第一讲高中英语动词时态讲解

1、高中英语动词时态动词时态动词用以表示动作或存在状态。有人称和数的变化，有时态、语态和语气的特征。一、动词时态-* 用不同的动词形式来表示不同时间里以不同方式状态发生的动作或存在。* 时有，现在、过去、将来、过去将来；态有，一般、进行、完成、完成进行。* 英语句子中，通过谓语动词的形式变化来指示动作的时间和状态，还有时间状语来参照帮助说明动作的时间和状态。二、构成公式 时态现在过去将来过去将来一般* 动词原形* 第三人称单数+ sam, is, are, / v，v-edoften, every day, always, sometimes, once a week,on Sundays.* 动

2、词过去式(v-ed/ was, were)yesterday, last year, just now, in 1987, two years ago, at that time (moment)shall + 动词原形will (be / v)be going to, be tobe about totomorrow, next week, in the future, later, next time should +动词原形would (be / v)was/ were going towas/ were to,was/were about to常用于宾语从句或间接引语中进行amis +

3、 v-ingarenow, at this moment, at present, （look, listen）was + v-ingwerethen, at this /that time at 10 o yesterday, last nightshall + be + v-ingwillshould + be + v-ingwould完成have + 过去分词has (been / v-ed)just, already, never, yet, ever, once, lately, by this time, before, since, for a long timehad + 过去

4、分词 (been / v-ed)by, before, when引导的短语或从句。by that time, before, by the end of, by three oclockshall + have+过去分词will (been / v-ed)表将来的时间状语should + have+过去分词would (been / v-ed)表过去将来的时间状语完成进行havehas + been+ v-ing现在完成时强调已经完成，而现在完成进行时强调持续并可能继续持续下去had + been + v-ing以某一特定过去时间为前提。shall + have + v-ingwill sho

5、uld + have + v-ingwould各种时态的句型变化： 1、一般现在时肯定式否定式疑问式 一般疑问式 特殊肯定回答否定回答I study English at home everyday.I am a student in the 12 high school now.（更多的时态）1、 一般现在时 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100oC. Three plus three is six.表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动

6、作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 We always care for each other and help each other. She gets up at six every morning.表示主语的现状、性质、特征、状态时多用系动词或状态动词.He is a student. She hates computer games. The bottle holds a quarter of a pound of ink.Ice feels cold. He is happy. My father is at work.在时间、条件、让步状语从句（when, while, if,

7、even though）中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 When he arrives, he will let you know. Even if it rains, the sports meeting will continue.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arri

8、ve、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，也只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. The plane takes off at 11:00Tomorrow is Wednesday. The meeting begins at seven.一般现在时表正在进行的动作，用于Here comes.，There comes。表达看或听到某种情况感到喜悦、惊讶发出喊叫。Look!

9、 Here flies a sparrow! There goes a thief! How strongly the wind blows!一般现在时代替现在完成时。主要用于say, see, hear, tell, understand, find, remember, read, write等表示互通信息的动词。They tell me its a fantastic film. I hear that you have read As You Like It.表示知觉、态度、感情、的词表示现在发生的动作，不用进行时态，常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、

10、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、 seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 一般现在时用于文章标题、剧本、图片说明等。“Earthquake kills more than 2000 people.”2、 一般过去时 （动词过去式的规则和不规则变化） 表示过去具体时间发生的动作或所处的状态，常与表过去的时间状语连用：last night, yest

11、erday, a few day ago, last year, the other day, at that time, at that moment, in 1999, just now, in old days.The fire broke out during the night. Patrick looked very well when I last saw him. Judy is going to marry the sailor she met in Rome last year. 过去经常、反复发生的动作，频率时间状语连用：always, usually, often, s

12、ometimes, never, regularly.The children often went hungry in the old days. He played tennis regularly for years when he was young. 没有具体时间的过去的动作或情况：I was brought up by my grandparents in the countryside.-Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? - Who wrote it?当叙述某一动作或状态在过去持续了一段时间后终止，或者在过去某段时间发生了

