“侨福芳草地”空调节能设计策略深化与实施

1、“侨福芳草地力空调节能设计策略深化与实施DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING IN PARKVIEW GREEN FANGCAODI黄季宜.高级工程师主任工程师北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司 Hua ng. Jiyi, Senior engineer. Project Engineer, BIAD夏令操，教授级高级工程师公司副总工程师北京市建筑设计硏究院有限公司Xia, Lingcao, Professor senior engineerr Associate Principl

2、e Architect.BIAD张娴，高级工程师北京市建筑设计硏究院有限公司/ Zhang, Xian. Senior Engineer. BIAD王威高级工程师主任工程师北京市建筑设计硏究院有限公司Wang, Wei, Senior Engineer, Project Engineer, BIAD英文许嘉译English translation by Carmen Xu引INTRODUCTION44侨福芳草地”的设计目标是一个可持续生态环境设计，其目 的是能够为各种不同的商业活动提供适言的环境.同时通过采 用多种主动和被动设计策略以减小建筑整体能耗和运行费用， 实现低能耗设计。Parkvie

3、w Green was designed to be a project with sustainable ecological environment to offer feasible venues for different commercial events. Meanwhile, the overall energy con sumption and operation cost of the project can be lowered through active and passive design strategies.与一些在初步设计或施工图阶段采用芳支术拼姑穩的绿色建筑

4、不同，侨福芳草地”项目早在其槪念设计阶段即引入了可持 续设计理念，一系列的设计策賂提高了项目的可持续性，其中 与空调能耗紧密相关的设计策略主要包括环保罩设计、冷辐射 吊顶空调系统、地板送风系统、办公楼复合通风系统轸。在 IDA和ARUP的方案设计及初步设计垠础上.BIAD在施工图 阶段对上述空凋系统节能设计策BS逬行了深化并最终实施。Different from many other green buildings which applied the technique collage" during definitive design and construction drawin

5、gs design. the Parkview Green FangCaodi was introduced with sustainable design idea at concept phase A serial of design strategies optimized the sustainability. within which the most relevant to the enerqy consumption of air condition are the design of environmental envelope, the CRCP (Ceiling Radia

6、nt Cooling Pan els) air-conditi oninq system, under-floor system, complex ventilati on system for office, etc. Based on the results of schematic design and design development from IDA and ARUP, BIAD developed the strategies mentioned above in construction drawings and环保对内部禮筑空调冷热负荷的影响implemented them

7、 eventually.环保罩是这个项目的主要特征，它是一个高度超过80m的结 构，立面采用单层玻璃，屋顶采用ETFE半透明頤。侨福芳草THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENVELOPE TO THE INTERNAL COOLING AND HEATING LOAD地的四栋建筑被包夷在环保罩内，处于一个可控的微气候环境 中。环保置对其内部建筑的太阳辐射得热、对流及温差传热得 热等均有显螯彫响'The environmental envelope is the key feature of the project. It is a structure ov

8、er 80m high with single-layered glass on the facade and the semi-transparent ETFE membrane on the roof. The four towers of Parkview Green FangCaoDi are enveloped by the由于四栋建筑处于环保罩包11的准室内环境中，常用的空调负 荷计算软件无法准确计算环保罩内建筑物的围护结构冷热负 荷。本项目采用建筑动态模拟分析软件.对环保罩内四栋建筑 的围护结构冷负荷逬行了计算.并分析了环保罩对围护结构 冷热负荷的影响。图1给出了有无环保罩两种工

9、况下，夏季设 计日各朝向围护结构冷负荷的计算结果。从图1可以看岀，由 于环保罩对太阳辐射的遮挡作用，夏季各朝向围护结构冷负荷 均有所下降，东、西朝向下降尤其显善。图1还给出了四栋建 筑EJ向中庭的内侧围沪结构冷负向。由于四栋建筑的内侧围沪 结构处在一个与外部气象条件相对隔高的微气候环境中，太阳 辐射得煤、对流及温更传热得徂均显蕃减少，其围护结构冷负environ mental en velope within a controllable micro climate The cover has caused great impact on the heat gain, convection a

