2022年2022年高考英语短文改错解题指导

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神高考英语短文改错解题指导以往,短文改错题为高考英语全国试卷和绝大多数单独命题省市试卷的基此题型；由于其综合了对于高中生英语语法.阅读和写作才能的综合考察,所以始终以来都为同学们颇感麻烦的难题；我们认为,经过合理的指导和科学的训练,同学们完全可以熟识其核心的命题思路和解题技巧,从而取得抱负的成果；一.高考英语改错题的命题特点分析短文改错题共计10 小题,每道题1.5 分,满分 15 分；高考的改错题以完整篇章的方式显现,所以需要同学第一建立整体把握和连贯思索的审题模式,切忌单独处理每一行的习惯性思维错误；从上个世纪九十岁月开头显现以来,高考短

2、文改错题的考察方式基本已经稳固下来,其设疑方式不外乎：无错（ 1 处）.多词或少词（ 3 到 4 处）以及错词（ 5-6 处）；而且,没有单词拼写.标点符号或词序错误,只涉及语法.习惯表达和语义规律层面；二.高考英语改错题的解题指导原就短文改错没有任何技巧,只能老老实实的走下去针对其命题特点,我们提出如下两条核心的总体原就：（一）通读全文其重要性毋须重申；通过阅读全文,快速对以下几个问题做出判定：1.文章的主体时态；任何体裁和题材的文章都为发生在一个宏观的时态背景之下的,通过浏览全文,圈定其主体时态到底为现在时.过去时仍为将来时；然后在进一步解题的过程中,凡为和该主体时态发生冲突的局部时态,都

3、有可能存在问题,需要引起小心；2.文章的叙事规律；在篇章改错的语境中,个别单句在语法上可能为完全正确的,但它的规律却和全文的整体规律显现重大分歧；比方说,一篇谈论文,整体上对某个话题为持确定态度,但其中的个别单句却背道而驰地表示了否定,那么该单句就有可能为由于多词或少词错误而导致了这种规律冲突；3.文章的叙事角度；为作者对自我大事的描述,仍为对一般话题的阐述？这直接关系到改错题中常常显现的代词指代问题；（二）以句为改错单位尽管篇章改错为每行设置为一个小题,但每一个完整的英文句子往往横跨2-3 行,而出题人往往会抓住同学紧盯单行的毛病,而有意设置跨行错误或考察句首句尾与上下文的连接；三.高考英语

4、改错题的常见错误类型依据对近十年全部高考改错题的统计分析,我们认为,短文改错题所涉及到的高频考点,恰好也为中同学在写作中常常显现的错误；我们期望考生能够参考我们所总结的常见错误类型,在练习改错题的时候学会对应和归纳,这样才能够提高对错误的嗅觉力和敏锐度；这些错误类型主要为：1.动词的时态和语态精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神2.句子结构和句子完整性3.名词单复数及主谓一样问题4.上下文语意和指代5.介词6.固定（习惯）用法7.词性8.冠词9.连词和从句引导词10.动词不定式四.实例分析接下来,我们以考题为例,分析短文改错题的详细解题流程；1） there ar

5、e advantage for students to work while 2） studying at school. one of them was that 3） they can earn money. for the most part、 4） students working to earn money for their own 5） use. earning their own money allow them 6） to spend on anything as if they please.7） they would have to ask their parents f

6、or 8） money or for permission to do things by 9） the money. some students may also to save 10） up for our college or future use.通过阅读全文,我们发觉：1.这为一篇谈论文,探讨同学为否应当打工；主体时态为现在时；第2）小题的局部时态和主体时态发生冲突,而且经过进一步判定,属于时态错误；2.文章的第一句为这篇谈论文的论点,它明确了全文的立足点：打工有好处；因此,第7）小题虽然没有任何语法错误,但其规律和全文的整体规律恰好背道而驰；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢

7、迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神3.文章为作者站在第三方对一个一般现象进行的评论,主体叙事角度与“我”.“我们”无关；第 10）小题的代词“our ”有错误嫌疑；第 1）小题, there are advantage for students to work while中,系动词are 和主语 advantage的单复数一样性显现了问题,但此时仍不能贸然判定到底为哪一个显现了问题；通过阅读下文,我们得出至少有两个层面的“好处”,因此把advantage改 为 advantages ；第 2）小题, studying at school. one of them was that中,我们已经说明过了,

