小学语文教学中口语交际能力的培养策略

1、全口制义务教育语文课程标准（实验稿）在课程总目标中明确指岀，语文课程要使 学生“具有h常口语交际的基本能力，在各项交际活动屮学会倾听、表达与交流，初步学会 文明地进行人际沟通和社会交往，发展合作精神”，全国各所小淫在这一思想指导下，把语 文改革的关注点和焦点都放在语文教学内容改变和学生口语交际能力培养方面。但是，传统 语文教学基木是注重课木知识的教授和掌握，往往重视读写而忽视听说，对学生口语交际能 力培养和考查基本不受重视。一、小学语文教学屮口语交际培养的意义冃前，许多小学釆取有效措施改革传统语文课堂教学内容,在小学语文教学中培养学生 口语交际能力。这一做法不仅体现出“以牛为本、学牛主体”的教

2、育思想，更是本着对学生 负责，对学牛将來负责的宗旨，同时是学牛白身发展的需要、国家社会的需要。小学语文教 学屮培养学生口语交际能力的意义具体表现在以下几个方面：（一）对新课程改革的推动作用。语文新课程标准对九年义务教育口语教学提出了总目标及具体要求，如在课堂上耐 心专注地倾听，并且学说普通话，逐步养成讲普通话的习惯。1能认真听别人讲话，努力了 解讲话的主要内容。2.听故事、看音像作品，能复述大意和自己感兴趣的情节。3.能校完整 地讲述小故事，能简要讲述自己感兴趣的见闻。4.与别人交谈，态度白然人方，有礼貌。5. 有表达的自信心。积极参加讨论，敢于发表自己的意见。以实现这些目标为目的，対传统语

3、文教学内容进行改革，对新课程改革具有十分重要的推动作用。（二）促进学生索质教育实施。教师长期受传统教育思想束缚，往往忽视学牛主体性培养和发挥，使学生受到太多限制 和束缚，不利于学生发展。全日制义务教育语文课程标准（实验稿）扌启lh “语文课程应 致力于学生语文素养形成与发展。语文素养是学生学好其他课程的基础，是学生全面发展和 终身发展的基础。”由此可见在小学语文教学屮培养学住的口语交际能力对促进学生语文索 养形成和促进学生素质教育实施产生重婆影响。并且在一定程度上促进学生学习语文的主动 性发展和激发学生学习语文的兴趣。（三）满足新教冇实验的需要。新教育实验的主要内容z是双语口才训练，其中具体要

4、求是：重视学生口才和交际能 力培养，学会说话，学会交际，培养学牛具备终牛受益的口头表达能力。为此，学校口语交 际教学己经到了十分紧急的时刻，各学校语文教师应把口语交际教学作为重要教学内容之一, 突破传统教学思想与语文教学内容，不能忽视。二、小学生口语交际能力的培养策略培养小学生的口语交际能力方法很多，语文教师要及时更新观念，提高认识水平，有深 入探究和改进自己教育教学方法的意识，不断改进小学语文口语交际教学策略，在课堂上创 设交际情境,为学生创造口语交际的实践机会。这样才能切实增强学生的口语交际能力培养 效果。笔者结合多年教学经验与实际教学情况给出以下意见和建议：（一）树立良好的心理，培养学生

5、参与意识。害羞心理、白闭心理、依赖心理等心理障碍让一些学生不敢在课堂上主动发言、m答问 题。因此，教师要在课堂上帮助学生克服这些心理障碍树立良好的心理，提高口语交际能力， 并口注重培养他们的课堂参与意识。教师可以从以下几点出发：1与学生平等相处，教师必 须让学生认识到，交流过程屮，学生与教师处于平等地位，让学生敢于在教师面前发言；2. 营造出融洽、和谐的课堂氛围，这样的课堂氛围能够有效帮助学牛消除心屮的障碍，敢于在 他人面前发言。3.教师须为学生创造良好的交际环境，让学生成为交际和课堂学习的主人。 帮助学生调整心理，培养学牛说话兴趣和参与课堂交流的意识，增强学生说话训练的自觉性 和捉高说话能力

6、的白信心。（二）创设情境，激发口语交际兴趣。进行口语交际训练时，注重激发学生的学习兴趣，激发他们的自觉性，这就为学生口语 交际能力培养奠定了基础。教师创设相关情境，是激发学牛口语交际兴趣的重要途径。创设 情境的方法有以下儿种：1 利用多媒体等手段创设情境。让学生眼前有真实的情境，有了真切的感受，才会有表 达的欲望。采用多媒体创设情境，直观形象。如教学岳阳楼记这课时，将洞庭湖的美景 制作成课件在电脑屮出现，然后投放到屏幕上，文屮或是风和fi丽、春和景明或是淫雨霏釜、 连月不开的景物一目了然，学生犹如身临其境，准确说岀课文屮每一句话所写的景物是什么。 并让学生用自己的语言把景物描绘一下，口语交际能

7、力在无形中得到了锻炼。2利用课文表演创设情境。学牛对内容有趣、情节牛动的课文尤为感兴趣，教师应抓住 学生这一心理特点，在朗读课文后把分角色朗读和表演的权利放给学生。比如，学习核舟 记和范进屮举时，以小组为单位，小组长为主持人和策划者，带领小纟r成员分角色朗 读课文，进行表演，互相评议、取长补短。学生把核舟上苏、黄、佛印的神情表演得非常到 位，把范进的疯态演绎得恰到好处。这样在讨论过程中学生充分表达所感所想，体验到说话 的成功与喜悦。在小学语文教学屮培养学生的口语交际能力任重而道远，让学生在体验屮得到口语交际 能力的培养，创新精神进一步得到发扬，使学生综合索质得到提高，才能达到索质教育的真 正目

