2022年2022年虚拟语气讲解及练习题

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载虚拟语气讲解与练习黄志刚 2021.10.一.简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的为一个条件,不肯定为事实,或与事实相反；虚拟语气通过谓语动词的 特别形式来表示；英语中的语气分为陈述语气.祈使语气.虚拟语气在什么情形下用虚拟语气.在表示虚假的.与事实相反的或难以实现的情形时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或表示某种剧烈情感时,也用虚拟语气；即当 一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话为基于自己的主观想法,而不为依据客观实际, 就用虚拟语气；二.虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1.真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真： eg . if

2、he doesn t hurry up、 he will miss the bus.假如他不快点,他将错过巴士；真实条件状语 （不为虚拟语气）if he is free、 he will ask me to tell stories. 假如他为闲暇的,他会要求我讲故事；（真实条件状语）（不为虚拟语气）非真： eg. if i were you、 i would go at once. 假如我为你,我立刻就会去； （非真实条件状语从句） if there were no air、 people would die. 假如没有空气, 人就会死亡；（非真实条件状语从句）2.用法及动词形式1.表示与现

3、在事实相反的情形,例1.if i were you、 i would take an umbrella.假如我为你,我会带把伞； （事实：我不行能为你）2.if i knew his telephone number、 i would tell you.假如我知道他的电话号码,我就会告知你；（事实： 不知道）3.if there were no air or water、 there would be no living things on the earth.假如没有水和空气, 地球上就不会有生物； 事实：地球上既有空气也有水4.if i had any money with me、 i c

4、ould lend you some.假如我带钱了,我就会借给你些；（事实：没带钱）5.if he studied harder、 he might pass theexam.假如他再努力些,就能通过考试了；（事实：没有努力2.表示与过去事实相反的情形例：1. if i had got there earlier、 i should/could have met her. 假如我早到那儿,我就会见到她；（事实：去晚了） 2.if he had taken my advice、 he would not have made such a mistake. 假如他听我的劝说的话, 就不会犯这样的错

5、误了；（事实：没有听我的话）3.表示对将来情形的主观估计 例： 1.if he should come here tomorrow、 i should/would talk to him. 假如他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈； （事实：来的可能性很小） 2.if there were a heavy snow next sunday、 we would not goskating.假如下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了；（事实：不知能否下雪）3. if she were to be there next monday、 i would tell her about the matter.假如她下

6、周一来这儿的话,我就会告知她这件事的始末；在表示建议.命令.要求等含义的宾语从句, 谓语动词常用虚拟语气, "should 动词原形 " 构成,should 可省略；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载4. 有时,主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作如不为同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整；从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符；如：if i had worked hard at school、 i would be an engineer、too.假如我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了if they had inform

7、ed us、 we would not come here now.假如他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了,从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符；如： if he were free today、 we would have sent him to beijing. 假如他今日有空的话, 我们会已经派他去北京了；if he knew her、 he would have greeted her.要为他熟悉她的话,他确定会去问候她了；从句的动作与过去发 生的情形相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情形相反；如： if it had not been raining too

8、much、 the crops would be growing much better.假如天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好；ifhe hadbeen workinghard、he wouldbeworking in the office now.要为他始终努力工作的话,他现在已进了办公室了；5. 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were、 should、 had 时,if 可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即将were、 should、 had 等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语；如：should he agree to go there、 we would send him there.要为他

9、答应去的话,我们就派他去；were she here、 she would agree with us.假如她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的；had he learntabout computers、 we wouldhave hired him to work here.假如她懂一些电脑学问的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了；6.非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词.介词短语.上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情形下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without.、 butfor.等butforhis help、 we wouldbe workingnow.要不为他的

10、帮忙,我们仍会在工作呢；without your instruction、 iwould not havemade such great progress.要为没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步；we didn t knowhis telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码,否就我们 就会给他打电话；7. 有时,虚拟条件句中,主.从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种剧烈的感情；省略从句he would have finished it.他本该完成了；youcouldhave passed th

11、isexam.你应当能通过这次考试了；省略主句ifi were at home now.要为我现在在家里该多好啊；ifonly i had got it.要为我得到它了该多好啊；.虚拟语气（ subjunctive mood 的其他用法1.虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句a.表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式eg. iwishihad your brains. 我期望我有你那样的头脑；事实：我根本比不上你 b.表示与过去事实相反的愿望, 谓语动词：had+done动词过去分词）eg:.i wish i had known the truth of the matter.我期望我原先知道

