夜色温柔 英语文学论文

1、XX UniversityCONTRADICTORY LIFE-ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DICKS DUAL PERSONALITY AND HIS TRAGIC FATEA ThesisSubmitted to the College of Foreign Language and Culture StudiesIn Partial Fulfillment of Requirements forDegree of Bachelor of ArtsByxxxUnder Supervision of Professor xxxJune 2015摘要夜色温柔是20世纪美

2、国著名作家菲茨杰拉德以自己为原型创作的长篇小说。该论文研究了本书主人公迪克·戴佛的双重人格形成原因和其悲剧命运的必然性。本论文分三章进行了讨论：第一章介绍迪克双重人格的体现，主要表现在他日神精神和酒神精神的交错互响上；第二章探讨了其双重人格的成因，社会风气的异常和自身性格的矛盾难辞其咎；第三章分析了双重人格导致的结局，性格中的绝对矛盾必然导致一系列悲剧的诞生。从某种意义上讲，迪克自我毁灭的结局从一开始就注定了。关键词：双重人格；自我毁灭；悲剧AbstractTender is the Night is a proto-novel written by the famous Ameri

3、can writer in the 20th century F. Scott Fitzgerald who wrote this novel for his own prototype. This paper studied the formation reasons of the protagonist in this book Dick Diver's dual personality and the necessity of his tragic fate. This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapte

4、r introduces the embodiment of Dicks dual personality. He is struggling in his Apollonian spirit and Dionysian spirit. The second chapter discusses the cause of his dual personality. The anomalies of social climate and contradictions in his own character are to blame such dual personality. The third

5、 chapter analyzes the results that dual personality leads to. The absolute contradiction in his character inevitably leads to a series of tragedy. In a sense, self-destruction as Dicks ending is doomed from the start.Key Words: dual personality; self-destruction; tragedyContents摘要2Abstract3Introduct

6、ion5Chapter 16Embodiment of the dual personality61.1 Apollonian spirit61.2 Dionysian spirit6Chapter 27Cause of the dual personality72.1 Dicks contradictory characters72.2 Social environment7Chapter 38Results of the dual personality83.1 Self-indulgence83.2 Self-destruction9Conclusion9Bibliography10In

7、troduction Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald(1896-1940), who occupies an enduring and outstanding position in American literary history, is peculiar as well as enigmatic with his special lifetime which is full of ups and downs. Rarely does any other writer in American literary history possess so many tit

8、les such as the spokesman and laureate of the Jazz Age, one of the typical representatives of the Lost Generation, a popular or serious social writer, and so forth. Because of the divergent critical assertions on Fitzgerald, his works, especially TITN(Hereafter, Tender Is the Night is abbreviated as

9、 TITN) still undergo a complicated journey of acceptance in critical world.At its first publication in 1934, TITN was confronted with many unfavorable criticisms, which made Fitzgerald headed into obscurity. For the new structure of the novel, many critics reckoned that it was confusing and that the

10、 real reason for the hero's degeneration was notaccounted clearly. Since 1960s, the social and historical significance and artistic values of TITN have been re-evaluated. And more than 1000 critical articles and over 10 books on TITN have been published. At the very beginning of 21th century, Ch

11、inese academia has made enormous progress in the study of Fitzgerald. All criticisms from home and abroad have built a foundation for an eventual acceptance of TITN as a lasting, brilliant work which intensified Fitzgerald's literary reputation and position. However, through close reading both o

12、f the novel and its literature review, the author of this thesis finds that the review of TITN mainly focuses on the analysis of its disillusioned theme, or peculiar structure system but rarely refers to the connection between Dicks dual personality and his tragic fate. Besides, there are still prej

13、udiced and controversial opinions on Fitzgerald and TITN. Last but not least, the accumulation of studies on Fitzgerald and TITN has already reached a state that the research should be furthered as time develops by discovering new angle of exploration and new method of analysis. The tragic aesthetic

14、 sense of TITN and the duality of Apollonian and Dionysian spirits of Nietzsche's theory on tragedy are respectively such a rarely trodden field and a new approach that few former scholars have worked upon.In TITN, the tragic figure Dick epitomizes the author's own tragic experiences of life

15、 and self-contradictory dual personality with his inner conflicts. From point, this thesis, based upon the previous scholar's research about the tragedy of TITN aims at further analyzing the tragic consciousness of Fitzgerald and the contradictory dual personality of the protagonist Dick as a tr