13、若干次时，用一般过去时，而不用现在完成时。I lived in London for many years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to China. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中或表过去将来的动作（过去时背景下的主将从现）She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.Melissa told me that immediately she arrived, she would ring me up. 在谈及已去世的人时多用过去时：L

14、uxun was a great writer. 常用一般过去时的句型： since-They have been friends ever since they were in primary school.Why didnt you think of that? I didnt notice it. I didnt recognize him. I forgot to tell you I had been there before. used to do sth- Tom used to play football.3、 一般将来时 将来要发生的动作或状态，用will / shall +

15、动词（与表将来的时间状语tomorrow、next week, in the future, later,等连用）。 Next week we will take part in the Olympic Games. I will be better next time表示一种趋向或习惯动作，或将来某一时间内经常反复发生的动作。 Well die without air or water. I will come and see you every month next year.表示位置转移的瞬间动词如come、go、start、begin、leave、arrive、return、do, d

16、ie, lose, fly等常用现在进行时表示预计即将发生的动作。 Were leaving early tomorrow morning. 瞬间性动词用于进行时还可表示 A.动作的反复Having had a bad cold, I am coughing day and night.B.短暂的持续性或非常慢的动作，“慢慢地，渐渐地”。Its time to start now, because day is drawing.be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别： * be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要

17、做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定或意图。 Im going to quit my job. I will open the door.be going to 也可指客观迹象表明将要发生。I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. Its going to rain,be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确) If it is fine,

18、we are going to go fishing.(错误) *be to +动原.按计划安排在具体的时间将发生的动作，或表示命令、禁止，职责，义务，可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon. There is to be a concert on Saturday evening.We are to take care of all these children. No one is to leave the room without permission. *be about to do sth.表示客观“即将

19、，正要”发生的动作，后面不能接具体时间状语，但可以有as或when引导的时间状语从句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. The meeting is about to begin.Im not about to stop when Im so close to success. As I came, she was about to go to the cinema.一些情况下一般现在时可以表将来-见一般现在时讲解。4、 过去将来时would / should + 动词原形，表示从过去来看将要发生的动作和状态，常用于宾从或间接引语。He said he wo

20、uld go to the north for the holiday. I told her I should (would) return the book in a few days.was/were going to 表示过去曾经打算或计划要做的事,或在过去时间里将要发生的客观迹象。I thought it was going to rain. He told me he was going to learn another foreign language.was/were + to + 动词原形, 表示过去安排在具体的时间将发生的动作，或表示命令、禁止，职责，义务，可能性。He s

21、aid he was to finish the work in a week. We were to do whatever they told us to do.was/were + about + to + 动词原形 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.We were about to go into the cinema when Mary appeared.5、 现在进行时 表示说话时正在发生着的动作或状态，常与now, at this moment, at present连用。-Have you got any job off

22、ers? -No. I am waiting. Listen. What language are they speaking? 表示现阶段在进行，但此时此刻不一定正在进行。The workers are building a new factory.Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.表示位置转移的瞬间动词如come、go、start、begin、leave、arrive、return、do, die, lose, fly等常用现在进行时表示预计即将发生的动作。 Were

23、leaving early tomorrow morning. 瞬间性动词用于进行时还可表示 A.动作的反复Having had a bad cold, I am coughing day and night.B.短暂的持续性或非常慢的动作，“慢慢地，渐渐地”。Its time to start now, because day is drawing.与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩-赞扬，同情，不满，好奇等) She is always finding fault

24、with others. He is usually leaving things about. Why are you always coming late for class.hope, want, wonder等少数动词用现在进行时来表示比一般现在时更加委婉的语气。I hope you can come and have supper with us. I am hoping you can come and have supper with us.系表的进行时表示一时的表现（平时不这样）。Tom is being a little impolite. Youre being annoy

25、ing下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、感知，情感的动作：like, love, hate, know, forget, remember, understand, care, think, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：have, has, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, own, possess, belong to, depend on, have on.（C）表示短暂性动作的动词：allow, accept, give, receive, decid

