高三英语二轮复习学案(湖北专用)：第3模块阅读理解模块综述

1、-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第 3 模块阅读理解模块综述考纲解读“侧重提高阅读能力”是高中英语教学大纲的明确规定。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及非语言因素，即：阅读者对目标语言所在国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉程度、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。命题分析历年高考试题中阅读理解命题特点和规

2、律如下：1. 内容生活化阅读理解所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是表现实际生活的，强调语篇选材的真实性。2. 体裁多元化阅读理解所选的语段包括记叙文、说明文、 应用文和议论文，继续保持了体裁多样化的特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、 科普文章等方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。3. 信息密集化-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 阅读理解试题的材料含有较高的信

3、息量。近年来阅读理解继续保持了较大的阅读量， 要求考生准确而迅速地从特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。阅读理解题五个选篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，从语言运作的表层看，各段文字并不构成很大的理解困难，但是隐藏在表层结构下面的则是较复杂的信息，试题具有较高的区分度。4. 结构复杂化阅读理解五篇文章的语篇结构都具有较大的复杂性。各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段，这种来源于真实语料的作品和考生平时在课本中接受的清楚明白的语段是很不一样的。5用词高级化高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是。凡是能利用构词法知识判断出词性和词义的都不视为生词，不再给出汉

4、语注释；纯超纲词汇也屡有出现；一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。6. 设题创新化高考阅读理解题在保持传统命题的基础上，也在不断借鉴大学英语的命题方式并进行创新。结构型命题就是近两年高考阅读试题中全新的命题形式。这种命题侧重于对文章篇章结构和修辞(写作 )手法以及例证、引用的功能的考查，是一种凌驾于信息阅读之上的更高难度的测试手段，较好地体现了“稳中有变，变中求新”的基本命题思路。题型探究阅读理解的能力要求主要包括如下几方面：-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 1. 读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节(包括根据上下文推断生词的词义)。2. 既理解具体的事

5、实，也理解抽象的概念。3. 既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。4. 既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5. 既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这五项要求，可将阅读理解的选择题归纳为以下几种题型：探究点一细节理解型文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。对文章细节的理解可以细化为：(1)一一对应型。答案

6、与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。这种属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例极少。(2) 语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。这种属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。(3) 语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上，通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。这种属于较高难度的事实细节题，分数比例很大。(4) 是非辨-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 别型。这是一类综合事实细节理解题，出题形式常常是“

7、三正一误” (三项正确， 只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正” (三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。(5)事实排序型。 这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节理解题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事情发生、发展的正确顺序。1细节理解题主要设问的方式有：(1) which of the following statements is true (not true)? (2) which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage? (3) what is the r

8、eason that ？(4) what do we know about？(5) how did the people know the couples problem? (6) why was the bike so important to the couple? 2细节理解题主要的答题策略有：(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼 )，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落或语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。(2) 变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词

9、语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时习惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把 a 的观点说成b 的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。(3) 多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。例 1 2011 湖南卷 节选when first entered, vanak restaurant doe

10、s not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob(烤肉串 )hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less. owned by a local couple, this persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. the space is small with only a few dining

11、tables and nearly no decoration，but the environment is truly charming. lying in a hardly noticeable street corner，the restaurant still attracts all customers，especially those experienced in the delights of middle eastern cooking. a common sight is that of old persian men sitting in the corner talkin

12、g loudly about world topics，watching news events on tv，drinking a black tea known as persian chai，and reading local persian newspapers all the while -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- trying to finish off their plates piled with food. the variety of food at the restaurant is limited，but the amount of each

13、dish is fairly large.most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10，so not only is it affordable but practical as well. the food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy，made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill ( 烤肉架 )the main d

14、ish that the restaurant is popular for is its kabobs，which are different styles of grilled meat. one delicious and extremely healthy dish is the joojeh kabob，which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread.another great kabob is the chelo kabob, a kabob consisting of grilled

