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1、智赢国际英语-Luna英国历史大事件年表古代英国 -55BC Early settlement 750BC Celts began to come to setttle in the British Isles 55BC Early settlement 55BC-410 Roman Occupatio
2、n 54BC Julius Caesar invaded Britain 43BC Roman Emperor Claudius sent Roman Legions to Britain and conquered England 410 AD Romen Legions were
3、withdraw from Britain 410871 Anglo-Saxon Times:beginning of Feudalism 8th1066 Vikings SAXON RULERS 829 Egbert ruled England 871 King Alfred fought
4、;against the Danish11 DANISH RULERS 1016 Danish King Canute conquered England , and became king of England SAXON RULERS 1066 Harold became ki
5、ng, and was killled at Hastings. The Battle of Hastings .Duke of Normany ,William conquered England and was crowned on Christmas Day,as king William . HOUSE OF
6、;PLANTAGENET 1154 Henry began the House of Angou KINGS OF ENGLAND AND LORDS OF IRELAND 1170 Henry four knights to kill the Archbis
7、hop of Canterbury Thomas Becket 1198 Richard .joined the third crursade1215 King John signed the Magna Carte1265 Simon de Montfort summoned t
8、he first parliament 1282 Edward conquered Wales 1295 Edward summoned “Model Parliament” 1296 Edward invaded Scotland 13371453 The Hundred Yearswa
9、r 1348 The Black Death struck England 1381 Wat Tyler Uprising HOUSE OF LANCASTER 1399 Henry began the House of Lancaster
10、160;1455-1485 the wars of the Roses HOUSE OF YORK 1461 Edward began the house of York 近代英国HOUSE OF TUDOR 1485 Henry began th
11、e house of Tudor 1509 Henry came to the throne 1516 Thomas More published Utopia 1534 Henry passed the “Act of Supremacy”
12、160;KINGS(QUEENS) OF ENDLAND AND IRELAND 1558 Elizabeth was crowned 1587 Elizabeth ordered Mary Queen of Scots to sentenced to death 1588
13、60; England defeated Spains Armada 1600 The East India Company was set up KINGS(QUEENS) OF ENGLAND ,SCOTLAND AND IRELAND HOUSE OF STAUART
14、0;1603 James began the house of stuart 1629 Charles agreed to sign the Petition of Right 1642 King Charles sent soldiers to arrest
15、the Parliament leaders and Points” the League of nation.Britain divided with France the control over German-held territory in Aferica and the Near East 1924
16、0; Ramsay Macponald led the first Labour Party government KINGS(QUEENS)OF UNITED KINGDOM OF GREATBRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 1929 NY stock Market crashed, beg
17、inning the Great Depression 1932 Britain enacted protective tariffs and ceased payment on war debts to US 1935 Baldwin replaced MacDonald
18、60;as Prime Minister 1936 George VI came to throne, social problems faded with the emergence of Nazism 1937 Baldwin resigened to be succeeded as
19、0;rime Minister by Neille Chamberlain 1939 On September 3th Chamberlain broadcast to the nation that Britain was in the Second World War 1940 &
20、#160; Winston Churchil formed a coalition government 1941 the pearl Habor Event-us joined withBritain against Japan German troops weakened after failure in invading
21、160;Russia-The Battle of Stalingrad 1944 The Allied Forces landed in Normandy 1945 In the end of the Second World War, Germany and Japan subse
22、quently surrender. 1947 India and Pakistan gain independence from Britain. 1949 NATO,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ,was estiblished. And Brit&
23、#160;in had declined to attend the Council of Europe. 1950:The Korean War broke out. Elizabeth 1952 Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth.
24、 A four-day London “smog” raised the citys death toll to three times its normal. 1955 London passed its Clean Air Act.