12、这件事的真相；（事实： 原先不知道）c.表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词： should/would +动词原形eg. i wish i should have a chance again. 我期望我仍能有一次这样的机 会；（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）注： if only和 as if/as though 也有相同用法）2.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中1. 在 for fear that、 in case、 lest引导的,如用虚拟语气时, 从句谓语为：should+动词原形；并且 should 不能省略she examined the door again for fear精品学习资料精选学

13、习资料 - - - 欢迎下载thata thiefshould come in.她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入；he started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就动身了以防迟到；2.在 so that、 in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might/ will/ would/ should +动词原形；he goes closer to the speaker so thathe can hear himclearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清晰； he read

14、the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信读得很认真以便不漏掉一个单词；3.虚拟语气的其他用法1.一坚持 insist 二命令 order. command 三建议 advice. suggest. propose 四要求 demand. require. request. desire. 中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用：“ should +动词原形”或只用“动词原形”；如 he suggested thatwe should take the teacher s advicehe ins

15、isted thatwe should take the teachers advicehe demand thatwe should take the teacher s advicehe ordered thatwe should take the teachers advice注： insist 假如翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气；如：he insist he is a student.他坚持说他为个同学；这个语句表示的为事实, 因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气；suggest 意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“示意”就不用虚拟语气；如： his face

16、suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担忧；这个句子本身为事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气；表心情 .观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语 气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising.funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等；句型： it is.that结构后的主语从句,从句的 谓语动词都要用should+ 原型 或只用动词原型；2. 在 even if、 even though所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句.从句的结构与if

17、所引导的条件从句结构相同；如： even if he were here himself、 he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办；nobody could save himeven thoughhua tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他；3. 在 whatever ,whichever ,whenever,whoever、 wherever ,however、 no matter wh-word等引导的让步状语从句中, 从句虚拟语气结构为： may+动词原形 指现在或将来 ；如：we will finish i

18、t on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管发生什么事, 我们都要按时完成；we will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他； i will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他； may +完成式 指过去 ,主句结构不限；如：you mustn t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have

19、made. 不 管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能自豪 we must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误, 我们必需敬重他；4.一般 would rather、 had rather、 would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气；其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去 had+过去分词；现在过去时be 用 were 将来 过去时 be 用 were 如： i d rather you had seen the film y

20、esterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影； i d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿； wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿5.虚拟语气仍可用在定语从句中,表示：“早该做某事了”时,定语从句 中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为：it is high / about time that+主语+动词的过去式 / should +动词原形,即从句用虚拟过去式；如 it is time that i went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿

21、了； it is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载6. 简洁句中的虚拟语气（1） 说话时,为了表示客气.虚心.委婉 而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气；其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +原形动词；如： would you mind my shutting the door.我把门关起来你介意吗？ you should always learnthis lesson by heart.你要把这个教训牢记于心； i should agree with you

22、.我应当同意你的观点； （ 2） 表示“希望”时,常用“may +主语+ 动词原形 + 其他”；如： may you have a good journey.祝你一路顺风；may your youth last for ever.祝你青春永驻；（ 3）表示剧烈的“愿望”.“希望”时,常用动词原形； 如： long live the communist party of china.中国共产党万岁； god bless us. 上帝保佑；（ 4） 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气； 1 提出恳求或邀请； 如： would you like to have a talk with us thiseveni

23、ng. 今日晚上来跟我们谈天好吗？could i use your bike now.我可以用一下你的单车吗？ 2 陈述自己的观点或看法；如：i should glad to meet you.见到你我会很兴奋； i would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮忙你； 3 提出劝说或建议；如： you d better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲； you should make a full investigation of it first.你应当先全面调查一番； 4 提出问题；如： do youthinkhe couldg

24、et hereon time.你认为他能按时来吗？ do you expect he would tell us the truth.你期望他会告知我们真相吗？5 表示对过去情形的批评时,常用虚拟语气； 其虚拟语气的结构为： “情态动词+ have + 过去分词”；如：you should have got here earlier.你应当早就到这里了； you should have returned it to him.你应当把它仍给他了；练习以及解析1.i enjoyed the movie very much. i wish i the book from which it wasma

