2022年2022年高一英语定语从句

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料定语从句一.基本概念1定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词.代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句；换句话说,定语从句就为用来作定语的句子；2先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；先行词前一般用the ,但在指“一个”概念时可用a 、 an ；3关系代词/ 关系副词： 连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词,依据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词；如先行词在从句中作主语.宾语和定语等,应用关系代词引导定语从句；如先行词在从句中作时间状语.地点状语和缘由状语等,应用关系副词引导定语从句；4定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面；但有时因句子结构的需

2、要,定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开；5引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词： that、 which 、who、 whom 、whose 、 as关系副词 ： when、 where、 why二.基本用法1关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：关系代词从句中作用例句精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载who指人作主语宾语（可省略）1 this is the girl who / that teaches us english. who / that 指人,修饰先行词the girl ,在从句中作主语 2 heis the boywhom/who/ that imet精品学习资料精选学习资料

3、 - - - 欢迎下载whom指人作宾语（可省略）whose指人.物作定语作主语yesterday. whom / who / that指人,修饰先行词 the boy 在从句中作宾语,whom / who/that 可省略； 3 this is the girlwhose father is an engineer.（ whose 作定语,用来修饰人）4 i live in a room whose windows face the south. （ whose 作定语,用来修饰物, whose windows = the windows of which或 of which the win

4、dows ）6 this is the book which / that i lost yesterday.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载which指物that指人.物as指物宾语（可省略）作主语宾语（可省略）作主语.宾语 可修饰整个主句which/ that 指物,作宾语,可省略7the clock is an instrument which / that can tell time.（ which / that指物,作主语）8do you know the woman that / who lives next door. that / who指人,作主语 9this

5、is the same pen as i bought yesterday. as指物,在从句中作宾语10as we all know、 taiwan is part of china. as指代整个主句的内容精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载第 1 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料2使用关系代词时应留意的几个问题：a. 在以下几种情形下只使用that不用 which ；1.先行词为不定代词时,如: all、 anything、 everything、 nothing、 something、 little、 few、 much；1.i tol

6、d him all that i know.2.he gave her everything that he had.2.先行词被all、 every、 any、 the very、 the only、 the just 等修饰时；1.i have read all the books that you gave me. 2.you can take any book that you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时；1. this is the best book that i have ever read.2. the second place that i want

7、to visit is shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时；1. we talked about the persons and things that we remember in the school.2. the people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found.5.在 who、 which 引起的疑问句中；1. who is the boy that helped you.2. which is the book that you bought yesterday.6. 如

8、有两个定语从句,一个用which 引导,另一个须用that 引导；he bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.7. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时；mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.b. 在以下几种情形下只使用which不用 that ；1. 引导非限制性定语从句时；i have lost my pen、 which i like very much. which作宾语,指代主句中的pen new concept

9、 english is intended for foreign students、 which is known to all of us.which 作主语,指代整个主句2. 如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词为which ,另一个须用that； the book that he bought yesterday was the one which he liked best.3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时；this is the house in which lu xun once lived.c. 当先行词为指人的关系代词时、 引导词只用 who 不用 that ；1. 先行

10、词为all、 anyone、 one / ones、 those、 people 时,须用who ；1. anyone who knows how to do it can do it now.2. those who want to see the film please put up your hands.3. he、 who does not reach the great wall、 is not a true man.2. 在非限制性定语从句中,须用who ；toms father、 who is over sixty、 still works hard.3. 在被分隔的定语从句中,

11、须用who ；a new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you german.4. 在以 there be 开头的句子中,多用who ；there is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.5. 如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词为that,另一个须用who ；the student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.第 2 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文

12、采 资料d. as和 which 的使用场合；aswhich精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句中不能放在句首修饰“积极的”方面修饰“消极的”方面精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载在句中含义意为“正如” .“就像”无此意常和 such,so,the same等连精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载常用的搭配用无此用法精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载“+ be + 过去分词” 结构“ be”可以省略“ be”不能省略as is said above、as already mentioned above精品学习资料精

13、选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载表示状态的动词as is often the case as it isas is known to all无此用法精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载都能引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个句子的内容如：as we all know、 he studies very hard.比较： he studies very hard、 as / which we all know.i ve never seen such a clever man as he is.he has to work on sundays、 which he doesn t like.