25、; Wartime hero Winston Churchill in ill health resigned. 1956 The Suez Crisis broke out. 1957 Treaty of Rome established the European
26、160;Econormic Community. 1967 Britain was forced to devalue the pound in an attempt to check inflation and improve the trade deficit. 1973 Britain be
27、came a full member of the European Community which was still called the Common Market. And joined the European Union Britain witnessed t
28、he first oil shock. 1979 Margaret Thatcher became the Prime Minister. 1981 Prince Charles married lady Diana Spencer. 1984 Mrs. Thatcher visited Chi
29、na. 1990 John Major took over thereigns of the Conserative Party as Prime Minister. 1993 Britain ratified the Maastricht Treaty. 1995 Major resigned
30、as party leader in June. 1997 Diana Princess died in an autommobtle accident in Paris. HK was returned to Chinese sovereignty.
31、160; Tony Blair became Prime Minister. 2001 Tony Blair was re-elected Prime Minister on June 8. 2003 Blair , with George Bush, led a coalition of
32、military forces in an attack on Iraq in March. 2005 Tony Blair won his third term as Prime Minister . 2006 An alleged airplane bomb plot threw
33、0;whole Britain in chaos . 2007 There was a clash between UK and Iran .Naval forces of Irans . Revolutionary Cruards captured 15
34、160;Britain sailors. Tony Blair stepped down from office on June 27. Gordon Brown became Britain Prime Minister. 关键名词及解
35、释1. London London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and&
36、#160;the headquarters of the vast majority of Britains big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major internationa
37、l financial centers in the world. 2. Robin Hood Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions from the Normans, he became
38、an outlaw and hid himself with his band of “merry men” in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor. 3.
39、60;Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the
40、 founders of England. 4. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back wi
41、th his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 5. King Harold He was the Saxon King whose army
42、was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from France. 6. The Bill of Rights of 1689 In 1688, King James IIs
43、60;daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of
44、0;Parliament, The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. 7. The Constitution Britain has no written Constitut
45、ion. The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through commo
46、n practice in the courts; and conventions. 8. The functions of Parliament The functions of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government
47、60;policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. 9. The House of Lords The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who
48、60;are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat fr
49、om their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public. 10. The House of Commons The House of
50、 Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected represent the interests of the people who vote for them.
51、160;10. The importance of general elections General elections are very important in western democracy. According to the author, they provide opportunities for people to influence
52、160;future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders. 11. The formation of the government 651 members of parliament are elected in the general ele
53、ction representing 651 constituencies in the UK. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in parliament forms the government, with its party leader as the P
54、rime Minister. 12. The electoral campaigns Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policie
55、s known to the public, The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and “party electoral broadcasts” on the television.
56、60;The parties also try to attack and criticize the opponents policies, Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. 13. Ethnic relations in the&
57、#160;UK The coming of immigrants groups from other parts of the world has greatly enriched British culture. But ethnic relations are also sometimes tense: the local peopl
58、e view the newcomers as a threat to their way of living; and despite much official actions to minimize racism, both subtle and overt oppression remains. The immigran
59、t population is not well-off economically. They face problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the justice system. 14. C
60、omprehensive schools Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and
61、160;provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking. 15. Grammar schools It is a
62、type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called “the 11-plus”. Those children with the highest marks go
63、 to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of thei
64、r pupils to go on to universities. 16. Independent schools Independent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding
65、 through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but the quality of instruction
66、160;and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majestys Inspectors of Schools. These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich. 17.