15、 beef. although the restaurant is small ，the atmosphere and the food is delicious.it is a place that should not be overlooked. ()1.when first entering the restaurant， one can find that it_. ais splendidly decorated bhas pleasant smells of kabobs cis crowded with dining tables dlooks like a common re

16、staurant ()2.what activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- restaurant? awatching news events on tv. bdrinking a kind of black coffee. creading local english newspapers. ddiscussing world topics in low voices. ()3.the food of the restaurant _. ais served in smal

17、l amounts bis rather expensive cis rich in variety dis very healthy ()4.what is the dish joojeh kabob mainly made of? arice. bchicken. cbread. dbeef. 【要点综述】 本文为说明文。介绍一家饭店的环境及其饭菜等各方面的特点，以说明其独特的一面。1 b细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 “ when first entered, vanak restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant,

18、but once the pleasant smells of kabob( 烤肉串 )hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less.”可知一走进饭店，就可以闻到烤肉串的香味，故选b 项。-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 2a细节理解题。根据第五段“a common sight is that of old persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on tv

19、, drinking a black tea”可知在饭店除了吃饭外还可以看新闻，故 a项正确。 b 项与“ drinking a black tea ”不符；c 项与“reading local persian newspapers ”不符；d 项与“ talking loudly about world topics”不符。3 d细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 七 段 “ the food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy”可知饭店的饭菜非常健康，故选d 项。 a

20、 、c 两项与第六段“ the variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large.不符； b项与第六段“most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10，so not only is it affordable but practical as well.”不符。4 b细节理解题。根据第九段“ one delicious and extremely healthy dish is the joojeh

21、kabob, which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread.”可判断，这道菜主要由烤鸡肉块组成，故选b。探究点二主旨大意型每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。主旨大意型题范围一般包括：短文标题、 主题大意或段落大意等。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。考生需要分析文章内容的篇章结构，抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章内容的主题句。主题句的特点：(1)语言特点：归纳性、概括性、抽象性。(2) 位置特点：-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 主题句常出现在“总结性

22、”语言的“信号词”后，如： in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和 in brief等；主题句也出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后， 如： but, however, nevertheless等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精炼。1主旨大意题主要的设题方式有：(1)which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? (2)the best headline for this news

23、paper article is _. (3)what is the topic of the text? (4)the text is mainly about _. (5)whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (6)what would be the best title for the text? 2主旨大意题主要的解题策略有：(1) 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨。找准主题句是关键。主题句通常在文章开头，也有可能在一段的开头、中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首， 其后可能有fo

24、r example, first, second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all, all in all 等信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。(2) 抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全

25、，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。(3) 抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。例 2 2011 湖南卷 节选my father was chief engineer of a merchant ship, which was sunk in world war . the book night of the u-boats told the story.

26、memories in september, 1940, my mother, sister and i went to swansea, where my fathers ship was getting ready to sail. we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. then i remember my mother lying face down, sobbing. she had heard from a friend that the ship

27、had been sunk by a torpedo(鱼雷 )-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- i can remember the arrival of the telegram(电报 )，which in those days always brought bad news. my grandmother opened it. it read， “ safe.love ted. ”my most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my fathers knee, his arm in a ba

28、ndage. he was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in glasgow for the rest of the war. for as long as i can remember, he had a weak heart.mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. he said it was because of the cigarettes. whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s. ten years later

29、i read night of the u-boats and was able to complete the story. torpedo one torpedo struck the ship. father was in the engine room, where the third engineer was killed. he shut down the engines to slow the ship making it easier for it to be abandoned. by the time he got on deck(甲板 ) he was alone. ev

30、ery lifeboat was gone except one which had stuck fast. when he tried to cut it free，it swung against the ship, injuring his hand and arm.he had no choice but to jumpstill with the photograph in his pocket. three days later，he and other survivors were safe in glasgow.all 23 with -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档!