25、de.a. have readb. had readc. should have readd. are reading2. you are late. if you a few minutes earlier、 you him.a. come; would meetb. had come; would have metc. come; will meetd. had come; would meet3. the two students talked as if they friends for years.a. should beb. would bec. have beend. had b

26、een4. it is important that i with mr. williams immediately.a. speakb. spokec. will speakd. to speak5. he looked as if he ill for a long time.a. wasb. werec. has beend. had been6. if the doctor had come earlier、 the poor child would not .a. have laid there for two hoursb. have been lied there for two

27、 hoursc. have lied there for two hoursd. have lain there for twohours7.i wish that i with you last night.a. wentb. could goc. have goned. could have gone8.let s say you could go there again、 how feel.a. will youb. should youc. would youd. do you精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载9.i cant stand him. he always ta

28、lks as though he everything.a. knewb. knowsc. has knownd. had known10. the fog、 we should have reached our school.a. because ofb. in spite ofc. in case ofd. but for11. if you had told me in advance、 i him at the airport.a. would meetb. would had metc. would have metd. would have meet12. mike can tak

29、e hiscar apart and put it back together again. icertainly wish he me how.a. teachesb. will teachc. has taughtd. would teach13.i wouldhave told himthe answer had itbeen possible、 buti so busy then.a. had beenb. werec. wasd. would be14. hes working hard for fear that he .a. should fall behindb. fell b

30、ehindc. may fall behindd. would fallen behind15. if it another ten minutes、 the game would have been called off.a. had rainedb. would have rainedc. have seend. rained16. he suggested that they use a trick instead of fighting.a. shouldb. wouldc. dod. had17. my father did not go to new york; the docto

31、r suggested that he there.a. not wentb. won t goc. not god. not to go18.i would have gone to the meeting if i time.a. had hadb. have hadc. hadd. would have had19. would you rather i buying a new bike.a. decided againstb. will decide againstc. have decidedd. shall decide against20. you look so tired

32、tonight. it is time you .a. go to sleepb. went to sleepc. go to bedd. went to bed21.why didn t you buy a new car.i would have bought one if i enough money.a. hadb. have hadc. would haved. had had22. if she could sew、 .a. she make a dressb. she would have made a shirt精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载c. she wil

33、l make a shirtd. she would had made a coat23. today、 he would get there by friday.a. would he leaveb. was he leavingc. were he to leaved. if he leaves24. his doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad.a. will takeb. would takec. taked. took25. the bakers arrived last night. if theyd only let us kn

34、ow earlier、 at the station.a. we d meet themb. we ll meet themc. we d have met themd. we ve met them26. if i you、 i more attention to english idioms and phrases.a. was; shall payb. am; will payc. would be; would payd. were; would pay27. we might have failed if you us a helping hand.a. have not given

35、b. would not givec. had not givend. did not give28. the law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.a. hasb. hadc. haved. will have29. it is strange that he so.a. would sayb. would speakc. should sayd. will speak30. had i known her name、 a. or does she know mine.b. and where does

36、 she live.c. she would be beautiful.d. i would have invited her to lunch.31. he has just arrived、 but he talks as if he all about that.a. knowb. knowsc. knownd. knew32. if i the money、 i would have bought a much bigger car.a. possessedb. ownedc. hadd. had had33. he was very busy yesterday; otherwise

37、、 he to the meeting.a. would comeb. camec. would have comed. will come34. the librarianinsists thatjohn no more books fromthe library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.a. will takeb. tookc. taked. takes35.i left very early last night、 but i wish i so early.a. didnt leaveb. hadn t leftc

38、. haven t leftd. couldn t leave36.i do not have a job. i would find one but i no time.a. hadb. didnt have精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载c. had hadd. have37.i wishthat you such a bad headache because i msure thatyou would have enjoyed the concert.a. hadn tb. didnt have hadc. hadn t hadd. hadn t have38. he in

39、sisted that we all in his office at one oclock.a. beb. to bec. would bed. shall be39. helen couldnt go to france after all. thats too bad. im sure she would have enjoyed it if .a. she s goneb. she ll goc. shed goned. she d go40.i must go there earlier. john has suggested that i an hour before the discussion begins.a. gob. shall goc. will god. would go15 bbdad610 ddcad1115 cdcaa16 20 acaad2125 dbccc2630 dcccd3135 ddccb3640 dcacd解析：1.wish 后面用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时；2.条件句表示与过去事实相反, 主句