语言迁移对英语教学影响

1、语言迁移对英语教学影响【摘要】在语言学习中，迁移是指母语对目的语 或旧的语言知识对新的语言知识的影响。而这种影响又有正 面和负面之分，因而也就有所谓的正迁移和负迁移。正迁移 会有助于语言学习者更快地理解目的语，而负迁移则会妨碍 学习者对目的语的掌握。笔者认为迁移对学习英语的中国学 习者来说有很大的影响。因为英汉语属于两种不同的语系， 故存在着很大的差异性，但又存在相似性。因此，在两种语 言之间进行对比分析有利于英语教学，提高英语教学的质 量。【关键词】迁移；正迁移；负迁移；英语教学i. a theoretical study of language transfer1. 1 definitio

2、n of language transferlanguage transfer also called crosslinguistic influence and it is one of the key factors contributing to learners，interlanguage its view is that themother tongue habits influence learning of the foreign language habits. although it was later discredited, the notion of transfer

3、has been revived again and remains one of the most fundamental in foreign language acquisition research (johnson, 2001)1. 2 classification of language transferpositive transfer is transfer which makes learning easier, and may occur when both the native language and the target language have the same

4、form. odlin (2001) points out that the facilitative effects can only be observed when learners with different native languages are studied and learner comparisons are carried out positive transfer is evident in the rate of learning (ellis 1994)ii. making use of positive transfer in english teaching2

5、. 1 making use of positive transfer in speech soundmost chinese students have no difficulty in pronouncing phonemes like /k/,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/and /f/ as we have sounds in chinese because of the similarities in the form of lips and aptness of mouth, chinese students of english have no difficulty in pro

6、nouncing the vowels： /i： /,/u： / and /a： /. inthe pat tern of syllables , there are also some similarities. for example, the mono-syllable words in english are easy to read, such as “are" ,“i”，as in chinese there are mono-syllable words, such as 和(he)、戏 (xi) . so if such compariso ni s made be

7、twee n these items in teaching , these items will be more impressive to students2. 2. imaking use of positive transfer in vocabulary the understanding of the meaning of many chinese characters may facilitate students， memory of words in english. so in teaching new words in english, teachers can help

8、 their students with the formation of these words. lots of english words are constructed with roots and affixes , which resembles the basic structural parts of chinese characters such as “湖”,“纺”.“v" plus “胡” is “ 湖”，and "纟” and “方” is “纺” before teaching the meanings of roots and affixes o

9、f some english words, teachers can give some chinese characters to the students and analyze how they are formed to show that chinese also has word formation. while students learn the meanings of roots and affixes of some english words, it is easy for them to classify words according to the word form

10、ation of english.2. 2. 2making use of positive transfer ingrammara lot of grammatical similarities between english and chinese make it possible for students to transfer positively some chinese features into learning english. for example, the following two basic english sentence patterns are almost s

11、tructurally the same as the chinese sentences.so by comparing these sentence structures , st ude nts can mas ter the sent ence pa/tt erns easily with the help of positive transfer of their mother tongueiii. avoiding negative transfer in english teachingdifferences between languages are likely to cau

12、se negative transfer, especially those that appear to be the same are different in essence, which can be found in all aspects of language learning： speech sounds, vocabulary, grammar, etc.3.1 avoiding negative transfer in speech soundsfirstly, english sounds vigorous, while chinese sound soft. there

13、fore, without special training, chinese students generally speak english lightly and an english native speaker can detect their chinese accent at the moment he hears it.secondly , english and chinese differ in the systems of phonemes there are subtle differences bet ween the phonemes that resemble e

14、ach ot her. they are likely to result in negative transfer for example, how are you? h (au) a : ju is pronounced as h (ao) a： ju as au seems to be the same as (ao) in chinesethirdly, when pronouncing consonant clusters of english, the students tend to insert a vowel within them. for example , fly fl

15、ai great greit are pronounced as f? 藜'lai and g? 藜'reit by some chinese efl learners.3. 2 avoiding negative transfer in vocabularyquite a number of english words and their concepts are not always completely corresponding to those in chinese, and the relations are quite complicated. for examp

16、le, when "help" means “ 帮助",chinese meaning and english meaning are corresponding to each other, but in the expression "can' t help” ， “help” has two meanings in the sentence i can" t help to clean the classroom, “help” means "帮助” while in the expression “can 't

17、 help doing some thing" , "help" means avoid (避免).in many cases, some words are totally non-corresponding.conclusionin short , transfer exists widely in english teaching and learning , and the transfer can be classified as positive or negative transfer positive transfer may facilitate the learning of a target language , while negative transfer prevents efl learners from mastering it. so in the course of english teaching, teachers should use transfer consciously and skillfully to arouse the positive transfer and minimize the negative transfer so that the engli