10、nd heat transfer under temperature differente.Because the four towers are under the sub-internal space wrapped by the coven the cooling and heating load of the building env elop in side the cover cannot be precisely calculated by regular analysis system In this project, we applied the building envir

11、onment design simulation software to calculate the cooling and heating load of the building envelops of the four towers as well as the effect of the green cover on the load Chart 1 shows the results in summer with and without the coven from which we can find that the cooling load on each direction o

12、f the building envelop In summer is decreasing because the cover can somehow keep out the solar radiati on, especially the east and west parts Chart 1 also shows the cooling load of the inner sides of the building envelop that facingM； 180 WWW®1.祥保对护fit耳冷AAI9BChart 1 the Tffect of the Environme

13、ntal Envelope on the Cooling Load of lhe Building Envelop2. Chirt 2 the Effect of the Environmental Envelope on the Heating Load of the Building Envelcp荷与无环保罩时的北侧朝向相当。同理可分析环保箪对四栋建筑冬季围护结构热负荷的診响，分 析结果如图2所示。冬季环保罩的温室效应，显蔷提高了内部 建筑围护结构四周的空气温度，减小了温差传忍负荷，因此各 朝向围护结构煤负荷与无环保罩相比均有所下降面向中庭的 内側围护结构热负荷下降尤其显著O环保中庭猱环

14、填分析及空调系统设计为了提高环保罩对室内微气候环境的调节作用，环保进底部、 中部及顶部均设首了可开启的自然通风口。在不同季节，通过 控制上述自然通风口的开启和关闭，可以达到调节室内热环境 的目的。北京春秋季节室外温度适宜，通过开启环保31底部自然逬风口 及上部自然排风口.利用担庄件用实现自然通风，可以改善中 庭、购物层开放式走道及空中花园的热舒适性，同时可减少办 公楼层的空调运行时间。当室外温度为20®氏度时在没有 空调制冷的情况下，环保罩内中庭底部、中部及顶部温度分别 约为21摄氏度，23摄氏度及25摄氏度。夏季强烈的太阳辐射和较高的室外温度导致环保罩内部至间的 徂舒适性变差，为了

15、减少内部空间的体握聚集，环保罩中部及 顶部所有自然通风口全部打开，排除内部煤空气。当室外温度 为35®氏度时，环保罩内中庭底部、中部及顶部溫度分别约 为37摄氏度.38摘氏度及41摄氏度"对于环保罩内的四栋建 筑而盲，环保罩与内部建筑薦墙构成了双II墙结构，在夏季可以 减小内部建筑的太BE辐射得热，降低内部房间的空调冷负荷冬季室外温度较低时，环保罩上部及底部自然通风口全部关闭，此 时环保罩成为一个温妄，區著提离了内部建倾8护结构四周的空气 温度，减小了内部房间的供暖负荷。当室外温度为10摄氏度时， 环保罩内中庭底§8及顶部温度分别约为0摄氏度及7摄氏度。the a

16、trium Because they were placed in a micro climate which is relatively isolated from the external climate, the former shares significontly reduced the heat gain from solar radiation, convection, the heat gain and transfer under differentiated temperatures, thus the cooling load of the inner sides of

17、the building envelop under the cover is almost the same as the north side without the cover.Based on the same rule, we can analyze the effect of the cover on the heating load of the building envelop in winter, as shown in chart 2. The greenhouse effect caused by the environmental envelope in winter

18、has significantly increased the temperature around the internal building envelope while reduced the heat load transfer caused by temperature difference, thus, the heating load of the building envelop in all directions is lower than it is without the cover, especially the one facing the atrium.THERMA

19、L ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM DESIGN OF THE ATRIUMIn order to further accommodate the interior micro climate by the environmental envelope, operable windows for natural ventilation were set at the bottom, middle area and top of the cover. The windows can be shut or opened in dif

20、ferent seasons to accommodate the internal thermal environment.In the spri ng and winter of Beijing with proper outdoor temperatures, the air in takes in the bottom of the cover and the air outlets in the top of the cover can be opened to form natural ventilation by heat pressure, which can help to improve the thermal comfort in the atrium, the open passages in shopping mall floors and the sky garden. The operation hours of the air-conditioning in offi