16、agic figure by employing Apollonian and Dionysian spirits of Nietzsche's early theory on tragedy.This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the embodiment of Dicks dual personality. He is struggling in his Apollonian spirit and Dionysian spirit. The second chapter d

17、iscusses the cause of his dual personality. The anomalies of social climate and contradictions in his own character are to blame such dual personality. The third chapter analyzes the results that dual personality leads to. The absolute contradiction in his character inevitably leads to a series of t

18、ragedy.Chapter 1Embodiment of the dual personality1.1 Apollonian spiritIn this chapter, the author of the thesis mainly anatomizes the Apollonian spirit that is reflected by Dick. Dick is much similar to handsome Apollo possessing various attributes which are much akin to those of Apollo, such as co

19、nfidence, rationality, soberness, repose, ideal, and so forth. Apollo who is the symbol of all the beautiful illusion or appearance, is very handsome and gentle. Franz praises him that: "You are attractive to women, Dick" (TITN 153). In the novel, women especially Nicole and Rosemary are a

20、ttracted by Dick's Apollonian figure at first sight. Dick's mature attractiveness as Apollo is mostly exhibited to readers by Rosemary in the first section of the novel. Rosemary believes that Dick is the most wonderful person she has ever met. She admires and adores him: "His step was

21、alert as if he had just come from some great doings and was hurrying on toward others. Organizer of private gaiety, curator of a richly encrusted happiness. His hat was a perfect hat and he carried a heavy stick and yellow gloves" (TITN 87)According to Nietzsche, "Apollo is the most sublim

22、e expression of the repose of man wrapped in his individuality一sublime in that, by his very distance, by the way in which he exceeds earth-faring men, he draws them up into their repose" (The Birth of Tragedy 33). In a word, the external qualities and manners of Dick bear a striking likeness to

23、 that of Apollo. Possessing some enchantment of Apollonian nature, Dick has a chance to temporarily climb to upper class as a popular socialite.1.2 Dionysian spirit In TITN , Dick at first leaves an impression of Apollonian temperament as a self-confident and promising doctor on the people who spend

24、 their summer holiday on the beach of French Riviera. However, underneath his shinning fantasy, which appeals to people's admiration, the irrational, chaotic and frenzied Dionysian spirit is unconsciously arising in him. As Zhu Guangqian puts it: "It is indeed very difficult to imagine a pe

25、rson with a purer Apollonian spirit' and a greater dissociation with the Dionysian spirit"' (The Psychology of Tragedy 12), Dick also has specialties of Dionysus.Thus, it reminds us of the phenomenon that pain begets joy, that jubilation may wring sounds of agony Dick, who is inwardly o

26、n the verge of breakdown while outwardly keeping good, slowly shows his Dionysia characteristics with his consequential self-indulgence in the extramarital love with Rosemary and his excessive drinking as well as his violent behaviors.Chapter 2Cause of the dual personality2.1 Dicks contradictory cha

27、ractersDick is a bounded, full of hope for the future, family and love, a promising young psychiatrists. Since he met Nicole, he showed his uncommon kindness and extremely optimistic attitude toward life. For a long time, Dick has been trying to assume the dual responsibility of the husband and doct

28、or. And he was suffering from high society, Warren family and his wife who is a seriously mental patient. Under the pressure, he still shows the elegant demeanor. Because Nicole herself is an upper-class victims of materialistic expansion, moral decay. She was insanitied by her biological father, th

29、is story inspired Dick strong compassion. He once had dreams completing his great medicine book.But this is just Dicks ideal kingdom. He eventually returned to his ontology. In the sixth year after marriage, young and close of rosemary with bold and directness, bud intelligence sinus into his "

30、quiet place". She obsessed with Dick and unreservedly to express the emotion. After all sorts of struggle, he got divorced with Nicole abandoning all elaboration in past decade. And quietly went back to the remote town in the western United States with the end of the business decline gradually.