8、的。"the full-time compulsory education chinese course standard （experiment draft）" clearly pointed out that in the course overall goal, chinese course will make students "have basic daily oral communication ability, learn to listen in communicative activities, expression and communicat

9、ion, preliminary society civilization to interpersonal communication and social in teraction, developme nt cooperati on spirit*', the cou ntry eleme ntary school in un der the guida nee of this idea, put all the language focus and the focus of the reform of chin ese teachi ng content change and

10、students to cultivate the students' oral communication ability. however, the traditional chinese teachi ng is basic pay atte ntion to the professor and master textbook knowledge, attach importanee to reading and writing and often neglected heard, to investigate students' oral communication a

11、bility and basic valuesfirst, the significanee of primary school chinese teaching of oral communication trainingat present, many primary schools to take effective measures to reform the traditional chin ese classroom teachi ng content, trai ning stude nts1 oral comm un icati on ability in chin ese t

12、eachi ng in elem en tary school. this approach not only reflects the hbor n for this, the stude nts" education ideas, more in line with the responsible for the students, for students in the future is responsible for the purpose, and is the need of the development of students themselves, the cou

13、ntry*s social n eeds. primary school chin ese teachi ng in training stude nts° oral comm un icatio n ability sign讦icance embodied in the following aspects:(a) of the new curriculum reform."the ianguage new curriculum standarct spoken of nine-year compulsory education teaching puts forward

14、total target and spec讦ic requirements, such as patience to listen attentively in class, and speak mandarin, gradually form the habit of speaking mandarin. 1. can liste n to other people talk, try to un dersta nd the main con tent of the speech. 2. liste n to your story, watching video works, can rep

15、eat the effect and they are interested in the plot 3. can be fully small story, can tell interesting stories, briefly 4. talking to others, attitude toward nature and gen erous, polite. 5. have expressed confide nee. take an active part in discussion, dare to express their opinion. to achieve these

16、goals, for the purpose of the traditional chin ese teachi ng content reform, the new curriculum reform plays a very important role.(2) to promote students' quality education.teachers be restricted by the traditional education thought for a long time, often neglecting the students' subjectivi

17、ty and play, so that the students are too many restrict!ons and bondage, unfavorable to students development. "full-time compulsory education chinese course standard (experiment draft)11 pointed out: “chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of studentss chinese acc

18、omplishment. chinese accomplishment is the foundation of students to learn other courses, and is the foundation of the students' all-round development and lifelong development." thus it can be seen in the primary school chinese teaching to cultivate students1 ability of oral communication t

19、o improve the students" chinese accomplishment and promote students' quality education. and to a certain extent, promote the students" iinitiative of learning the language development and arouse the students' interest in learning the ianguage(3) meet the needs of the new education

20、experiment.new bilingual education experiment is one of the main content of eloquence trainin已 spec讦ic requirements are: attach importanee to students* eloquenee and interpersonal skills training, learning to speak, to learn communication, training studentstifelong learning ability in oral expressio

21、 n. to this end, the school oral commu nicati on teachi ng has reached a very critical jun cture, each school chin ese teachers should put the oral communicatio n teachi ng as one of the importa nt teachi ng conten ts, break the traditi onal thought and language teachi ng content, teachi ng cannot b

22、e ignored.second, the pupils oral communication ability training strategycultivating pupils* oral communication ability method are many, the language teacher should update ideas, improve the level of understanding, further exploration and improvement of the con sciousness of educati on teachi ng met

23、hod, improving primary school chin ese oral communication teaching strategy, create communication situation in the classroom, create oral communication practice opportunities for students. in this way can effectively enhance students' oral communication ability training effect the author combine

24、d with years of experience in teaching and practical teachi ng of the followi ng comme nts and suggesti ons are give n:(a) establish good psychological, and cultivate students1 consciousness of participation.shy psychology, autistic psychological, rely on psychological disorders, such as let some st

25、udents did not dare to take the initiative to speak in class, answer this question. therefore, the teacher in the classroom to help students overcome these psychological barrier to establish good psychological, improve the oral communication ability, and pay attention to cultivate their consciousnes

26、s of class participation. teacher can start from the following points: 1 the equals with students, teachers must let students know that the process of communication, students and teachers in equal status, let students dare to speak in front of the teacher; 2. build a harmonious and harmonious classr

27、oom atmosphere, classroom atmosphere can effectively help students to eliminate obstacles of the heart, dare to speak in front of others. 3 the teacher must create good communication environment for students, let the students become the master of communication and classroom learning. to help student

28、s adjust psychology, cultivate the students1 interest in speaking and participate in classroom communication consciousness, strengthen students speaki ng con fide nee con scious ness and improve the ability of speaki ng(2) the establishment situation, stimulate interest in oral communication.oral co

29、mmunication training, pay attention to stimulate students' interest in learning, stimulate their self-consciousness, it has paved the way for the students' oral communication ability. teachers create related situation, it is important way to in spire the stude nts' i nterest in oral comm

30、 un icatio n. the method of establishment situatio n has the following kin ds:1. utilizing the means such as multimedia establishment situation. amazed students with real situation, there is a genuine feeling, just can have expressed desire uses the multimedia establishme nt situation,www.xueyuanpai

31、. net the visual image. such as teachi ng the class, nthe yueyang tower11 to the beauty of the dongting lake make the courseware in the computec and then into the screen, or beautiful, chunhejingh/ling or rainy, even a month without opening the scene at a glance, the students like, tell what is every word written by the scene in the text. and let the students use their own ianguage describing seenery, oral communication ability in virtually get exercise2. use the text establishment situa