2022年2022年高考英语高中英语语法之【名词性从句】

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载专题十名词性从句第一节基本学问与基本概念【什么为名词性从句？】上一章, 我们明白的为定语从句,加上我们以前明白的宾语从句和状语从句,似乎 “名词性从句”这个概念本身就和我们所熟知的概念不为一路货色；没错；请看下表：依据从句在句子中的功能分依据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句宾语从句精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载表语从句同位语从句名词性从句精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载状语从句副词性从句只为,在平常老师讲课时,形容词性从句和副词性从句并没有形成气候罢了；相比之下,名词性从句由于“家丁兴盛”而大行其道；但为,作为同学,我们有

2、必要明白这些基本概念的来龙去脉；【主语从句】顾名思义,主语从句在句子中作主语；有时本身显现在主语的位置上,也有时出于句子结构的考 虑退到句子的尾部,前面用形式主语it 代替；从句作主语时,谓语动词一般为单数形式；如:what i saw was beyond any verbal description. that his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.why the company denied the contract is still unknown.when and where the government will build a c

3、ity square is under discussion. it is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.it remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.【宾语从句】在句子中作宾语的从句就为宾语从句；由于这为同学们接触比较早的一种从句,应当问题不大； 所以在近年的高考题中,以宾语从句的学问作为考点的题目较少；但为, 宾语从句也有自己的特别情形, 如介词的宾语,形容词的宾语,宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象；如：we as

4、sumed that there would be more than 100 guests. he told the police in detail what he saw and heard.nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. that will depend on whether they can get the chance.whether i will have the time i am not sure at the moment.the conductor complained that

5、we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.【表语从句】表语从句的最重要脸谱就为它们应当显现在系动词的后面；如：the only question left is how often the workers are paid. his idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating.【同位语从句】1精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载从脸谱上看,同位语从句最为麻烦；由于它们也为显现在一个名词的后面,起着说明说明的作用；有点像定语从句；这个点为很多同

6、学简洁混淆的地方；但为,只有我们能把握住关键,即：定语从句的先行词在从句中必需作一个成分,并且这个成分应当为个空白,也就为说, 定语从句必需缺少成分；这一点恰恰为同位语从句所不能做到的；同位语从句前面的名词在从句中为没有位置的；况且,也不为全部的名词后面都会跟同位语从句,只有那些“有内容的名词” 才需要说明； 如 fact、 news、 idea、 truth、 hope、 problem、 information、 belief、 thought、 doubt等； 如：that fact that the policeman didn t fire at the man at all was

7、 ignored.do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom.the possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited.尽管同学们在这个方面有诸多问题,但好消息仍为有的,在新出台的山东省高考考试说明中,同位语从句不在必考的名单之中；大家可以放心了；【连接代词.连接副词和连接词】通过以上介绍, 我们可以看出, 四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头；这个词为什么性质,要看它在从句中作作的成分,假如作的为主语.宾语.表语的话,这个词就为连接代词；如果作的

8、为各种状语,就叫连接副词；假如不作任何成分,就叫连接词；如下表：连接词that、 if、 whether引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词who、 whom、 what、 whose、 which、 whichever、 whatever、 whoever连接副词when、 where、 how、 why其次节考点分类解析【考点一：语序问题】名词性从句的语序问题始终断断续续地在各地高考题目中显现,由此可见其重要性；其实说来特别简洁易记： 永久陈述语气 ；即名词性从句中不会显现助动词提前的现象；如：who he is doesnt matter much.when and where we shal

9、l have the sports meet is a question. i don t know what his name is.i don t know what is wrong with him. = i dont know what is the matter with him.you cant imagine how excited i was at that time. can you tell me what size shoes you wear.no one can be sure in a million years.（ met1991 ）a. what will m

10、an look likeb. what man will look likec. man will look like whatd. what look will man like答案： b；这个题就为典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题；依据以上所述,应当为陈述语序；所以a .c两个选项就不行能了；而d 选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯；2精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载【考点二： that 和 what 的区分问题】能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who、 whom、 what、 whose、 which、 whichever、 whatever、 whoever八个；为何单独讲what 的

11、用法呢？重要！在考试中显现的频率高！在本书第一章定语从句中,我们提到过, what 为不能引导定语从句的；定语从句中假如缺少的成分为主语.宾语.表语,我们挑选的为关系代词 that 或其他； 现在山头换了, 到了名词性从句的学问范畴了； what 在名词性从句中 就很有用武之地了；仍为分析成分, what 在从句中作的主语.宾语.表语；而 that 只为一个“连接词” ,既不作什么成分,也没有什么意义； 如:what you did doesn t agree with what you promised.what he couldn t understand was why his teac