26、e, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感觉的感官动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste。 6、 过去进行时 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。What were you doing at ten oclock last night?常同at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday 连用. 过去某一时间段内发生或频繁发生。 We were discussing the plan the whol

27、e morning yesterday. 用于介绍故事背景。Once an Arab was traveling in the desert. 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，两个同时持续的动作，其中一个是由when或while引导的时间状从。 I was doing my homework while he was listening to music. 我在做作业而他在听音乐。 表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。如：I was reading the newspaper when

28、 the doorbell rang. 我正在看报，突然门铃响了。 与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间频度副词连用，表过去经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩-赞扬，同情，不满，好奇等) He was continually asking her questions. 过去进行时表从过去看将要发生的动作。 He told me he was leaving for Beijing tomorrow.7、 现在完成时（常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already, yet, recently, lately, never,

29、 ever, once, only twice, before, by this time, this morning, since then, since last year, since three years ago, ever since, for a long time, in the past ( last) three years.)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作（暗含因果）。So far this year we have seen a fall in house price by between 5 and 10 percent. Thousands of miles

30、of good roads have joined town and country.表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作，已成为某种经验。I have only been to the Great wall once. All of you have heard of this many times.Have been to 表示“去过”， have gone to 表示“去而未归”。It cant be Jack. He has gone to Beijing.从过去某时开始延续到至今的动作或状态，用于某些延续性动词。可以和for、since引导的状语连用，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：durin

31、g / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。 I have travelled to most of the cities in China since five years ago.在时间、条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时（将来时间背景下的主将从现）He will come as soon as he has finished the homework. Dont get off until the bus has stopped.If you have read the book bef

32、ore I leave, please lend it to me.下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时 8、 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。I had read the book

33、before two days. By the end of last month he had worked in Tianjin for twenty years.The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we had known each other for years.用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，常用的动词有：hope, think, want, mean, i

34、ntend, expect, plan.I had meant to come, but it rained. I had intended to come to the party, but I was so busy.特殊：hardly（scarcely）when; no soonerthan, hardly,放在句首，主句要倒装。I had hardly arrived at the station when the bus left. Hardly had I arrived at the bus when the train left.常用过去完成时的几种时间状语情况：（A）在by、

35、by the end、by the time、until、when, before、since后接过去某一时间的短语或从句表示以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.（B）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years be

36、fore. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（C）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. （D）在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。 After he (had)left th

37、e room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed. 9、 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续。We have been looking for you for an hour. She has been teaching English since she graduated.-Im sure Andrew will win the prize in the final. -I think so. He has been preparing for it for months.表

38、示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，带有感情色彩。Shes been saying that twenty times. He has been calling on her several times this week.We are been having a lot of rain recently.10、 过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚结束。以某一特定的过去时间为前提。I had been here waiting for 30 minutes before he arrived.The telephone had been ringin

39、g for three minutes before it was answered.She couldnt walk any further. She had been walking the whole day.11、 将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并有产生影响的意味，常与表将来的时间状语连用。I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeti

40、ng.12、 过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作，并有产生影响的意味，常有表过去将来的时间状语连用。The party would have arrived by four oclock.The day was drawing near when we would have completed the work.He said he would not have done with my camera by the end of next month.13、 注意几组时态的区别：一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、la

41、st year、just now、the other day等。 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作和状态，和现在不发生联系。He has lived in Beijing since liberation. He lived in Beijing before liberation.过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”的已经完成和造成的影响，一般过去时只单纯表示发生在过去的动作和状态，不关心和现在的联系；出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式只用一般过去时。现在完成和过去完成都常同表一段时间

42、的状语连用，如：for a week, for two years, for a long time.但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表过去特定时间的状语。而过去完成是在过去某时间之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中有过去特定时间的状语。She had been ill for a week before she came back. She has been ill for a week.现在完成时和现在完成进行时：现在完成时强调已经完成，现在完成进行时强调持续并可能继续持续下去。I have cleaned all the windows. I have b