31、 Ten years he experienced hope, depression, guilt, anger, disappointment, such as multiple emotional change. These feelings of internal cause and external cause made him struggling, aggregation, splitting. And eventually made Dick a man with extremely complexed contradiction, complexed emotions.2.2

32、Social environment In addition to Dick's own personality, social factor is also to blame. In his era, there are only parties, dance and drink. The Jazz Age will be shrouded in a tender and soft in the dim light of night without any bright future. This is an era full of contradictions, boom and u

33、nrest, peace and riots, the postwar new ideas and traditional values. The rapid development of economy, science and technology stimulates the brain of the people. Everyone has its own "American dream" in their heart. In TITN , Dick married life romantic and luxurious, frequented cocktail p

34、arties, travelling to Europe. But Jazz Age of prosperity and peace is the illusion of a table only. Experienced the devastation of the First War, the traditional moral ideas are collapsed, people expect a lasting peace. Hedonism became a kind of fashion, they binge at the cocktail party seeking stim

35、ulation. Disillusionment of "American dream" made people feel the unprecedented unrest in the empty and insensitive.Dick wanted to a great doctor, the temptation of time made him indulged in material world. He wanted to keep the economic independence and personality dignity, but he eventua

36、lly gave up to money.People in Jazz Age destined to the collapse of the spirit of tragedy fate. The Jazz Age is the age when people live a life without soul. And a soul like Dicks soul could not escape traps and finally come to the collapse of spirit. Dick's tragedy is not only his own tragedy,

37、but also the tragedy of The Times.Chapter 3Results of the dual personality3.1 Self-indulgence At the beginning of the novel, Dick is viewed from the eyes of Rosemary Hoyt. Dick, seriously exhausted by the patronage, is immediately and unavoidably attracted by Rosemary's youthful vigor and enthus

38、iasm, which he used to own and now has lost for a long time. According to the explanation of Zhu Guangqian who will give full rein to his primitive instincts, and abandons himself with his fellow-revelers to riotous orgies of sexual licenses. Dick slowly starts to get on the way of self-indulgence a

39、s Rosemary incessantly seduces him with her power of beauty and enthusiastic passion. Dick eventually abandons all moral restricts and disciplines and as well as forgets her youth. He kisses her breathlessly, and "Lovers now they fell ravenously on the quick seconds" (TITN 85). Now, Dick &

40、quot;was out of line with everything that had preceded it . and behaving as he did was a projection of some submerged reality: he was compelled to walk here, or stand here" (TITN 105). This submerged reality is virtually Dionysian spirit, simulating and driving Dick to addict to self-indulgence

41、, which marks a turning point in his life.Dick gives up his sober and self-restrained nature and acts as a self-indulgent person. "He was in love with every pretty woman he saw now, their forms at a distance, their shadows on a wall" (TITN 176). He doesn't hesitate a moment but resumes

42、 affair with Rosemary at once. "She wanted be taken and she was, and what had begun with a childish infatuation on a beach was accomplished at last" (TITN 248). From the self-indulgence in extremarital love with Rosemary, Dick plunges into stronger sense of desperation, slump and loss. As

43、a result, he addicts himself to excessive alcohol for the sake of searching for another way of salvation.3.2 Self-destruction Dicks self-destructin is revealed on his drunkness. The first time we meet Dick, he is "going from umbrella to umbrella carrying a bottle and little glasses in his hands

44、" (TITN 11).From that point on, there is alcohol involved in almost every scene. In the beginning, he has taken to drink a little because the alcohol perhaps would bring Rosemary "closer to him, it may be a part of the equipment for what she had do" (TITN 70). Later, he gradually cont

45、inues to develop a narcotic alcoholism. Matthew J. Bruccoli analyzes that: The holiday in Rome shows a break up of a fine personality Unlike "The Beautiful and the Damned the break-up will be caused not by flabbiness but really tragic forces such as the inner conflicts of the idealists and the

46、compromises forced upon him by circumstances. (Some Sort of Epic Gander 332) After being drunk, Dick often offend someone. Nicole is furious at Dick for having become fuddled and humiliated. She believes that "his awful faculty of being right seemed to have deserted him at last" has gone b

47、ankruptcy TITN 275). Consequently, Dick's promising career because of the betrayal of the cooperator who never after believed that Dick was a serious person" (TITN 280). On all accounts, Dick's wild, reckless actions represented by his self-indulgence and self-destruction. However, his

48、final tramping from one small town to another is not the indication of his full degeneration. It demonstrates that Dick has realized the cruelreality and the dark side of life. In the end, Dick in fact has eventually transformed himself from a priest to a tragic hero by tramping among small and obsc

49、ure villages, which implies the final formation of his tragic outlook on life.ConclusionThis paper studied the protagonist Dick's dual personality formation reasons and the necessity of his tragic fate. And there is an inseparable connection between these. The cause of his contradictory character is the indirect factors which leads to his tragedy fate. Distortion of Dick's personality and social climate make the end of tragic fate doomed. Although the author ends the Dick's life in the form of self-destruction. Th