12、her was never satisfied with him. the matter of salary is what i care most if i decide to change my profession.what we can t get always seems better than what we have already got.i think that your composition is no better than his. that you don t love her is not my business.what we have seen is diff

13、erent from .a. we heardb. we have heardc. what we heardd. what we have heard答案： d ；我们应当可以看出这为个宾语从句；从句中hear 为个及物动词,缺少宾语；所以,应当选有what 引导的从句；而不能为that 或者省略了that 的情形；i couldn t agree with at the meeting.a. that you saidb. which you saidc. all what you saidd. what you said答案：；与上一题相同,这也为一个考查宾语从句的题目；从句中的say

14、为个及物动词,缺少宾语；所以,应当挑选what 引导的宾语从句；但为,这个题目最简洁错的选项为；由于有些同学会认为all 为先行词,而后面时what 引导的定语从句；但为,从上一章的讲解我们应当学会what 为不引导定语从句的；所以,根本就为不存在的；【考点三： that 和 whether 的区分问题】有时候,它们两个比较难以区分,由于,它们都为连接词,都在从句中不作成分；但为,它们之间最大的区分在于“意义 ”；即 that 在从句中既不作成分,也没有自己的意义；而whether 就不同了；它虽然不在从句中作什么成分,但为它又意义,即“为否 ”；这就能够左右从句的意思,使从句所表达的意思变成

15、一个仍没有确定的因素；如：i don t know whether he can join us or not. i m sure that he can join us.it is none of your business whether i love her.it is none of your business that i don t love her.综上所述, 区分 that 仍为 whether ,重要一点就为看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思,为确定的,仍为不确定的；为事实仍为疑问；前者选that,后者选whether；如：i have no doubt mr. johnson

16、will make it here on time.a. thatb. whetherc. whyd. when答案：；这个题之所以挑选that,就为由于前面的i have no doubt （毫无疑问） ,这样的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“为否”了；no one can be sure the board will accept our conditions.3精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. thatb. whetherc. whyd. what答案：；这个题中的no one can be sure（没有人能确定）就要求从句表达一个“董事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思,而

17、不能为一个既定的事实；【考点四： if 和 whether 的区分问题】二者在引导宾语从句时都有“为否”之意；但并不为永久可以互换；一般认为,二者可以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中；如：he didn t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.而在介词的宾语从句中,在主语从句中,在表语从句中,在同位语从句中,在和不定式搭配的结构中等等,习惯上只能用whether；如：1. we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.（ 1996）a. ifb

18、. whetherc. thatd. where答案：；这为主语从句；2. the question of they are old or young is not important.a. whichb. whetherc. howd. if答案：；这为介词of 的宾语从句；3. the question is the film is worth seeing.a. ifb. whatc. whetherd. how答案：；这为表语从句；4. he doesn t know to stay or not.a. ifb. whenc. whetherd. how答案：；这里为和不定式搭配；5.

19、 the news our team has won the match is unknown.a. whichb. ifc. whetherd. then答案：；这为同位语从句,说明说明news；值得留意的为：有些资料依旧强调if 不能与 or not 搭配的问题；过去有过这样的规定,只为在现代英语中,已经不再强调了而已；现在认为ifor not 也可以接受；【考点五： wh- 词和 wh-ever 的区分问题】一般认为, wh- 词在引导从句时,依旧保留了很大部分的疑问词的本色,所以,它们引导的从句在意思上应当表达的为一个“问题 ”,如： “谁？什么？何时？何地？为何？怎么？”等；而wh-

20、ever 已经没有这层颜色,不再关怀这样的“问题 ”,而为布满了让步的意味,多有“无论 ”之意；如：the police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man s death.警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多；whoever will benefit from the old man s death will be questioned by the police.能从老人的去世之中受益的全部人都将受到警方的询问；who will be sent to help the people in the flooded are

21、as hasn t been announced.谁将被派往洪灾区去救援仍没有宣布；whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help the people in need. 不管为谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮忙灾民；【考点六： no matter wh- 和 wh-ever 的区分问题】二者都有 “无论 ”之意；在引导让步状语从句时的确可以互换,没有什么区分； 但为, no matter4精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载wh-只能引导状语从句,不能引导名词性从句；wh-

22、ever 就二者兼收,来去自由；由此包含与被包含的关系打算,二者同时显现而必选其一时,答案确定为wh-ever ；如：whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 主语从句 whoever/ no matter who breaks the rules、 he/she will be punished. 状语从句 don t believe whatever he tells you.宾语从句 don t believe him、 whatever/ no matter what he tells you. 状语从句 【考点七：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题

23、】先看宾语从句的虚拟语气；一般说来,假如从句作的为表示说话人某种观点.态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时,从句中要求用should动词原形的虚拟语气（should 常常可以省略） ；这些动词常见的有： desire、 demand、 require、 request、 order、 propose、 command、 advise、 suggest 等；如：例： he insisted that she （ should） spend more time studying.he demanded that we （ should） be on time.the boss required that