43、een cleaning all the windows.一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时：lie, sit, rain, wait, stand,而一些状态、短暂、感官、情感动词see, feel, know, love等则不可，而用现在完成时。（参照现在进行时四类不宜用现在进行时的动词）过去完成进行时和过去进行时。过去完成进行时强调动作在过去某一时刻之前一直在持续，而过去进行时强调的是过去某一时刻动作正在进行。Last night I had been reading a novel when the bell rang. Last night I was reading a novel

44、when the bell rang.英语高考专题复习 动词时态一、概说：英语一共有十六个时态（8种基本时态 +8种合成时态）如下:（以”write”为例） 一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在writewritesam/is/are +writinghave/has +writtenhave/has + been writing过去wrotewas/were +writinghad + writtenhad + been writing将来shall/will +writeshall/will+be writingshall/will+have writtenshall/wil

45、l + have been writing过去将来should/would +writeshould/would+be writingshould/would+ have writtenshould/would +have been writing二、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述（1）一般现在时考点分析 表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理谚语格言等（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.He said that the earth turns round the sun.表示经常发生、习惯性的

46、动作,与 every day, usually, once a week 等时间状语连用。He goes to school on foot everyday.We always care for each other and help each other.表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know what you mean.All the students here belong to No.

47、1 Middle School.在when 引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。注意，此时，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside. I will write to her when I have time.Do you know when he _will come_(come) back? When he comes back, please let me know. I wonder if he _will come_ ( come) back

48、 tonight. If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.（2）一般过去时的考点分

49、析。一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine. 表达过去的习惯 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happen

50、ed to her.He bought a watch but lost it.（3）一般将来时考点分析。一般将来时的5种表达形式(1) “will/shall+动词原形”：将要发生的动作或状况，也可表示“预见”（带有说话人的主观态度和看法）。 Will you be busy tonight? You will feel better after taking this medicine.(2) “be going to + do”有两种意义， 一是表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事；二是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。 The wall is going to be pai

51、nted soon. George is putting on weight. Hes going to be quite fat. Look at the dark clouds over there. Its going to rain.(3) “be to + 动词原形”有两种含义：一是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常可与“be+ v.-ing” 交换使用， “be to + 动词原形”较正式; 二是表示义务、应该（相当于should)。 可用于if 条件句表示打算、想要。I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon. Youre to answ

52、er for what youve done. If you are to succeed, youd better work hard.(4)既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m.The new school year begins on September 1.(5) “be about to+ 动词原形”表示正要、马上做某事，这种结构的将来时不与表示将来的时间状语连用。Take your seat. The meeting is about to begin.I was about

53、to go to bed when someone knocked at the door. “will+动词原形” 有时还可以表示一种倾向性或惯性的动作。Oil will float on water. This machine wont work. (won 可以用来表示“不能，没法”，表示主体不具有某种功能)Whats the matter with the pen? The ink wont come out.（4）现在进行时考点分析 （主语be 现在分词）现在进行时的用法注意点:(1)现在进行时与一般现在时的用法比较。现在进行时既可表示现在时刻正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段一直进行的

54、动作（说话时不一定正在进行）， 强调动作的暂时性和未完成性短暂的事实；而一般现在时强调动作的长久性或反复性。He works in a chemical factory. He is working in a chemical factory these days. I dont work here, Im just helping until the secretary comes back. (2) 现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, all the time, all along, 等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动作表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、

55、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.You are continually finding faults with me.(3) 现在进行时表示委婉口气，常与hope, wonder 等连用。Im hoping that youll give me some advice.Im wondering if I may have a word with you.注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember,

56、believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。（5）现在完成时。（主语have/has 动词的过去分词）现在完成时表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在的影响。现在完成时用法注意点： (1)两种意义的现在完成时 a.持续到现在（动词要用延续性动词）；时间状语：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语，如 lately, r