8、时态错误,应将was 改为 is ；第 3）小题, they can earn money. for the most part、中,没有错误,for the most part为习惯表达,表示“最主要的缘由为”,且语法无误；第 4）students working to earn money for their own中, working为非谓语形式,导致该句没有谓语,为一个典型的不完整句,因此要将working改为 work ,仍原其谓语功能；第 5）小题, use. earning their own money allow them中,主语为动名词形式的earning ,与谓语allo

9、w的一样性显现问题,应改为allows ；第 6）小题, to spend on anything as if they please.中,从句引导词错误,导致含义纷乱,应将as if改为 as ；第 7）小题, they would have to ask their parents for中,如上文中的说明,改为should not；第 8）小题, money or for permission to do things by中,介词使用有误,这主要仍为一个语法问题；将by 改 为 with ；第 9）小题, the money. some students may also to sav

10、e中,情态动词和不定时的语法问题,应当将 to 去掉；第 10）小题, up for our college or future use.中,我们说明过了,这里的代词our 与全文的表达角度发生冲突；经判定,将其改为their；大致上,短文改错涵盖面较广,本文只为总结了数年考试题型做了归纳,总之这类题非常留意细节；令：本文为其他一线老师力作,拿来即用；2021 高考英语短文改错专题技巧点拨及强化训练短文改错旨在测试考生发觉.判定和订正错误的才能；它要求考生具有词法.句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的才能,因此考点综合性强,掩盖面广,错项设置类型多,为历年高考英语中的难题；为了提高做短文改错题的才能,

11、除了要加强基础学问的积存.提高语篇的整体懂得才能之外,仍应当对其错项设置的基本情形有所明白,以便做到目标明确,有的放矢, 从而提高解题的正确率；本文拟从语法和规律的角度,用口诀的形式,向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误；短文改错口诀：动词形,名词数,留意为形仍为副；非谓动词细辨别,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析,规律错误须关注；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神一动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误,以及主.谓不一样的错误；例如：my favourite sport is fo

12、otball. i was a member of our school football team. is now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主.谓不一样错误；找出此类错误的关键为树立坚固的时态概念,留意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一样性；二名词数指名词单.复数形式的用法错误；常表现为将名词复数写成单数；例如：so that i ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects三区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和详细用法；这也为

13、高考短文改错的常考点；例如：i m sure we ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful unfortunate、 there are too many people in my family. unfortunately需要留意的为,形容词多用来做定.表.补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词.形容词.副词或整个句子；第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time ,其次句的unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子；四非为动词细辨别这为考查最多的错误形式之一；主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误；例如：in my spa

14、re time、 but now i am interesting in football. interestedplay football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but alsoplaying my parents love meand will do all they can make sureto上述二.三例分别为动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语；一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义；五习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础学问；这也为历年高考的常考点,其错误表现

15、形式主要有三种：多词.少词和搭配错误；例如：it was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station andof we must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. of六句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要挑选不同的词语；这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误；例如：they eager to know everything about china andwere i live in beijing、

16、 where is the capital of china. which第一例漏掉了谓语动词were ,这为受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；其次例就为词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where 为副词,不能作主语；七规律错误须关注与句子的上.下文不一样,甚至相冲突,属于规律性错误；如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名.地名.时间.方位等方面的错误,常为这类错误的考查对象；例如：the smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神first、 let me tell you somethi

17、ng more about myself.去掉 more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.now someone at homereads instead. everyone上述第一例中的主语为smiths （史密斯夫妇俩）,因此后面的his不合规律；其次例中的 more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开头告知别人,怎么能说“再告知你一些事”？第三例讲的为为明白决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone ；除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式仍有：连词but

18、、and、 or 和 so 的用法错误（可以归类为规律错误）,以及冠词的用法错误等；例如：she was smiling but nodding at me. andit looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or we may be one family and live under a same roof. the下面为全国高考试题中的短文改错题；这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀；现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析；last week my parents and i took a two-day tri

19、p to emeimountain in sichuan. as everyone knows、 its famous76. mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. the weather77. was fine. it was about noon we arrived at the foot of78. the mountain、 the three of them were very excited. as we79. climbed the mountain、 we ed monkeys、 visiting temples80. a

20、nd told stories. on the way up i was busy taking picture81. since the scenery was so beautiful. the time passes quickly. 82. evening came down. we spent the night in a hotel at the top83. of the mountain. the food was expensive and the service was84. good. i was so tired that i fell asleep at the mo