24、 all waiters should keep standing all day long.the publishing house suggested that i should type my book out.有两个特例为高中老师不情愿错过的；那就为suggest 和 insist ；它们俩后面的宾语从句为否用虚拟语气仍要看详细语境来定；如：the doctor suggested that i had a cold；这个 suggest 的意思为“说明,说明”；后面不用虚拟语气 the big smiles on her face suggested that she had pas

25、sed the test.这个 suggest 的意思为“说明” ；后面不用虚拟语气the doctor suggested that i should stay in bed for a few day.这个 suggest 的意思为“建议” ；后面用虚拟语气the young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army. 这个 insist 坚持的为一个事实不为一种观点；后面不用虚拟语气that young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.这个 insi

26、st 坚持的为一种观点,即“他应当被派往前线”；后面用虚拟语气以上为宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象；假如为其他三种名词性从句,只要和上述动词有关,也享受同样的待遇；如：the headquarterssuggestion is that we should wait for another few days. 表语从句 his order that all the soldiers should swim across the river was refused. 同位语从句 it is strongly recommended that you should take a taxi. 主语从句 另

27、外,在下面这几个特别的句型中,后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气；a. it is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential （必要的） /suggested thatshould do如：it is important that you（ should） be on time.it is necessary that you should exercise regularly.b. i wish thatdid.如：i wish i were a bird.i wish one day i could live on the moon.c.

28、 id rather thatdid如：5精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载i d rather you did it yourself.i d rather i hadnt lent you that bicycle yesterday.【考点八：宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】众所周知,反意疑问句为由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成；如：he is ignorant、 isn t he. he isn t strong、 is he.但为,假如前面的句子中含有宾语从句,怎么办？答案为肯定针对主句的主语.谓语；如：you know he is ignorant、 don t you

29、. i told you he isn t strong、 didn t i.有一种例外,当主句的主语为i、 且谓语动词为表示观点的动词如think、 believe、 suppose、 expect、 amafraid 等时,就只能针对从句反问了；由于没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反诘；如：i think he is ignorant、 isn t he. i believe he isn t strong、 is he.【考点九： it 在名词性从句中的作用问题】代词 it 的用法有很多；但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中,即it 作为一般回指代词的用法和在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法

30、；如：作形式主语：it worried me a bit that he didn t phone.it occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.it doesnt matter when you arrive- just come when you can. it wasn t clear to anyone why he didn t come.it was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.作形式宾语：i made it clear that i was de

31、termined to carry out the plan.i find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken english. i think it important that we should keep calm.don t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.he doesnt want it to be known that he s going away.you may depend upon i

32、t that all the goods will be delivered in time.【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】从表面上看, it 作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相像；如：it is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. 主语从句 it is with tom s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. 强调句型 其实,强调句型其实很简洁,即在it is/was 与 that 之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分；大部分考题都为考查that 的挑

33、选问题；即考查考生判定某句为否为强调句型的问题；这个看似简洁的问题 在出题人的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼；下面为几种常见的出题形式：1基本式：it was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist.2. 一般疑问句式：6精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist.3. 特别疑问句式：where was it that you met the foreign tourist. 4

34、复合句式：can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist. 5套定语从句式：it was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.6. 套定语从句加省略式：- where did you meet the foreign tourist.- it was in the hotel where we lived that we met the foreign tourist.判定一个句子为否为强调句型为个关键；这里重要思路为当去掉强调句型.各

35、个成分各归其位以后,该句子为否仍成立；下面几个例子就不为强调句型：it was not yet seven oclock when he came back last night.由于, *he came back last night not yet seven o clock. 就不为个正确的句子；- i heard that tom was once almost drowned. when was that.- it was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.同理, *he was swimming in a pool in 2000.从规律

36、上看也不成立；由于,我们不行能一整年都在游泳；第三节巩固练习（一）.【夯实基础】1. america was was called “ india” by columbus.a. thatb. wherec. whatd. the place2. - i d like to invite you to a concert this evening.- thank you、 but i ll be free i m not sure at the moment.a. whileb. ifc. whend. whether3. i kept looking at the man、 wonderin

37、g .a. whether i have seen him beforeb. where i had seen him beforec. that i had seen him befored. when i had seen him before4. you have not yet answered my question i can join in the party tonight.a. whetherb. ifc. whichd. that精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载5. informationhas been putforward universities.a.

