2022年2022年高中英语定语从句知识点整理

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系词有关系代词和关系副词；关系代词有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as等；关系副词有 when、 where、 why 等；关系词通常有以下三个作用：a .引导定语从句；b .代替先行词；c.在定语从句中担当一个成分；例如：the man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

2、该句中, who isshaking hands with my father 为定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “ who为”引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语；（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1 who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,当宾语可以省略； the boys who are playing football are from class one.正在踢足球的男孩为一班的； those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物

3、馆的人必需在明晨7 点到大门口集合； yesterday i helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮忙了一位迷路的老人； that is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就为教我们物理的老师；2 whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,可省略； mr. liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus.刘先生就为你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人； li ming is just the boy whom i want to see.李明正为我想要见的男孩； the

4、professor whom you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了； the girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师常常夸奖的那个女孩为我们的班长；留意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略；the man whom / who you met just now is my old friend.3 which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略； football is a game which is liked by most boys

5、.足球为大多数男孩所喜爱的运动； the factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造运算机的那家公司离这儿很远； he likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜爱外国作家写的书； the house which is by the lake looks nice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很美丽； this is the pen which he bought yesterday.这为他昨天买的钢笔； the film which they went to

6、see last night was not interesting at all.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有；4 that 指人时,相当于who 或 whom ；指物时,相当于which. ；在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略； the number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万； where is the man that / whom i saw this morning.我今日早

7、上看到的那个人在哪儿？ the person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好； the season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季节为夏季； yesterday i received a letter that / which came from australia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信；5 whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语； i visited a scientist whose name is known all

8、 over the country.我拜望了一个全国知名的科学家； he has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的伴侣； i once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里；留意：指物时,常用以下结构来代替：the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.do

9、 you like the book whose cover is yellow. do you like the book the cover of which is yellow.6.关系代词that 与 which 的用法区分（ 1） which 可引导非限制性定语从句中,that 不能he didn t come back home on time、 which made his father very angry.他没有按时回家,这使他的父亲很愤怒；（ 2） which 之前可以有介词,that 之前就不能有介词this is the house in which lu xun us

10、ed to live.这就为鲁迅过去居住的房子；（ 3） that 和 which 都指物时,以下4 种情形,用that 而不用 which先行词为all、 much、 anything、 something、 nothing、 everything、 little、 none等不定代词this is all that i want to say.这就为我想要说的；there is nothing that can terrify him.没有什么能吓住他；there was little that i could do for you.我不能为你做什么；先行词被形容词最高级以及first、

11、last、 any、 only、 few、 most、 no、 some、 very等词修饰this is the first composition that he has written in english.这为他用英语写的第一篇文章；this is the best novel that i have ever read.这为我读过的最好的小说；当人和物合做先行词时he talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈了他拜望过的老师和参观过的学校；在疑问词who、 which、 that 开头的句子中who is

12、 the man that spoke to you at the gate.那个在门那边跟你讲话的男人为谁？精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载which is the star that is nearest to the earth ？那一颗星星离地球最近；（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或缘由；关系副词when 在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why 充当缘由状语；i know the reason why he came late.我知道他迟到的缘由；this is the place where we lived for f

13、ive years.这就为我们住了五年的地方；i will forget the days when i met mr. liu.我不会遗忘遇见刘先生的那一天；留意：定语从句先行词用关系代词仍为关系副词：引导词在句中做主语.宾语.表语就用that、 which、 否就就用where；this is the house where he lived last year.these are the houses that/which were built 10 years ago.i ll never forget the days that/which we spent together.do

14、you still remember the days when we first met.can you explain to us the reason why you came late.i don t believe the reason which that he explained to us.2.where/when/why= 介词 +关系代词（ which/whom ） 、留意不行加that this is the house where he lived last year. in whichthe gentleman about whom you told me yeste

15、rday proved to be a thief.你昨天告知我的那个绅士证明为个小偷；（四）限制性和非限制性定语从句1. 限制定语从句紧跟先行词,引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词 关系副词或that 来引导 、去掉它意思不明确；非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,不行用that 引导,去掉引导词不会影响主句的意思；this is the house which we bought last night.the house、 which we bought last night、 is very nice.2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰

16、整个主句he seemed not to have grasped what i meant、 which greatly upset me.他好像没有领悟我的意思,这使我特别心烦；（五） as 引导的定语从句1. as 多与 such 或 the same 连用,显现在the sameas、 suchas、 soas、 等as结构中as this is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out. that nobody can work it out. this is the same pen as i lost.这支钢笔同我丢失的一样；

17、 here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这块石头大得没人能搬得起；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载2. the sameth与atthe same在as意思上为不同的精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载i have bought the same watch as you. 我买了一块和你一样的手表；（不为同一块）this is the same watch that i lost.这就为我丢的那块手表；（同一块）3. as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which ；as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较敏捷,

18、可以位于主句前面中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which 所引精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后；the elephant s nose is like a snake、 as anybody can see.as we know、 smoking is harmful to the one s health. the sun heats the earth、 which is very important to us.留意： way 后面接定语从句的情形； the way thatwhichhe explained to us was q

19、uite simple./ the way that in whichhe explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand./关系代词引导的定语从句练习：1 . -do you know the man is talking with your father？-yes, he s our headmaster.a. heb. whoc. whichd. whom 2 .the girl is reading under the tree my sister.a.which ；isb.whom ；wasc.who ；isd

20、. who ； was3 .have you seen the film titanic actors are very famous.a whob whosec thatd whom 4. a child parents are dead is called an orphan.a whichb hisc whosed with5 .this is the reason he told me.a .thatb. whyc.on whichd. for that 6 .do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now.a. whob. whom

21、c. whichd. whose 7 .this is the dictionary mum gave me for my birthday.a. whichb. whatc. whosed. whom精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载8 .shaolin temple home and abroad.lies in the west of zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. whereb. whichc. whod. what 9. beijing is the 29th city ho

22、lds the olympic games.a. whereb. thatc. whichd. what 10. have you read the book i gave you yesterday.a. thatb. whenc. where11. the man came to our party with a present is my old friend.a. whenb. whichc. who精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载12. i like writers write short stories.a. whichb. whatc. whomd. who 13. this is the question we are talking abo