21、ment my85. head touched the pillow.答案与简析：76. famous前加上a； （名词数）；77.正确 78. we前面加when,引导一个时间 状语从句； （句子成分多分析）79.them us （规律错误须关注）80.visiting visited（非谓动词细辨别）81. picture pictures（名词数）82. passes passed （动词形）83.去掉 down（习惯用法要记住）84.and but （ but、and、or 和 so ） 85.去掉 at （句子成分多分析/习惯用法要记住）；下面再次让我们熟识一下短文改错的设错规律：错

22、误类型包括缺词.多词和错词；其中1行正确, 9 行需要改正；正确1111多一词2121缺一词2211错一词5667难度系数0.440.420.470.46精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神短文改错常见错误类型1. 谓语动词的错误为历年考试的重点和热点常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and前后动词时态不一样; 主谓不一样 ; 缺少动词 、 特殊为 be 动词 ; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用；1） they did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devot

23、e all my time to my studies.（ did改为 do 错误类型属于）2） aswe climbedthe mountain、wefed monkeys、 visitingtemplesand toldstories.visiting改为 visited错误类型属于3 ） there will an important game next month.will后加 be 错误类型属于4 ） one eveningshe toldme thatsomethinghappened when her parentswas out.主谓不一样 2. 名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；

24、留意区分名词为可数仍为不行数；或依据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判定； i ll get good marks inallmy subject.（subject改为 subjects） their wordwere a great encouragement to me.（ word 改为 words ）withoutenoughknowledges、youcanneverteachwell.（ knowledges改 为knowledge ）3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词.副词,并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how

25、/why/when/where/if/whether） ihave a good friendwho s nameisliu mei. 错用了 who 的全部格形式改为whose i teach them、 play with them、 but watch them growing up. 此处应当为并列的关系而非转折,but 改为 and clever as she is、 but she works very hard. when i was a child、 rain was a mystery. in one class、 i learned it rained.4. 冠词错误误用

26、a 和 an（依据单词的因素来判定）；误用 a 和 the （固定搭配,各自单独使用的地方）余外的冠词或就少冠词； we may be one family and live under a same roof. a改为 the the same为固定搭配 as everyone knows、 it sfamous mountain with all kinds of pants.（ mountain为可数名词需用冠词,所以加a） my teacher advised me to keep my dairy. i hope you have pleasant journey.5. 形容词和副词

27、错误精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神1) 系动词后用形容词 （ be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel）2) 词性的误用形容词修饰名词修饰实义动词,形容词和副词,过去分词用副词 i m sure we ll have awonderfully time together.（ time为名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰） my pronunciation was terribly.6. 代词错误1）代词的主格和宾格（i / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us ;they/ th

28、em） 2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves） 3）代词的单数和复数4）余外的代词和少代词 soon ibegan to enjoytalkingtomyselfon paper as i was learningtoexpress me in simple english. express oneself、 me改为 myself one day i wrote a little story and showedto my teacher. 加 it if any one of us had any diffi

29、culty in our life and study、 the other would help him out. what s more 、 you have to be friends with your pupils and take good careof him.7. 非谓语动词的常见错误1）不定式,动名词作主语,宾语；2） and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一样（特殊距离较远时）,3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语；4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式； soon i began to enjoy talkto myself on paper as i was.enjoy后需接动名

30、词 talk-talking buthisparentsthinkgo tocollegeismore importantthan playingsports.作主语改为 going childrenmaynot developthe habitof read and the abilityto enjoythemselves. i particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.8. 介词错误1）词组中的介词

31、误用,2）介词意思懂得偏差,3）介词的多用或少用 there are too many people among my family.（ among 改为 in in my family为固定搭配） i was so tired that i fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（去掉 at）短文改错解题思路和检查原就1）句中各部分的结构为否完整,特殊为每个句子要有动词；2）谓语动词的时态.语态；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单.复数,格的使用为否正确；5）

32、定冠词和不定冠词为否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用为否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词.副词为否精确无误；8）并列句中的并列连词.主从复合句中的从属连词用的为否得当；短文改错解题四原就1）改动以最少为原就2 ）虚词以添加或删除为原就3 ）实词以转变词形为原就4）以保持句子原意为原就短文改错解题步骤1）通读全文,把握大意2 ）整句分析,逐行推敲3）反复通读,复查验证解题留意要点和才能培育 核对错项时, 如的确有一时难以改出的地方；可以参考所改动项为否基本符合“1126” 等题型比例；正确1 个,多一词1 个,缺词2 个,错词6 个； 核对改正的语法项目为否有重复；由于短文改错往往掩盖面广,一般不会显现

