2022年2022年初中定语从句讲解及练习

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载中学定语从句讲解及练习一.定义： 在复合句中,修饰某一 名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；如： 1 the man who lives next to usis a policeman.2 you must do everythingthat i do .上面两句中的 man 和 everything为定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面；* 引导定语从句的词有 关系代词 that、 which、 who宾格 whom、全部格whose 和关系副词 where、 when .why* 关系词常有三个作用： 1.引导定语从句2.代替

2、先行词3 .在定语从句中担当一个成分二.关系代词引导的定语从句* 1.who 指人,在从句中做主语1the boys who are playing footballare from class one. 2yesterday i helped an old manwho lost his way .* 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略；(1) mr. liu is the person whom you talked about.留意：关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替,可省略；(2) the man who/whom you met just nowi

3、s my friend.* 3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. which在句子中做主语(2) this is the pen which he bought yesterday. which在句子中做宾语 * 4. that 指人时,相当于who 或者 whom ；指物时,相当于which ,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略；(1) the people that/who come to visit the cityare all here. 在句子

4、中做主语(2) where is the man （that/whom）i saw this morning . 在句子中做宾语 * 5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor .(2) i lived in a housewhose roof has fallen in .whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3) the classroom whose door is brokenwill soon be repaired.=the classroomthe door of which

5、is brokenwill soon be repaired. 4do you like the bookwhose color is yellow.=do you like the bookthe color of which is yellow.* 详细使用时仍要留意以下问题：1.只能使用 that、 不用 which的情形：*1） 当先行词为： all 、 any 、 anything 、 everything 、 nothing或被它们修饰时； is there anything that i can do for you .有什么可以为你做的吗？all that can be don

6、e must be done .凡为能做的都必需做；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；例如：that is one of the most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop .那为这家书店出售的最好玩的书之一；the first thing that we should do is to get some food .我们该做的第一件事为弄点吃的；* 3）当先行词有：the only 、 the very 、 the same 、 the last等修饰时；例如

7、：my necklace is not the onlything that's missing .我的项链不仅为丢掉的东西；* 4）当主句以 who 或 which 开头时,定语从句中引导词用that 、 不用 which或 who,以防止重复；例如：who is the girl that is wearing a red coat .正穿一件红色外套的女孩子为谁？* 5）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that；例如：the writerand his novelthatyouhave just talkedaboutare really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以

8、及他的小说的确很闻名；2.只用 which 不用 that 的情形：* 1 关系代词前有介词时；e.g. this is the room in which lu xun lived.*2非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略；e.g. that necklace、 which you gave me as a present、 was lost yesterday. he has a daughter、 whoworks in a hospital.*3先行词本身为 that 时；e.g. the clock is that which tells the time非限定性定语从句

9、的作用为对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常为引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立；charles smith、 who was my former teacher、 retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经为我的老师；（非限 there is somebodyhere whowants tospeak to you 这里有人要和你说话限制性 *4 which 仍有一种特别用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代 替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中,which 可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情形下意思为与and this相像,并可以

10、指人；he did very well in the competition、which made his parents very happy.* 关系代词whom , which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一 起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,that was the roomin whichwe had lived for ten years.= that was the roomwhich we had livedin for ten years.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载

11、精品资料欢迎下载* 像 listen to、 look at、 take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开；例如：this is the boy whom she has taken care of .三.关系副词引导的定语从句* 1.when ：当主句中的先行词 即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词 为表示时间意义的名词时, 它只能作定语从句的时间状语, 放在定语从句句首； 假如定语从句的引导词为作该定语从句的主语或宾语, 就要改用关系代词 that 或 which 来引导；例如：i ll never forget the timewhen we worked o

12、n the farm. he arrived in beijing on the daywhen i left.the days when we used foreign oil are gone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了；i'll never forget the daywhen i was born. =i'll never forget my birthday.我永久不会遗忘我诞生的日子；it happened in novemberwhen the weather was wet and cold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月；the day that i alw

13、ays remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最难忘的日子为我的生日；that 作定语从句 "that i always remember in all my life"的宾语, that 可以省略 * 2.where ：当主句中的先行词为表示地点意义的名词时,它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语, 放在定语从句的句首； 假如定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时,也要改用关系代词that 或 which 来引导；例如：the factory where his father works is in the east of

