2022年2022年高考英语阅读理解专题复习指导教案

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载优秀教案欢迎下载高考英语阅读懂得专题复习指导教案一.英语考试大纲要求1.懂得主旨和要义；2.懂得文中详细信息；3.依据上下文推断生词的词义；5.懂得文章的基本结构； 二.阅读懂得命题分类4.做出简洁判定和推理；6.懂得作者的意图.观点和态度；1.主旨大意型2. 事实细节型3.词义推测型4.推理判定型三. 事实细节型（一）.事实细节型解题要领1.文章中心为 论点 ,事实细节为 论据 或主要理由 ；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语.某句子.某段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接 或间接 在文章中找到答案；2.忠实于原文上下文及全篇的规律关系,决不能主观臆断；

2、3.常见提问形式1） which of the following is true（ not true ） according to the information in the passage. 2） which of the following is mentioned in the passage.3）the author mentions all the following except . 4）in the passage、 the author states that .5） 以 when、 where、 who、 what、 how、 why、 how many/much等词引导

3、的疑问句；4.例题example 1（ 08 浙 e ）one day、 i told my mother i dchanged mymind. i didn'twant to make a success inthe magazine business.“ if youthinkyoucan change yourmindlikethis、”sh e replied、“ youwillbecomeagood-for- nothing.s”h e insisted that、 as soon as school was over、 i should start ringing door

4、bells、selling magazines. whenever i said no、 she would scold me.what did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up.a. she forced him to continue.b. she punished him.c. she gave him some money.d. she changed her plan.example 2精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载优秀教案欢迎下载want to be a volunteer for beijing olympi

5、cs in 2021. recently、 the recruiting started.the recruiting of beijing olympics volunteer starts from aug 28、 2006 to end of march 2021.stage 1: beijing volunteersfrom august 28、 2006、 the program opens to applicants in beijing（ and beijing only ）.stage 2: china volunteersfrom dec、 2006、 people from

6、 outside beijing can submit their application.stage 3: overseas volunteersby march 2007、 people from outside china（ including in other countries ） can apply for volunteering in olympics 2021.the programtravel、 hotel are not provided. only working meal is available for volunteers（ makes sense、 isn

7、9;t it. ）if you have any questions、 just call olympics volunteer hotline: +86-10-123081. who has the most time to apply for volunteering in olympics 2021 .a. liling from beijingb. wangbing from tianjin .c. jane from australiad. dongdong from yunnan.2. being a volunteer in olympics 2021 、 you can enj

8、oy free service.a. foodb. taxic. hoteld. ticket事实细节型 - 心得体会此题型最普遍的特点为题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合,因此一般采纳寻读法,即先读题 ,然后 带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案；（二）词义推测型解题要领1.常见提问形式：1） which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2） the word. could best be replaced by.3） in the. paragr

9、aph、 the word. means（refers to ）. 4） according to the passage、. probably means.5） the author uses the word. to mean.2.推测词义的常见方法精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载优秀教案欢迎下载一.为针对性的说明1）依据定义（definition）推测词义假如生词有一个句子（定语从句或为同位语<同位语前常有or、 similarly、that is to say、 in other words、 namely、 or other、 say、i.g.等>或为同位语

10、从句）或段落来定义、或使用破折号,冒号,分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以说明和定义,那么懂得这个句子或段落本身就为推断词义；定义常用的谓语动词多为：be、 mean、 deal with、 be considered、 to be、 be called、 define、 represent、 refer to、 signify等；例 1.do you know what a“territory” iste.rriatory is an area that an animal 、usually the male、 claims （声称） as its own.分析 由定义可推知,这里terri

11、tory 指的为： “动物的地盘 ”；例 2.in fact、 only about 80 ocelots、 an endangered wild cat、 exist in the u.s. today分析 由同位语an endangered wild cat 我们很快猜诞生词ocelots 的义域： 一种濒临灭亡野猫；例 3. here is the pines 、whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou 、wild boar 、and reindeer with surpri

12、sing sauces .according to the passage 、the pines is a. a place in which you can see many mobile homesb mountain where you can get a good view of the valley c town which happens to be near the banff national parkd restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food分析 通过 whose 引导的定语从句,我们可以估计到：

13、thepines 为一家餐馆的名字,由此不难推出懂得题的答案为：d ；2）依据举例推测词义恰当的举例能够供应推测生词的重要线索；例 4. the course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. it will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the european union、 third world debt、 local and internat

