英语句子概论高中.

1、英语句子概论 英语句子的种类 简单句(simple sentence) 2并列句(compound sentence) 复合句(complex sentence)简单句的五种基本句型 The weather is very cold 主语+谓语（建系动词）+表语 He laughed. 主语+谓语(vi.) I like Chinese food. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 She taught them physics, 主语+谓语(vt)+间接宾语+直接宾语 We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt) )+宾语+宾语补足语 并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列

2、连词连接起来。 I turned on the TV. My sister I turned on the TV and my sister artUi watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didn9t like it. I bought my sister a presentbut【 常用并列连词：（人什 .f . K F ! and, both.and, not only. but also, 平行并列连词：neither.nor 转折并列连词：but, however, while, yet, 因果并列连词：for, so 并列句

3、选择并列连词：oieitheror 复合句:主句+从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 Noun 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词， 在复合句 中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。 His job is important. What he does is important This is his job This is what he does every day. I don5t like his job. I don5t like what he does every day I don5t know about the man, Mr. White

4、. 同位语, I don5t know about the fact that he is a teacher.( 主语 表语 Practice time:指出下列各名词性从句的种类。 1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the 2 She wondered if the buses would still be running. 3 The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run th

5、at far. 表语从句 4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. 宾语从句 5. When we will start is not clear. 主语从句 6 I had no idea that you were her friend Object Clauses afternoon. 宾语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 1. I know him . （简单句） 主语 谓语 宾语 2. I know who he is 主语 谓语 （复合句） 连词从句主语从句谓语 主 句 宾语从句 句子做宾

6、语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后 句子结构： 主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。 宾语从句的注意事项 引导词 句子类型 that 陈述句 if/whether （是否） 一般疑问句 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 一、连词(引导词) 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和 否定句)，连词由that引导,因为that在从 句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she woiTt take part in the sports meet

7、ing next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下 不能省略： (1) 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语吋, 第二个that不能省； (2) 当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 (3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do

8、. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud 在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如soiry, sure, afraid, glad等)作表语时，后面所跟 的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。 Im sorry (that) I dont know Were sure (that) our team will win . Iin afraid (that) he won% pass the exam . 2当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词 whether或if引导,“是否”，不能省略。 Lily wanted to know

9、if /whether her grandma liked the handbag Lefs see if /whether we can find out some information about that city She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books 注意 whether 和 if 的使用区别： l).whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句 a当有 or not 时就用 whether不用 if. I doiTt know whether or not I will stay. b介词后面的宾语从句不能用 i

10、f I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. Practice time if / whether 1. I asked her if / whether she had a bike. 2. WeJre worried about whether he is safe 3. I donJt know hcdicr he is well or not. 4 I donJt know whether or not he is well. 5 I donJt know whether/if I should go. whether to go.3. 当宾语

11、从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词 (what, who, whom, which, whose when where, how, why等)弓 I 导, 因为疑问词在 从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的 意义，所以不可以省略。 Do you know what he said just now ? Iremember when we arrived I asked him where I could get so much money Please tell me who whom we have to see Do you know what time the plane leaves ? 二

12、、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。 I know he lives here I know he lived here ten years ago I have heard that he will come tomorrow 2如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过 去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应 的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进 行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） I knew who lived here. I saw she was

13、talking with her mother He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it 3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序: 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 I dont know what is the matter the troublewrong with him. 1. When will he g

14、o to the library? His brother asks when ht will go to the library His brother asks when will he go to the library 2 What does he want to buy ? 幻 don9t know what he wants to buy . I dont know what dots he want to buy 1. The young man asked R) itfs summer or winter A. either B. that C. weather D. whet

15、her 2 We dont know A they did it A. how Be who C what 3. The teacher asks us B Jim can time 4 Does anybody know C we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not A. if where C. whether D that 5. Could you show me D ? A. how can I get to the station B where is the station C. how I could get to the