14、he was late、 which made the teacher angry.the bridge is really wonderful、 as is shown in the picture. the experiment is very important、 as indeed it is.e. the sameas和 the samethat的不同；this is the same book as i lent you yesterday.这本书和我昨天借给你的相像；（相像物）this is the same book that i lent you yesterday.这正为我

15、昨天借给你的那本书；（同一物）【小试牛刀】i 用关系代词 who、 whom、 that、 which、 whose、 as填空；1. the earthquake shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in american history.2. we don t know the number of people lost their homes in the earthquake.3. the house they built in 1937 is still in very good condition.4. the house is built

16、 on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5. the boy father is a teacher is very clever.6. a clock is a machine tells people the time.7. our village is no longer the one it used to be. 8.the house he is looking for is very expensive.9. do you know the man houses are all broken.10. is known to all、 the

17、 moon travels round the earth once very month.【答案】 1. that/ which2. who/ that3. that/ which /不填4. that/ which5. whose6. that / which7. that / 不填8. that / which /不填9. whose10. as第 3 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料ii 把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句；1. the girl is not here.she is going to sing a song.2. the

18、school is a big one.the school stands near the river.3. the girl works very hard.her father is a doctor.4. my uncle bought the bike last week.the bike has been stolen.5 the pen is very old.i lent it to you this morning.iii 翻译下面句子1 刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了；2 你熟悉那个母亲为老师的女孩吗.3 鸟为一种能飞的动物；4 我上周买的那支钢笔很廉价；5 门朝北开的那间房

19、子已经被卖了；【答案】1. the professor that / who made the speech just now has left.2. do you know the girl whose mother is a teacher.3. a bird is an animal which / that can fly.4. the pen that / which i bought last week is very cheap.5. the room whose door faces north has been sold.第 4 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 -

20、- - 欢迎下载文采 资料3关系副词的基本用法关系副词从句中作用例句when作时间状语i remember the days when i stayed there.where作地点状语this is the room where i lost my pen.why作缘由状语this is the reason why he was late.摸索 ：同样为表示地点的先行词,为何有时候用关系代词 that、 which ,有时候用关系副词where？同样为表示时间的先行词,为何有时候用关系代词 that、 which ,有时候用关系副词when ？请对比以下几组句子：i have found

21、the factory that / which he visited last week. i have found the factory where he stayed last week.the days that / which i spent there are unforgettable. the days when i stayed there are unforgettable.the reason that / which he told me for his being late is that he got up late. the reason why he was

22、late is that he got up late.说明 : 当引导词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时、尽管先行词为时间名词、地点名词或表示缘由的名词、 我们仍旧使用关系代词that、 which ；这主要依据从句中的谓语动词为及物的仍为不及物的；留意：1当用作关系副词, 如修饰表示的名词 time ,day,moment,way 时,用 that 代替 when / why等；如： it happened on the day that/ when i was born.i don t like the way that / in which you speak to your moth

23、er.4由介词 +which / whom引导的定语从句介词一般由定语从句的动词而定；he is the boy whom / who / that we are talking about= he is the boy about whom we are talking.the pen which /that i wrote the article with is gone.= the pen with which i wrote the article.几种特别的情形：a. 由 when、 where、 why引导的定语从句经常可以替换成“介词+ which / whom的形式”：when

24、 = in / on / at which、where = in / on / at +which、why = for whichb. whose+ n.= the+ n. + of whom / which = of whom / which + the + n.如：whose father = the father of whom = of whom the father whose window = the window of which =of which the windowc. 由介词短语 +whom/which引起的定语从句this is our classroom、 in fr

25、ont of which there is a garden.the building at the back of which is a lake is our chemistry lab building. he lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple.第 5 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料d. 数词 /代词 +介词 +which/ whom引起的定语从句i have some books、 one of which is in english.she has many frien

26、ds、 all of whom are in the same class.比较： she has many friends. all of them are in the same class.但有些短语动词中的介词不能提前,由于其短语拆开后完全转变了原先的意思；this is the book that / which i m looking for there are many patients that the nurses look after.5 what 在其引导的从句中作定语what 在它所引导的主语从句.宾语从句或表语从句中作主语.宾语或表语外,仍可作定语；如：don t w

27、orry. i will give you what help i can.别担忧,我会近我所能帮你；= any help that或 as much help as what 在从句中作定语时,仍可于few ,little 连用修饰名词,表示“尽管不多,但已经全部”；如：i will lend you what few books i can spare.我愿把为数不多的书全部借给你；= all the few books thatwe contributed what little money we had towards the flood-stricken area.= all the

28、 little money that【小试牛刀】iv 用关系副词 when、 where、 why 填空1. do you still remember the place you were born.2. i don t remember the dat_e my father were born.3. yesterday we went to visit the house the great writer used to live.4. do you know the reason he killed himself.5. he was born in the year the seco

29、nd world war broke out.6. he always wants to go to his hometown and visited the place he grew up.7. kunming is a beautiful city flowers are seen all the year round.8. the children today are lucky as they are living in a time our country is open to the outside world.9. please tell me the reason he is

30、 angry.10. this kind of programme will be well received in the countries many chinese are living.【答案】 1. where2. when3. where4. why5. when6. where7. where8. when9. why10. wherev 翻译下面句子1我已经找到了我伴侣居住的那间房子了；2你记得你妈妈诞生的日期吗？3请告知我你买到那块手表的地方；第 6 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料4我不喜爱他的缘由为他太笨了；5上海为个大城市,在那里

31、你可以见到很多外国人；【答案】 1. i have found the room where my friends once lived.2. do you still remember the date when your mother was born.3. please tell me the place where you bought the watch.4. the reason why i dont like him is that he is too stupid.5. shanghai is a big city、 where you can see many foreign

32、ers.vi 用恰当的关系词填空1. the first lesson the old professor taught was not easily forgotten.2. mr. white told his wife the persons and things he saw in china.3. who is the girl shook hands with our headmaster.4. the report they are listening to is very important.5. do you know the reason he didn t come to

33、 school last week.6. did you understand the last report was made by the foreigner.7. would you please lend me the same book he has borrowed.8. please tell us the days we are going to have our exams.9. the factory makes bikes was built in 1930.10. he told me everything he had seen in the accident.11.