33、重复考查某个语法点的现象；原文中每行改动只能改一词,答案也只能为一词； 核对答题符号为否规范,位置为否精确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽视字母大写和拼写等问题 如有两行都难以找到错误时,与其乱改一行,不如都打“”以确保一行正确； 从作文入手,提高自身语言运用素养 合作学习,帮批帮改,提高识错.纠错才能 精炼短文改错,抓好写.比.改三步例题分析tom and dick are next door neighbor who work1. in the same office so they walked together to and from2. office. some day as they wer

34、e walking home together it3. sudden started to rain. tom quickly opened his umbrella4. and said、 "my wife surely has foresight 预见 . she said5. on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my6. umbrella with me." dick smiled and walked to him、 said、7. "my wife has even great fore

35、sight. she told me not to8. carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainlyhave with you."9. 10. 1. 第一通读全文,把握大意此文表达的为邻居tom 和 dick的故事；2. 整句分析,逐行推敲其次遍阅读后简单改出的题有.10然后先看前6 项 第 3 项 翻译整句为：有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开头下雨了；some day 不能表示有一天,属于固定搭配中修饰词有误；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神 第 5 项,由于对fores

36、ight的意思和用法不清晰,不能轻易改动；暂放一边 ； 现在看 7 10 项；第 7 项 翻译意思： dick 笑了笑并且走向他（ tom）,说到 . ,翻译后很简单可以看出 said 前有一个逗号, and 连接的动词只有 smiled 和 walked ；说明此处有错；第 8 题,又显现了foresight；现在来比较第5 项和第 8 项的两个句子；1）mywifesurelyhas foresight 预见 我的妻子确定地作出了预见（ tom s wife ） 2）mywifehas even greatforesight；我的妻子作出了更大的预见dick s wife 比较两句后可以判

37、定这里的foresight不为一个动词而为一个不行数名词；可以判定great有错；并可以反推第5 项应当没有错误；dick的妻子说的话明显有比较的含义并且这样才能突出文章的幽默感第 9 项理清句子结构后,可以看出有一词为余外的；总结错误考查点有1. 名词单复数2. 时态 3.固定搭配4 ；词性 5. 余外的介词和连接词6. 非谓语 7. 形容词的比较级8. 少了代词；题型比例1 个正确,缺词1 个,多词2 个,错词6 个 一most families in china hoped their single children will 76 have a happy future、 so the

38、y are very strict in their children. 77 so do teachers in schools. many children are given so much 78 homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. 79 the children are forbidden to do anything but to study. no 80 wonder so many children are tired of lessons. some even 81 attack or kill

39、his parents and teachers. i believe many people 82 already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. 83 shouldn't we draw lesson from the accidents. now our84 government is making out a plan to solve the education problems. 85 （二）nowadays、 almost every family has tv set、 and almost76 ev

40、eryone likes watching tv. tv has become part of our lives.77 tv has many advantages、 for example、 it informs us the78latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our79 eyes、 enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more80 about the world but、 it also has some disadvantages. people81

41、 waste too much time in watching tv and his normal life82and work are affected to the children who they spend too83 much time in watching tv、 it can do harmful to their sight84 and healthy. so we should control the time of watching tv.85 （三）a few months after returning the us from germany、 i took76.

42、 part in a college course in french. since i have learned77. to say german well in germany、 i thought it might be78. 精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载读书破万卷下笔如有神interested to begin studying another language. at the79. first class、 the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation80. exercise in it he would say a word

43、 or two in french、 and81. each student would do their best to copy. when he got to82. me、 he kept having me to say more words、 and i83. finally asked him why. "i find it great fun、" she explained84. it. "in 25 years of teaching at school、 it's the first time85. i've heard an a

44、merican speak french with a german accent."（四）the huaihe river has been serious polluted. day and night76. millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from77. hundreds of factories. the waste water is harmful. at present78. there is no fish in it. the river water cannot be drunk.

45、 people in79. either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. the huaihe80. river is such dirty and poisonous that people don't dare swim81. in it. something must be done to stopping the pollution. the82. government and the people near the river must try to clear water83. as soon as possible. now special attention has paid to the84. pollution by the government and more scientists