31、值得收藏！- him signed the back of the photograph. a toast in my room is the book and the photograph. often, glass in hand, i have wondered how i would have dealt with an explosion, a sinking ship, a jump into a vast ocean and a wait for rescue? lest(以免 )we forget, i have some more whisky and toast the h

32、eroes of the war. ()what is the passage mainly about? aa group of forgotten heroes. ba book describing a terrifying battle. ca ship engineers wartime experience. da merchants memories of a sea rescue. 【要点综述】本文为记叙文。父亲是二战期间一艘商船的总工程师。在1940年 9 月的某一天，他的商船不幸被鱼雷击中下沉。幸运的是，他活了下来。c主旨大意题。文章首先指出父亲的身份二战期间一艘商船的总工

33、程师。接着描述他负责的商船在二战中被鱼雷击中下沉及其本人逃生的经过。由此判断全文主题是：一位轮船工程师在战争年代的一次经历。故选c。例2011 安徽卷 节选ireland has had a very difficult history.the problems started in the 16th century when english rulers tried to conquer (征服 ) ireland. for hundreds of years，the irish people fought against the english.finally, in -精品文档! 值得拥

34、有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 1921 ， the british government was forced to give independence to the south of ireland.the result is that today there are two “ irelands” . northern ireland，in the north ，is part of the united kingdom. the republic of ireland, in the south，is an independent country. in the 1840s the

35、 main crop，potatoes ，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. this, and a shortage (短缺 ) of work, forced many people to leave ireland and live in the usa，the uk, australia and canada.as a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in

36、 1851. for many years ，the majority of irish people earned their living as farmers. today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside， where things move at a

37、quieter and slower pace. the irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.oscar wilde，a famous irish writer，once said that the irish were “ the greatest talkers since the greeks”since independence，ireland has revived (复兴 )its own culture of music ，language, literature and singing.different a

38、reas have different styles of old irish songs which are sung without instruments.other kinds of irish music use many different instruments -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- such as the violin, whistles, etc. ()1.what does the author tell us in paragraph 1? a. how the irish fought against the english. b. h

39、ow ireland gained independence. c. how english rulers tried to conquer ireland. d. how two “ irelands” came into being. ()2.the last paragraph is mainly about _. athe irish character birish culture cirish musical instruments da famous irish writer ()3.what can be the best title for the text? alife i

40、n ireland ba very difficult history cireland，past and present dthe independence of ireland 【要点综述】爱尔兰分为南爱尔兰和北爱尔兰两个部分，北爱尔兰是英国的一部分 (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)，南爱尔兰为爱尔兰共和国，于1921 年脱离英国，取得独立。本文主要介绍爱尔兰的历史与现状，特别是爱尔兰独立后文-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 化的复兴。1 d段落大意题。第一段的大意就是爱尔兰的历史及南爱尔兰和北爱尔兰是如何形成的。2b段落大意题。最后一段主要说到爱尔兰音乐、语言、文学等

41、与文化相关的话题，故答案为b。3c主旨大意题。文章主要谈论爱尔兰的历史与现状，故选c。探究点三词义猜测型历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子意义的推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对指代词所指代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不会停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。1词义猜测题主要的设题方式有：(1)the underlined words “took off” in paragraph 2 means “

42、_”(2)wh at does the underlined word “ them” in the last paragraph refer to?(3)the underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that _. (4)which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “ exotic”-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- in the third paragraph? (5)the underl ined phrase “ turn hi

43、s back on”(paragraph 6) most probably means _. (6)by saying “ we need them yesterday”(paragraph 7)，stover means that snakelike robots _. 2词义猜测题主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇、短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略：策略 (1)：依

44、据标点符号猜测词义标点符号是词义猜测中最直接、最简单的信号词。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的作用，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。例 morning, noon and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the housethe only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked_husband. ()the underlined words “ henpecked husband”in the pa

45、ragraph probably means a man who_. alikes huntingbis afraid of hens cloves his wife dis afraid of his wife -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 【解析】d破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息“他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人” ， 因此选择d 项。策略 (2) ：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作时一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另 一 个 词 互 为

46、 反 义 。 常 用 的 信 号 词 有 ：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand 等。例 the house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. ()which of the de