67、;The Open University The Open University was founded in Britain in the1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social
68、;reasons. Its open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, co
69、rrespondence, videos and a net work of study centers. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. 18. “F
70、ootball hooligans” “Football hooligans” reflect the violence associated with football. While all social classes used to join in the local football match, it was regarded as
71、60;being not at all suitable for gentlemen. Visitors from abroad sometimes complained about stumbling into the midst of a rough and dangerous game when walking the street
72、s of London, while local householders and merchants were troubled by having their windows broken by stray footballs. Drinking hard went along with playing hard. Today, vi
73、olence is still associated with football. “Football hooligans” are supporters of rival teams. They sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot t
74、hrough the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. 19. Cricket and “fair play” Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organi
75、zed rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. The reason that fixed rules were applied to cricket so early on was a financial one: aristocr
76、ats loved betting on cricket matches and if people were going to rick money on a game, they wanted to ensure that the game would be played fairly. In Brita
77、in people from all walks of life play cricket, but in the 19th century, cricket was a sport played mainly by the upper classes. It was a kind of “snob”
78、0;game played by boys who attended public schools. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its coloni
79、es, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of “fair play” which supposedly characterized British government. 20. Wimbledon Wimbledon is
80、160;the name of a London suburb. In Wimbledon the world best players gather to compete on grass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting
81、60;calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associated with the “Wimbledon fortnight”
82、 are eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesnt rain. 21. The three traditions of Christmas in Britain There are three Christmas traditio
83、ns which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. The main male character is played by a young woman while The main female
84、160;character, often an ugly woman called “the Dame”, is played by a man. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her&
85、#160;realm over the television and radio. A third British tradition is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that p
86、eople gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed. However, a
87、;new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low
88、prices. 22. Orange Marches These events can be traced back to the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants. Now the Protestants celebrate their victory at t
89、he Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. The Catholic King James II was forced off the throne in 1688. William of Orange was invited to take the throne
90、60;and James was driven into exile. The Twelfth of July is the high point of what is known as the Marching Season, when Protestant “Orangemen” take to the stree
91、ts wearing their traditional uniforms and orange sashes, marching through the streets singing, banging drums and playing in marching bands. The Orangemen often clashverbally, legal
92、ly or sometimes violentlywith the Catholics as they attempt to parade through Catholic neighborhoods. Therefore, during Orange Marches there is a massive police and army prese
93、nce surrounding the parades and the atmosphere can be very tense. 23. Eisteddfod Wales has a long poetic tradition. Poems written in the traditional Welsh language
94、and style are governed by ancient codes and conventions. This poetic tradition has been celebrated for centuries.英国历史重大事件年表 约公元前3000年,伊比利亚人进入不列颠,以长坟闻名 约公元前2000年,建立巨石阵;宽口陶器人出现,以钟形容器闻名 约公元前700年,三波凯尔特人进入不列颠:盖
95、尔人、布立吞人、贝尔格人 l 公元前55年,Julius Caesar率罗马军团入侵不列颠,开启不列颠有文字记载的历史 l 公元43年Claudius皇帝时期,罗马正式占领不列颠,不列颠的罗马时代持续400年 l 597年,教皇格里高利一世派St. Augustine到不列颠传教 l 9世纪,Egbert成为第一位英格兰国王 l 1066年诺曼征服:忏悔者爱德华、哈罗德、征服者威廉;斯坦福桥、黑斯廷斯战役;封建制度完全建立。 l 1086年威廉一世“末日审
96、判书”完成 l 1170年大主教贝克特被刺,亨利二世宗教改革失败 l 12、13世纪,牛津、剑桥大学建校 l 1215年约翰王被迫签订大宪章,限制王权 l 1265年的大议会标志着向现代议会的转变,签署牛津协定 l 1284年爱德华一世征服威尔士,创立“威尔士亲王”封号 l 1337-1453年爱德华三世发动英法百年战争,亨利五世取得大胜 l 1348年爆发黑死病,劳动力短缺、土地闲置、转耕为牧、农民可讨价还价l 劳工法令Statute
97、;of Labours 禁止提高农民工资 l 1381年农民起义,理查二世欺骗起义军、谋杀瓦特·泰勒 l 14、15世纪,圣安德鲁大学、格拉斯哥大学、阿伯丁大学、爱丁堡大学在苏格兰建校 l 1455-1485玫瑰战争:爱德华四世胜利、爱德华五世失踪、理查三世被击杀、亨利七世建立都铎王朝 l 1529-1534年亨利八世进行宗教改革Reformation,确立英王为独立的英格兰教会最高领袖,脱离罗马教皇 l 1558-1603伊丽莎白一世统治 l 1588年击败无敌舰队Armada l 文艺复兴Renaissance (1350-1650)和英国文艺复兴(1485-) l
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