初中语法一般现在时和现在进行时讲解、练习含答案

1、【一般现在时】一、定义与讲解：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 通常与副词every day（每天），always（总是）,usually（通常）,often（经常）sometimes（有时）hardly ever（几乎不）等时间状语连用。例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。Marys father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。She plays s

2、ports every day. 她每天都做运动。（3）表示客观现实。The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。（4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。（5）表示平日的喜好。I like bananas. We dont like vegetables. She doesnt like stra

3、wberries.二只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，其他人称用动词原形。 动词三单形式的变化规则：1.（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s. play plays like likes ask-asks work-works get-gets call-calls（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes do-does go-goes （3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变化：

4、be- is have-has dodoes三、一般现在时的句子转换：（1）变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面，（口诀：一调二变三问号）; I am her sister.- Are you her sister?She can play chess.-Can she play chess?（2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not莫忘记)例：陈述句：She is my sister.疑问句 Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, Im not.否定句

5、She is not my sister.陈述句：I can play soccer.疑问句 Can you play soccer? Yes, I can./ No, I cant.否定句 I can not /cant play soccer. 注意：对一般疑问句的回答：一般用什么问就用什么来回答。但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isnt.Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isnt.Are these your parents? Yes, they are./ No, they

6、arent.Are those Jims brothers? Yes, they are./ No, they arent.（3）当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，在主语前借助动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does（第三人称单数she,he,it等）变问句；（口诀：一借二变三问号）I like English.-Do you like English?He has three basketball.-Does he have basketball?（4）变否定句时，在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont, doesnt变成否定句，切记：助动词后的动词则还原成

7、动词原形。例：陈述句：We get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning.疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a brother.疑问句 Does she have a brother? 否定句 She doesnt have a brother. 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。【分清哪些主语是第三人称单数】 现归纳总结如下： 一、人称代词he, she, i

8、t是第三人称单数。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。Han Mei likes salad . 韩梅喜欢萨拉。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔经常打排球。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is re

9、d. The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。That is an eraser.五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。The milk（牛奶） is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very sm

10、all. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。一、 按照要求改写句子 1This is my pencil ? (变一般疑问句) your pencil ? Yes,_ _. / No, _ _2. These red socks are Kates . (变一般疑问句) socks Kates ? Yes,_ _. / No, _ _3. Mary does not h

11、ave any books . (变肯定句) some books . 4. She likes the black bag very much . (变为否定句) 5. I like apples. (用she改写句子) 6. Its an English dictionary . (对画线部分提问) . 7. He has hamburger and apples for dinner . (变一般疑问句) 8.Tom likes play the piano.（变否定句） 9. Mary does her homework every day.（变一般疑问句） 10. My good f

12、riend can speak English. （变一般疑问句） 二、用Be动词填空。 1. you Li Fen ? No, not . 2. Mr. green very busy? Yes , he . 3.This book very interesting . 4. What class you in ? 5. You and I good friends . 6. The basketball club fun . 三用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Lin Tao (like) his ruler . 2. Lets (have) ice cream . 3. Lets (pl

13、ay) tennis ! 4. He (like) English. 5. Nice (meet) you ! 6. I (need) some fruits. 四、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 have like drink _ go _ stay _ study_ _ teach_make _look _have_ come_be_watch_ plant_ fly _ do_ listen_play_一般现在时练习一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class

14、 One.3. We_(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) pears?6. _ your parents _(have) eggs every day?7. There _(be) some water in the bottle.8. Mike _(like) cooking. 9. Liu Tao _ _(do) not like PE.10. This boy often _(watch) TV in the evening.二、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确

15、的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _ _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、改写句子。1. He is Johnny. (改为一般疑问句) 2. These are his parents. (改为一般疑问句) 3. He has a tennis racket. (改为一般疑问句) 4. He c

16、an play the baseball. (改为一般疑问句)_5. I have some baseball bats. (改为一般疑问句) 6. She has many things to do today. (改为一般疑问句) 7. I like hamburgers . (改为一般疑问句) 8. They have a TV. (改为一般疑问句) 9. You are Tina. (改为否定句) 10. These are my brothers. (改为否定句) 11. The books are on the bookcase. (改为否定句) 12.Three book are

17、 under the desk. (改为否定句) 13.She has a computer game. (改为否定句) 14.We have a big TV in our house. (改为否定句) 15.Kate has some money in her pocket. (改为否定句) 16.He likes ice cream. (改为否定句) 17. Nice to meet you! (写出答语) 18. Is that a dictionary ?(改为复数句) _19. These are photos. (改为单数句) 20. Is he your cousin? (作肯

18、定回答) 21.Is Linda his sister? (作否定回答) 22.Is this a Chinese book? (作否定回答)_【现在进行时】一、现在进行时的含义 现在进行时是由“助动词be(am, is, are)动词-ing”构成，表示说话者“此刻”或现阶段正在进行的行为。二、现在进行时的基本结构1肯定句：主语+ be(am, is, are)+ doing（现在分词）+其他.I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通电话。He is playing tennis. 他正在打网球。 My parents are dancing. 我

19、父母正在跳舞。2否定句：主语+be not+ doing（现在分词）+其他.I'm not studying. 我没在学习。 She is not reading now. 现在她不是在看书。They are not writing. 他们没在写。3一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+ doing（现在分词）+其他 ？(1) Is she still helping Li Ling? 她还在帮助李玲吗？ Yes, she is. 是的。No, she isn't. 不，她没在帮李玲。(2) Are you listening to music? 你正在听音乐吗？ Yes, I am.

20、是的。/No, I'm not. 不，我没有听音乐。4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+ doing（现在分词）+其他 ？ What are you studying? 你正在学什么？ I'm studying English. 我在学英语。 What is Mike doing? 迈克在做什么？-He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比赛。三、 现在分词的变化规则1.一般在动词末尾加-ing, 如：think-_go-_ see-_2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing，如： come-_make-_3.以重读闭音

21、节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing, 如： put-_ run-_ forget-_四、现在进行时的基本用法1表示此时此刻(说话者)正在进行的动作。The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。What are you doing now? 你现在干什么呢？2表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。We are doing an experiment this week. 我们这个星期正在做一个实验。(但说话时并不一定在做实验。)3现在进行时有时可用来表示将来发生

22、的动作，这一用法常用于go, come, leave, start 等短暂性动词，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语 (如tomorrow, tonight, this morning/Friday等)，表示安排或计划好的事情。例如：We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我们明天启程去上海。4现在进行时表示说话时正发生的或者正进行的动作。常与时间状语 now , at the moment 等连用。It is raining hard now . Don't hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please

23、 turn down the radio ?Watch out (当心) ! It's falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .5.表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。We are going to Rome next week . Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?6用在时间和条件状语从句中表达将来正进行的动作。I'll telephone you tomorrow while I'm w

24、aiting .I'll think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner when I pass , I'll give you a lift into town .五、现在进行时的练习题 按要求改写句子The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_对“is playing

25、basketball”提问：_对“ The boy”提问：_They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_对“are singing ”提问：_对“ in the classroom”提问：_4.she,the window ,open, now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)_6.is,who,the window, cleaning?(连词成句)_7. The children are playing games near the

26、 house.(就划线部分提问)_8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_9.You are doing your homework.(用“I”作主语改写句子)_10.they,the tree, sing, now, under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)_II.单项选择( )1.我在照看孩子.(A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby.(C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friend's making _a kite.(A)I, me (B)My, my(C)My, me (D)His, his( )3