16、station D how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me C 一 A. what does he like B what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7 My sister told him B A what day was it B when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D where did you liveD which come back on A that C. when D what time 8 Someone

17、 is ringing the doorbell Go and see D A who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it is9. Could you tell me how long A. you have bought the watch Be you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D have you been a member of Greener China 10 He says that if it C tomorrow , he _ Pred

18、icative Clauses 表语从句 fishing A will rain , wont go Be rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D rain , will go 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从 句， 放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+系动词 + 表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的系动词有 be, look, remain seem 连挟词：that / whether /as if /as though （if不引导表语从句） who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / h

19、ow / because The question is whether we can rely on him That s because we were in need of money at that time He looked as if he was going to cry That s why I was late 1 衣表语从句中，表“是否”肘，只能用 “whetber” 不能用 “if”。 2 般情况下，“that”不能省。 3 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/fo)is / was that.

20、 4 The reason is that - ! 1. That s _ the Party called on us to do. A why what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine A. because B. why that D. Whether 3 That is _ they separated A. that B what C which 期;where 4. _ Jane is no longer she was four years ago. B. which C.

21、that D when Subject Clauses 主语从句 主语从句：从句农句中充多主语成分。 1) That he will succeed is certain 2) Whether he will go there is not known 3) What he said is not true 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out 5) Whoever comes is welcome. 6) It s certain that he will succeed 7) How we can help the twins will

22、be discussed at the meeting 8) When they* II start the project has not been decided yet. 引导词 一由 that 引导 that 无意义，后接一个完整的句子. that 不可省。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. That the earth is round is known to all. （地球是圆的） 3. That you missed the chance is a pity. （你错过了这次机会） 二 whether “if”不能引导主语从句 三疑

23、问词 为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻,经常用 it 作形式主 语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. That we shall be late is certain. Ifs certain that we shall be late 1. That the earth is round is known to alL - Ifs known to all that the earth is round. 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. It is a pity that you missed the chance. 注意一:主语从句后f I i

24、i Lf 、 由连词 whether,连接代词 what, who, which 和 连接副词when,where,why,how 等引导，也常常后置: It的用法：（形式主语） xlt possible/important/necessary/clear. that . 很可能/重要的是泌要的是/很清楚 w Ifs said/ reported. that.据说/据报道 x Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布 x It seems/appears/happens. that. 显然、明显、碰巧 * Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无

25、疑 w Ifs a pity/a fact /a common knowledge （众所周知/ a common saying.（俗话说） 注意二 注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数 What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定 What he needs _is_ that book What he needs are some books. 注意三：What与that引导主语从句 what 引导名词性从句时在从句中充当 句子成分，如主语，宾语，表语，而 that 则 不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。例如: (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) Th

26、at she is still alive is a puzzle. 1 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true 羸zThat B. Why C. What D. How 2. _ we II go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If 瓠Whether C That D Where 3. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed country the First World a. Which; belong t

27、o b As, belonged to What; belonging to d It; belonging to 4. It s known to us all _ a form of energy A water is Jthat water is C. is water D that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A whether 徐徐 that C. what D. when 6. What I say and think _ none of your business 代 is B. ar

28、e C. has D have 同位语从句 常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。 Suggestion, suggest order dema nd wish 等 2.常用连词：that; when, where, why, how eg1 消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. 2. 问题是他如何做这件事的。 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进 步

29、解释说明。 It*s the question how he did it. /同值语以句多用that引导，无嗟丈眾可塔。 A have no idea之后纟用wh-引导同佞.语以句。 I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did. 1 .Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a The fact that

30、two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night. We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China. 3. Teenagers should not spend too mucqtim

31、e online./ Many British parents hold the view./ Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online 4. Time travel 吟possible./ There is no scientific proof for There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible 5. Chinese students should be given

32、 more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. 比较： l. We expressed the hope that they had expected 定语从句 我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 同位语从句 我们希望他们再来中国访问O 区别