14、ionaldisagreement、 and the work of such international bodies as the united nations、 the european union、 nato、 and the world bank.分析 依据 such as 后面列举的一系列例子,我们应当能推断出句中的issue 为指 “议题 ”；二.为内在规律关系精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载优秀教案欢迎下载依据内在规律关系估计词义为指应用语言学问分析和判定相关信息之间存在的规律关系,然后依据规律联系推断生词词义或大致义域；1）依据对比.比较关系推测词义在一个句子或

15、段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,我们可以依据生词的反义词推测其词义；表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike、 not、 but、 however、 despite、 inspite of、 in contrast 等；表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句；同对比关系相反, 比较关系表示意义上的相像关系；表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly、 like、 just as、 also、as well as 等；例 5.a childs birthday party doesn have tto be a hassle; it can be a basket

16、of fun.what does the underlined word “ hassle （”p aragraph 1） probably mean.a.a party designed by specialistsb.a plan requiring careful thoughtc.a situation causing difficulty or troubled.a demand made by guests分析 依据对比关系, 这里 hassle 和 a basket of fun 为相反的意义, 很简洁判定懂得题的答案为 c；例 6.green loves to talk、 an

17、d his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly 说明短语loves to talk 和 loquacious 之间的比较关系,其意义相近；由此我们可推断出loquacious 的意思为 “健谈的 ”；2）依据因果关系推测词义在句子或段落中,如两个事物现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以依据这种规律关系估计生词词义；例 7.feel that since you are my superior 、 it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”（20xx 年上海卷）the w

18、ord“ presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to” .“a full of respectb too confident and rudeclacking in experienced too shy and quiet分析 依据 since 引导的缘由状语从句的内容（ “既然你为我的上司”）,我们可以推断这里presumptuous 的意思为： “冒失的,放纵的”意思,后半句的意思为：我告知你怎么做会为一种放纵 /冒失的行为；对应的懂得题答案为：b ；例 8.pruning is importan

19、t because it encourages the growth of tender shoots、or young leaves.依据缘由状语从句的内容,我们可以判定pruning 的意思为： “修剪（树枝等）”的意思；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载优秀教案欢迎下载3）依据说明.并列.同等同义近义.反义等关系推测词义在句子或段落中,我们可以利用熟识的词语,依据语言环境所表面的关系推测词义；例 9.william shakespeare said.“the web of our life is omf iangled yarn （纱线）, good and ill toge

20、ther.” the underlined word“ mingled” in the last paragraph most probably mea.nsa simpleb mixedc sadd happy分析 句中 good and ill together更详细地说明白a mingled yarn 的意义,据此我们不难估计 mingled 的意思为： “混合的,交错的”；例 10.is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs . the answer is“yes”、 according to the researc

21、hers at johns hopkins and three other medical centers. 分析 依据and three other medicalcenters 这种并列关系,我们很简洁推断出：johnshopkins 为一家医疗中心；例 11.there is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载him.分析 依据与 insult侮“辱 ”的同等关系推测defame 为“诋毁 ”, “中伤 ”或“诽谤 ”精品学习资

22、料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载例 12.the game americans call soccer is known around the world as football.分析 运用与 football 的同义关系推断为“足球 ”；例 13.the house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. the littledwelling、however、looked neglected and cheerless.分析 运用与 the house 近义关系可以推断dwelling 与住宅有关例 14.mostwomeninchina -ed

23、ucated and illiterated、urbanand rural、the youngand old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.分析 后面的 urban and rural、 the young and old 之间都有反义关系, 运用这个关系可以推断illiterated 为 “未接受过训练的,即文盲” 三.为通过构词法在推测词义过程中,我们仍可以依靠构词法方面的学问,从生词本身推测词义；1）依据前缀推测词义例 15.do you ha

24、ve any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools.依据词根educational（ 训练的）,结合前缀co（- 共同,一起）,我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思为： “男女同校训练的”意思；2）依据后缀推测词义精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载优秀教案欢迎下载例 16. it's a quiet、 comfortable hotel overlooking（俯瞰）the bay in an uncommercialized cornish fishing village on engla

25、nd's most southerly point后缀-ise/ize 意思为 “使成为；使化 ”,结合词根commercial （商业的） ,不难猜出uncommercialized的意思为： “未被商业化的”；3）依据复合词的各部分推测词义例 17.good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. welldesigned tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward （别扭的） hand positions.（ 20xx 年北京卷）well-designed 或许为个生词,但我们分析该词的结构后,就能估计出其含义；它由well（好,优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成,合在一起便为“设计精致的 ”意思；例 18. we livein