高中情态动词用法总结汇编

1、学习 -好资料更多精品文档情态动词的用法a. can; could; be able to can 1. 表示 “ 能力 ” (此时过去时是could) 2.表示许可、请求， “可以”。-can/could i go now? 3 表示推测 , 把握很大 ,could 也可表推测 ,把握比 can 小。-look! someone is coming! who can it be? -it can t be him. he has gone to paris.（不可能） / he could be here soon. 他很快就来。4 表示感情（惊异/不耐烦） “ 究竟，到底 ” （主要用于否

2、定句，疑问句和感叹句中。）how can you be so foolish? what can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事? they can t be working at this time of day. 5 肯定句中客观存在的可能性。“ 有时会，偶尔”it can be quite windy there, especially in spring. could 1.表示能力，can 的过去式，过去能够could you speak english then? 那时候你会说英语吗? 2. 请求允许（委婉语气） （问句的答语不用could ，而用 can ， ）

3、could can i use your pen? ” “yes, of course you can.”/ no, i m afraid not. 3. 表示推测可能性（肯，否，疑）we could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。(将来可能性 ) you could be right, but i dont think you are. 你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。4. could have done 对过去推测，可能已经。 。本来能够却没做，差点就he can t couldnt have seen her there. 他不可能在那儿见到她

4、。he could have gone home. 他可能已回家了he could have told her, but he didnt choose to. 他本来可以告诉她的，但他却没有。b. may 和 might 1.表示允许许可，might 提问更委婉。-may/might i watch tv after supper? -yes, you may./ yes, please./ certainly. -no, you mustnt. / no, you may not. / no, you can t./no, you d better not.2. 表示推测，有“ 或许 ”

5、、“ 可能 ” 的意思。 might 把握更小。疑问句用can/ could. ?he may/might be right./ i hear there may be a few copies left. ?he may/might come today (tomorrow). 3. may 表示祝愿，倒装。may + 主语 +动词原形。 may you succeed!/may you all be happy. may might as well 意为 “ 不妨 ” 、“ 还是 为好 ” 等，用might 比用may 语气更委婉。如：i m ready ，so i might as we

6、ll go now我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。theres nothi ng to do, so i may might as well go to bed. may well. 完全可能c. must, have to must 1. 表示 “ 必须 ” 。否定式 mustnt表示 “ 不可以 ” 、“ 不准 ” 、“ 禁止 ” 等。everybody must obey the rules./you mustn t lend it to others. /you mustn t speak like that to your mother. 在回答有 “must” 的询问时， - mus

7、t i go now? - yes, you must. -no, you neednt. / no, you dont have to.学习 -好资料更多精品文档2. must 表示推测 （“ 一定 ” 、 “ 必定 ” ） ， 表肯定的推测, 其否定的推测用can t， 表示“不可能”。you must be hungry after the long walk. / it cant be jim, for he has gone to beijing. the chinese language must have the large number of speakers. 3must 表

8、示说话人不耐烦的态度，“干嘛偏要” must + have + done，表示对过去事物的肯定推测。“ 一定做过 .” he must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 must 表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如：it must be nice to take a walk here, isn t it?tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesnt he？must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况: 从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意

9、疑问句用过去时. the ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didn t it?从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时. by the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadn t we?若从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时we must have been met somewhere (before), haven t we?must 表示 “ 必须 ” “ 有必要 ” 时，反义疑问句部分用mustnt.? 或 neednt .?you

10、 must go home right now, neednt you? must 用否定形式mustnt 时，附加疑问句部分用may 或 must ? you mustnt cheat in the examination, must you? 3. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦意为“ 偏要 ” -_you make so much noise? -sorry, i will take care not to. a must b can c may d would 4. must 和 have to 的区别 : d. ought to/ should/ shall ought to ough

11、t to 用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和规定时，常译作“ 应该 ” 、 “ 应当 ”(和should 差不多，只是语气较强)，有时表示非常可能的事情。?there ought not to be much noise in a hospital. ?- ought he to go? - yes, he ought to. ?if she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today. ought to have done指过去动作 ,表示一件事情该做而未做。ought not to have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做

12、了。should 1.用于表示劝告和建议，“ 应该 ” 表示自己的主观看法,语气比 ought to 弱。 should + have done 指过去动作 ,表示一件事情该做而未做。should not + have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。- who did it sound like? anybody you know? - well, perhaps jeff. i should have asked who was calling before he hung it up. 2.表推测，“按道理，按常理应该”they should have arrived by two

13、 o clock. 3.表示惊讶 ,赞叹，不满，责备“ 竟然 ”i am sorry that you should do such a thing. 4. 用于 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性小，但也不是完全不可能。有“ 万一 ” 的意思should i be free tomorrow, i ll come. 学习 -好资料更多精品文档ask tom to ring me up if you should see him. shall 1. shall 作为情态动词，用于第二、第三人称，陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有“ 命令 ” 、“ 警告” 、“ 威胁 ” 、“ 强制 ”

14、 、“ 允诺 ” 等意思。 “ 必须，应，可以” ?you shall do as i say. （命令）?tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允诺）?you shall be punished if you break the law. (表警告 ) 2. 用于第一、第三人称, 在疑问句中，shall 用来征询对方意见。“ 好吗？” “要不要 ？”where shall i wait for you?/ shall he come at once?/ shall we start the meeting now? 3.在条约规定法令

15、等文件中表示义务或规定，用于第三人称the new regulation shall take effect on june 1st. e. will 和 would 1) 表示 “ 意志 ” 、” 决心 ”、“ 意愿 ” ，可用于多种人称。will 指现在， would 指过去。?i will tell you all about it./ he won t go.(2) 表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求,在疑问句中用语第二人称时，委婉语气would. ?i m going to go shopping after school. will you go with me?will/woul

16、d you please give him a message when you see him? (3) 表示习惯动作，有“ 总是 ” 、“ 惯于 ” 的意思。过去式would hell talk for hours if you give him the chance.(4) 表示功能， “ 能 ”the door wont open. / the car wont start. (5)will 用于叙述真理 ,客观规律时“会”oil will float on water. / fish will die without water. f. need 和 dare 1. need 表示

17、“ 需要 ” 、“ 必须 ” 。通常用在否定句或疑问句中。?he needn t pay for it. - need you go now? - yes, i must. - no, i neednt.2. dare 表示 “ 敢” 。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句和if/whether 引出的宾语从句中。?how dare you say i m unfair?she dare not do so. ?he asked me if i dared speak english in public. need 和 dare 也可用作行为动词，变化与一般动词相同?she didn t need

18、 to go.?- who dares to go? - - i don t dare (to) go. i dare say 作插入语 ,我想 , 大概 , 可能 , 或许 “neednt + have done” 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。you neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。g. had better “ 最好 ” we had better go now. yes, we had (wed better / we had better). hadnt we better stop now? (had we better not stop now?) i think id better be going. （用于进行时态，表“ 最好立即 ” ）学习 -好资料更多精品文档you had better have