47、finitions is closest in meaning to the word “ exotic”in the sentence? amessy and untidy. bcommon and expensive. ccomfortable and calming. dforeign and unusual. 【解析】d由 but 引导的前后句可知，exotic 与 quite normal(相当平常 ) 在意义上是相反的，因此选择d 项 foreign and unusual (异乎寻常 )。策略 (3) ：依据下定义、作解释猜测词义-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏

48、！- 在说明文和科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是阅读理解的又一特点。在文章顺序上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总 (即先说明后结论)的叙述方式。常用的信号词有：be defined as(被定义为 ), be called (被称为 ), mean/ refer to(意指，是)。例 2011 安徽卷 节选george prochnik would like the world to_put_a_sock_in_it. he makes his case in a new book, listening for meaning in a world of

49、 noise. here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)：“ weve become so accustomed to noise, theres almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. if you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. but its never been more important to find continuing quiet. si

50、lence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”()what does the phrase “ to put a sock in it”in paragraph 1 probably mean? ato be quiet bto be colorful cto be full of love dto be attentive to someone -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 【解析】a词义猜测题。本题是根据结构上的“总分”关系猜测词义。文章

51、首句先表明观点，然后进一步清楚地分述自己的观点没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音。再结合上下文可以看出george prochnik是反对噪音的，所以他应该是喜欢安静的，故答案选a。策略 (4) ：依据逻辑推理猜测词义运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广、考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇信息并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系等。例 7 2011 四川卷 节选so what drives me to roll o

52、ut of bed at 5：00 a m.? what gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? commitment. a commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases self-confidence and energy, extends life and above all improves my body shape. ()what does the underlined word “ commitment”in the

53、 last paragraph mean? agood health. bfirm belief. ca strong power. da regular habit. -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 【解析】b词义 猜测题。本题是根据解说关系猜测词义。从文中“ a commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, above all improves my body shape.”可知，“减少焦虑、增强信心改变体型”即不定式部分是修饰commitment的， 结合文意可推断出comm

54、itment意为“坚强的信念” ， 故选择 b 项。本题容易受字面意思的干扰误选c 项。例 8 2011 天津卷 节选ultimately, as nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_wo

55、rd. ()the underlined words “ shared a word”in paragraph 5 probably mean _. aexchanged ideas with each other bdiscussed the meaning of a word cgained life experience dused the same language 【解析】a词义猜测题。 本题是根据同义句的转换猜测词义。由语境可知，该短语就是对此句中的“ enjoyed speaking to someone”的另外一种表达，故选择a 项。-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值

56、得收藏！- 策略 (5) ：依据替代词猜测词义使用指代词it, they, them, one(s), these, that 或 the other(two) 等指代上下文中词汇或句义是猜测词义题的另一种形式。策略 (6) ：依据例证猜测词义采用事实说理(即例证 )以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是阅读理解中的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有：like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。此外，运用语法和常识也可以达到猜词的目的。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此

57、掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的有效捷径。这种猜词策略主要包括：策略 (1)：依据词性变化猜测词义英语语言的词性变化是非常灵活的，如名词动化、 动词名化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。策略 (2) ：依据词义变化(词义引申 ) 猜测词义英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。策略 (3) ：依据词的派生和合成猜测词义派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀或后缀组成。如：前缀dis- ， im- ， ir- ， un- 可以构成反义词；后缀-less 也可以构成反义词。遇到合成词时，在正

58、确理解两词的基础上应结合原文来把握两词之间的关-精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 系，从而准确地猜测词义。探究点四推理判断型推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音” 。 推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等； (2) 逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的原因；(3) 目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述

59、，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；(4) 预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测和判断。1. 推理判断题的主要设题方式有：(1)it can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that(2)it can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that(3)it can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that(4)it implies that

60、(5)where would you most probably find this passage? (6)what would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)? -精品文档! 值得拥有！- -珍贵文档! 值得收藏！- 2. 推理判断题的主要解题策略有：(1)根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑), 常见于故事类的文章。to persuade readers(说服读者接受