38、whileb. thatc. whend. asmore middleschoolgraduates willbeadmittedinto精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载6. a computer can only do you have instructed it to do.a. howb. afterc. whatd. when7. it is a common belief teenagers today know about computers and are familiar using them in all aspects of life.a. that; out

39、b. what; withc. that; withd. what; about8. don t leaveofr tomorrow you can do today.7精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. ifb. whatc. thatd. unless9. was it because it rained yesterday he didn t come.a. whyb. whenc. thend. that10. all the inventions have in common is they have succeeded.a. what; whatb. that; t

40、hatc. what; thatd. that; that11. - what clothes should we wear to attend the ball.- dress you like.a. whatb. howeverc. whateverd. how12. has ridden on a railway train knows how another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction.a. anyone who; rapidb. whoever; rapidlyc. anything;

41、 rapidd. whatever; rapidly13. we believe you have devoted yourself sure to come true.a. that; isb. all that; to bec. that all; ared. what; to is14. you may give the film ticket to you think needs it.a. no matter whob. whomeverc. whoeverd. no matter whom15. was it in 1998、 when he was still at middle

42、 school、 this boy became expert at computer.a. whichb. wherec. whend. that16. it was he came to macao he knew what kind of place it was.a. that; whenb. until; thatc. not until; whend. not until; that17. all finished、 we sat down to enjoy we thought the most delicious dinner.a. thatb. whichc. whatd.

43、it18. it was not until he explained it a second time it.a. when we understoodb. that we understoodc. did we understandd. that did we understand19. the beaches held they called“ family day” once each year.a. thatb. whichc. whatd. when20. - how did he fail the examination.- it was because he was too c

44、areless he made so many mistakes.a. thereforeb. thatc. so thatd. so21. in some countries、 is called“ equality” does not really mean equal rights fro all people.a. thatb. whatc. whichd. how22. - helps others will be helped.- so i ll beatnhkful to and try to help has helped us.a. whoever; whomeverb. w

45、hoever; whoeverc. who; whoeverd. who; whomever23. whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just worries the public.a. whyb. whichc. thatd. what24. it was not until dark he found he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.a. that; whatb. that; thatc. when; whatd. when; that25.

46、the question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.8精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. thatb. whatc. whichd. whether26. she was invited to the ball made her very happy.a. ifb. thatc. whend. because27. we are doing has never been done before.a. thatb. whatc. whichd. whether28. scientists

47、 believe native americansarrivedby crossing the land bridge that connected siberia and more than 10、000 years ago.a. this is alaskab. alaska is nowc. is now alaskad. what is now alaska29. please tell me you would like to have your coffee - black or white.a. whatb. wherec. whichd. how30. many workers

48、 were organized to clear away remained of the world trade center.a. thoseb. thatc. whatd. where二.【真题实战之2007】1. matters most in learning english is enough practice.（全国 ii ）a. whatb. whyc. whered. which2. choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.（江苏卷）a. whatb. whyc. howd. whethe

49、r3. it is none of your businessother people think about you. believe yourself.（福建卷）a. howb. whatc. whichd. when4. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.（陕西卷）a. thatb. whichc. whatd. as5. why not try your lu ck downtown、 bob. that s the bestrjeo.bs（a浙江卷）a. whereb. whatc. whend.

50、why6. the seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.（天津卷）a. whatb. whichc. howd. where7. could i speak to is in charge of international sales、 please.（山东卷）a anyoneb someonec whoeverd no matter who8. he referred to in his article was unknown to the gen

51、eral reader.a. thatb. whatc. whetherd. where9. the traditional view is we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.a. whenb. whyc. whetherd. that三.【真题实战之2006】1. we haven t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.江苏卷 a. ifb. wherec. whetherd. that2. see the flags

52、 on top of the building. that was we did this morning. 全国 ia. whenb. whichc. whered. what3. please remind me he said he was going. i may be in time to see him off. 同上 a. whereb. whenc. howd. what9精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载4. what did your parents think about your decision.they always let me do i think

53、i should.全国 iiia. whenb. thatc. howd. what5. with his work completed、the businessman stepped back to his seat、 feeling pleased he was a man of action.湖南卷 a. whichb. thatc. whatd. whether6. nobody believed his reason for being absent form the classhe had to meet his uncle at the air port.（重庆卷）a. whyb

54、. thatc. whered. because7. - could you do me a favour.- it depends on it is.（北京卷）a. whichb. whicheverc. whatd. whatever8. engines are to machines hearts are to animals.山东卷 a. asb. thatc. whatd. which9. team wins on saturday will go through to the national championships.山东卷 a. no matter whatb. no mat

55、ter whichc whateverd. whichever10. is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger、 more prosperous economy.浙江卷 a. asb. thatc. thisd. it11. it's thirty years since we lest met. but i still remember the story、 believe it or not、 we got lost on a rainy night. 四川卷 a. whichb. thatc. whatd. when12. a warm thought suddenly came to mei migh