14、the citythis is the roomwhere in whichi lived last year.这就为我去年住过的房间；isthistheclassroomwhere=inwhichtheoldworkerisgoingto make/give us a report.这就为那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？let's look for a place where we can swim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧；the building that is being built over there will be a new hospital. 正 在 那 边建的楼

15、房将为一家新医院； 引导词 that 作定语从句 "that is being built over there" 的主语 that is the factorythat they visited last month.那就为他们上个月参观过的工厂；引导词 that 作定语从句 "that they visited last month"的宾语,that可以省略 * 留意：不要以为在时间名词后就肯定用关系副词when ,在地点名词后就肯定用关系副词where ,在表示缘由的 thereason 后就肯定用关系副词why ；究竟选用关系副词仍为关系代词,关

16、键为看它们在从句中为用作状语用关系副词仍为用作主语或宾语 用关系代词 ；如：don t forget the timethat ive told you.不要遗忘我告知你的时间；that 用作 told 的宾语 精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载ill never forget the days when i worked with you.我永久不会遗忘我与你共事的日子； when 用作状语 he works in a factorythat /whichmakes radio parts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作； that/ which在从句中用作主语

17、,且不能省略he works in the factorywhere his father worked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作； where 作状语 thats the reason that /which he explained to us.那就为他向我们说明的理由； that 或 which 在从句中用作 explained 的宾语 that s the reason why she left home.那就为她离家出走的缘由；why 在从句中作状语 * 英语中的关系副词主要为when、where、why三个,不要想当然地将how 用作关系副词修饰the way ；如不说thi

18、s is the way how he spoke ,可改为this is how he spokehow引导的为表语从句 ,当然也可说成this is the waythat/in whichhe spoke. 其中的 that/inwhich 可省略 * 另外, when 和 where 可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why 就只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句；sunday is a holiday 、 when people do not go to work.星期天为假日,（这天）人们不上班；he took us into the classroom 、wher

19、e there were only a few students.他把我们带进教室,那儿只有少数几个同学；* 在定语从句的使用中, oneof 后面的名词为复数,这个复数名词制约 后面的定语从句的谓语动词, 用复数； 而在 oneof前面有 the 或 theonly 时,后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词就用单数形式；he is theonlyoneofthe students whois elected. jasper isone of those people whoknowabout the accident .定 语 从 句 练 习一.用关系代词填空： that.which.who .

20、whom.whose 1.this is the man wants to see you.2.the student answered the question is zhang hua. 3.the man you went to see has come.4.the man i met yesterday lent me some money. 5.the woman you saw is our geography teacher. 6.the runner you are asking about is over there. 7.the person you should writ

21、e to is mr. ball.8.the man was passing by saw what happened. 9.here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 10.these books you lent me were very useful.11.the storybook i have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.a clock is a machine tells people the time. 13.this is shirt i bought yesterda

22、y.14.a dictionary is a book gives the meaning to the word.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载15. the book is on the table is mine.16. the film they are talking about is very interesting.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载17.i will never forget the people and the places 18.is there anyone family is in beijing.i have

23、 ever visited.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载19. show me the boy mother is a well-known singer. 20.the boy father is a teacher is good at english.二.单项挑选 1. your teacher of chinese is a young lady comes from beijing.a. whob. whichc. whomd. whose 2. what s the name of the program .a. which are listeningb. you

24、 are listening toc. to that you are listeningd. that you are listening 3. the students were all interested you told them yesterday.a. in whichb. in that thisc. all thatd. in everything 4. he was the only person in his office was invited.a. whomb. whosec. thatd. which 5. this is the museum we visited

25、 last year.a. whereb. in whichc. whichd. in that 6. charlie told his mother all had happened.a. thatb. whatc. whichd. who 7. do you know the student .a. whom i often talkb. with who i often talkc. i often talk withd. that i often talk 8. i like the house windows face south.a. whoseb. who sc. it'

26、sd. its 9. would you tell me where to get the dictionary .a. what i needb.i needc. which i need itd. that i need it 10. the young woman i spoke just now is a young doctor.a. whob. to whomc. whomd. that（）11.is this the factory you visited the other day.a. thatb. wherec. in whichd. the one（）12 . is th

27、is factory some foreign friends visited last friday.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. the one（）13 . is this the factory he worked ten years ago.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. the one（）14 . mr. herpin is one of the foreign experts who in china.a. worksb. is workingc. are workingc. has been working（）15.those not only from books but also through practice will succeed.a. learnb. whoc. that learnsd. who learn（）16.we re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night.a. whichb. whomc. whod. that精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载（）17.he failed