34、 the camp was full of people homes had been destroyed.12. tom is the student with i want to have a talk.13. do you remember the village we worked last summer.14. do you remember the village we visited last summer.15. do you remember the days we spent together last summer.【答案】1. that2. that3. that4.

35、that / which5. why6. which / that7. as8. when9. which / that10. that11. whose12. whom13. where14. that / which15. that / which【强化练习】i. 不定项挑选1. the old lady is his grandmother.a. you talkedb. that you talked aboutc. you talked to herd. you talked to2. a man jack went to qingdao for a holiday yesterda

36、y.a. who s name is b . who his name isc. whose name isd. his name is3. he lives in a room door is broken.a. whoseb. whichc. itsd. that4. we visited the factory makes toys for children.a. whereb. whichc. in whichd. that5. the film last night was wonderful.a. which we sawb. that we sawc. which was sho

37、wnd. that was shown第 7 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料6. i ll never forget the pla_c_e i visited ten years ago.a. whereb. thatc. in whichd. what7. sep. 18、 1995 is a day we ll never forget.a. whenb. in whichc. thatd. for which8. the girl you met just now is very interesting.a. whichb. thatc. wh

38、omd. who9. the factory you visited yesterday was built in 1930.a. whob. whichc. thatd. whom10. there is a mountain top is always covered with snow.a. of whichb. whosec. it sd. its11. the car ran over a boy and a dog were just crossing the street.a. whob. whomc. thatd. which12. the lessons were not e

39、asily forgotten.a. which he taughtb. which were taughtc. that were taughtd. that he taught13. the student is a three-good student.a. whose parents diedb. who you metc. whom you metd. who we were talking about14. i want to go and thank the woman helped me.a. whob. thatc. whichd. whose son15. the man

40、was a friend of mine.a. that you just talked tob. whom you just talked to himc. who you just talked to himd. which you just talked to him【答案】 1. bd2. c3. a4. bd5. abcd6. b7. c8. bcd9. bc10. b11. c12. abcd13. abcd14. abd15. av 各地模拟题汇编1. this is mr. white、 i think has something interesting to tell you

41、.海淀 4 月卷 a. whichb. whomc. thatd. who2. sales of cds have greatly increased since the early 1990s、 people began to enjoy the advantages of this technology.东城 5 月卷 a. andb. whenc. whichd. because3. i d like to live somewhere the sun shines all year long.西城 5 月卷 a. whichb. thatc. whered. in which4. in

42、 wasdale there is a mysterious dark lake、 depth has never been measured.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. whose海淀 5 月卷 5. is it the years you worked in the factory have a great effect on your literary works.湖北八校一模卷a. that; whereb. that; thatc. when; whered. when; that6. he won t want to eat it unless hes re

43、ally hungry、 in case he ll eat almost anything.a. whatb. thatc. whosed. which苏锡常镇一模卷7. government reports、 legal papers and most business letters are the main situations english is used. 黄冈卷 a. whenb. thatc. howd. where第 8 页 共 10 页精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载文采 资料8. europe has achieved more incontrolling

44、the aidsvirusthan asia inthe past ten years、 the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply. 南京二模卷 a. whenb. thatc. so thatd. where9. the soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villages used as a school. 汕头卷 a. which; whereb. what; whichc. where; whichd. what; where10. th

45、is is an unpleasant subject we might argue for a long while.广州二模卷 a. in whichb. with themc. about whichd. with it11. afterall、withthe help ofmycomputer brainnever forgets anything、iqis i m all about. 湖北宜昌三模卷a. that; whatb. what; whatc. what; thatd. that; where12. it was the third night we were stayi

46、ng in our seaside but the tsunami 海啸 struck the whole village.苏锡常镇二模卷a. when; whenb. when; whatc. what; thatd. that; that13. i usually enjoy these dinners、 unless i have to make speech、 incase i worrythrough the meal. 烟台三模卷 a. thatb. thisc. whichd. any14. the small mountain village we spent our holi

47、day last month lies in is now part of hubei.湖北八校二模卷a. which; whereb. where; whatc. that; whichd. when; which15. the president stood by a window inside the room、 、 looking over the square.a. where i enteredb. into which i enteredc. which i enteredd. that i entered成都三模卷 16. barbara went to the states a couple of years ago、 by time she had learned to dance and act in comedies.福建卷 a. wh