首过效应精品学习资料 可选择p

48、d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 25 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载freezing冷冻gamma rays丙种射线gas analysis气体分析gene基因geneva nomenclature日内瓦命名法gluconeogenesis糖异生作用glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glycolysis酵解gram molecular weight克分子量gram-atom克原子gram-equivalent number克当量数gram-equivalent weig

49、ht克当量gram-mol克分子gram-molecule克分子growth curve生长曲线half lethal dose半数致死剂量half life time半衰期half-life period半衰期halogenide卤化物haptene半抗原hemolysis溶血histamine组胺holonzyme and prosthetic group全酶与辅基hormone激素humoral immunity体液免疫精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 26 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载hy

50、drolysis水解（作用）hyperreactivity高敏性immuno inhibitor免疫抑制剂immunoenhancement免疫增强剂immunogenicity免疫原性immunosuppressant免疫抑制剂implants埋植剂incomplete antigen不完全抗原indirect carcinogenesis间接致癌individual differences个体差异性individual variation个体差异性industrial pharmacy工业药剂学inhalation吸入法innocuity test method安全试验法intermedi

51、ate中间体intoxication中毒intracorporal process of drugs药物的体内过程intrathecal injection鞘内注射intravascular administration血管内给药isomerase异构酶isotonic solution等张溶液isotope同位素janbons syndromejanbon综合症lag time时滞ld100绝对致死剂量精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 27 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载ld50半数致死剂量ldo

52、最大耐受剂量least significant difference最小显著差数lethal dose致死量levorotatory form左旋体levulose左旋糖light quantum光量子limit date of using a drug after its production药品使用期limulus amebocyte lysate assay for endotoxin内毒素鲎试剂测定法linear correlation直线相关liniments搽剂liposome脂质体long term toxicity test长期毒性实验；慢性毒性实验low density li

53、poprotein低密度脂蛋白lysozyme溶菌酶macromolecule大分子magnetic controlled release dosage form磁性控释制剂magnetic medicinal preparations磁性药物制剂materia medica药物学maxial noneffective dose最大无作用剂量maximal tolerable dose最大耐受剂量median lethal dose半数致死剂量mediator介质medical colloidal solution胶体溶液型药剂medium介质精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - -

54、 - - - - - - - - - 第 28 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载mesomer内消旋体microsomal enzyme微粒体酶minimal effective dose最小有效量minimal lethal dose最小致死剂量mixture合剂mld最小致死剂量mol fraction concentration摩尔分数浓度molal comcentration克分子浓度molar comcentratin克分子浓度molar fraction克分子分数molar volume摩尔分子体积molarity摩尔浓度mole摩尔mole v

55、olume摩尔分子体积molecular biology分子生物学molecular disease分子病molecular pharmacology分子药理学molecular solution分子溶液monoclonal antibody单克隆 抗体multifunctional enzyme多功能酶multiple dose administration多剂量给药mutation突变natural antibody天然抗体natural antigen天然抗原natural drugs天然药物精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 29

56、 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载natural immunity天然免疫neurotoxin神经毒素nitrite poisoning亚硝酸盐中毒nitrohydrochloric acid王水non-essential amino acid非必需氨基酸nondepolarizer非去极化型肌松药normal solution当量溶液normality当量浓度nucleotide核苷酸nutrient营养素ocular inserts眼用膜剂official formula法定处方oligosaccharides低聚糖oral administration

57、口腔内给药oral medicaed soluble paper纸型片剂osmotic pressure渗透压parts per billion concentrationppb 浓度parts per hundred concentrationpph 浓度parts per hundred million concentrationpphm 浓度parts per million concentrationppm 浓度passive immunity被动免疫passive transport被动转运peak concentration of drug药峰浓度peak time of drug

58、药峰时间penetration enhancers穿透促进剂精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 30 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载percentage concentration百分浓度phagocytosis吞噬作用pharmaceutical analysis药物分析pharmaceutical chemistry药物化学pharmaceutical equivalence药剂等效性pharmaceutics药剂学pharmacodynamics药效动力学pharmacogenetics药物遗传学pharmacokinetics model药物动力学模型pharmacology药理学；药物学physical dependence身体依赖性physical pharmaceutics物理药剂学pill滴丸剂placebo安慰剂plasma血浆plasma protein binding ratio血浆蛋白结合率plasma substitute血浆代用液plaster硬膏剂poisoning中毒polyose多糖polypeptide多肽potency效价；效价强度potency unit效价单位powerful drug剧药prepar