新概念3册27课语法分析

1、1. It形式主语has been said 据说that引导真正的主语 everyone每个人lives by selling something靠卖东西过日子 .（全文的topic sentence主题句）语法分析It has bee n said that every one lives by sell ing someth ing.据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。第一层It 形式主语 has bee n said 谓语 that every one lives by selli ng someth ing.主语从句第二层that 引主从句 everyone 主语lives 谓语

2、by （通过，靠） selling something 方式状 语.2. In the light of = according to = taking into account = in accordanee with / baseon/in terms of /in proportion as / on the strength of依据, 按照, 就而言，考虑到，从 的观点this statement 这种说法，teachers live by sellingknowledge 知识，philosophers 哲学家 by sellingwisdom智慧 and priests 牧师；(

3、天主教的)神父by sellingspiritual comfort精神安慰.语法分析In the light of this statement, teachers live by sellingknowledge, philosophersby selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。In the light of this statement方式状语,teachers 主语 live 谓语 by sellingknowledge 方式状语，ph

4、ilosophers 主语 by selling wisdom 方式状语 and 连词 priests 主语 by selli ng spiritual comfort方状.3. Though引让步状从it 形主语_may be possible_to可以 measure衡量，估量；权衡the_value(= worth ) of materialgoods物质产品的价值，实际物品的价值，实物的价值 in terms ofmoney以金钱的观点，it is extremely difficult是极其困难的 tj对 estimate = assess 估算，评估 the true value

5、of the service这种服务的真正价值 which引导定从people perform (= do ) for us为我们提供的.语法分析Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms ofmoney，it is extremely difficultto estimate the true value of the services whichpeople perform for us.虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。第一层Th

6、ough it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money让步状从，i£_ 形王 i 系词 extremely ”犬语 difficult表to estimate thetrue value of the serviceswhich people perform for us 真主语.第二层Though 引导让步状从 it 形主 may be 系词 possible 表语 to measure the value ofmaterial goods in terms of money真

7、主语第二层which 宾语，引定从 people 主语 perform 谓语 for us 状语.4. There are times 有时候 when引导定从（times做先行词时，定语从句的引导词必须用 when） we would willingly give 愿付出，乐意付出，甘愿付出 everything we possess我们拥有的一切，to 来save挽救our lives, yet引让步状从，然而 we might grudge舍不得，吝惜，不情愿，抱怨（后接名词和动名词搭配）paying支付给a surgeon 外科大夫（physician内科大夫）a high fee一笔

8、高额费用/小费for 因offering usprecisely （=exactly）正好给我们提供了this service这种服务.语法分析There are times whe n we would willi ngly give everyth ing we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge pay ing a surge on a high fee for offeri ng us precisely this service.有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了 这种服务后，我们却可

9、能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。第一层There are 谓语 times 主语 when we would willingly give everythingwe possess（定从）to save our lives 定从, y 连词 we 主语 might grudge 谓语 paying asurgeon a high fee 宾语 for offering us precisely this service原因状语.第二层when 引定从 we 主语 would 谓语 willingly 状语 give 谓语 everything 宾语 we possess 定从 to save o

10、ur lives目状第三层we主语possess 谓语5. The con diti ons ofsociety 社会上的情况 are such = Such are the con diti ons ofsociety 社会上的情况就是如此that 引导同位语从 skills 技术 have to be paid for（被动）必须付要费，必须要用金钱去购买的in the same way照样，以相同的方式,用相同的方法，同样地 that 引定从（that = in which） goods are paid for at a shop在商店里商品是要花钱的.语法分析The con diti

11、 ons of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。第一层The conditionsof society 主语 are 系词 such 表语 that skills have to be paid forin the same way that goods are paid for at a shop同谓语从句.the same way 方状 t|pt goo

12、ds第二层that引同从句skills主 have to be paid for 谓语 inare paid for at a shop定从.第三层that 引定从 goods 主语 are paid for 谓语 at a shop 状语6. Everyone has somethingto sell后置定语，每个人都有东西可卖.(与 Topic sentence: every one lives by selling something首尾呼应)语法分析Every one has someth ing to sell.人人都有东西可以出售。Every one 主语 has 谓语 somet

13、h ing 宾语 to sell 定语.7. Tramps流浪汉 seem to be 似乎是 the only exception 唯一例外 tj对 this general rule 这条普遍规则.语法分析Tramps seem to be the only excepti on to this gen eral rule.在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外。Tramps 主语 seem 系词 to be the only exception表语 to this general rule状语.8. Beggars 乞丐 almost 几乎 sell themselves ashu

14、man beings 把自己当作人来卖 to目的是arouse唤起，激发the pity of passers-by过路人的怜悯/同情.目的状语法分析Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. 乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。Beggars 主语 almost 状语 sell 谓语 themselves 宾语 as human beings 主补 to_ arouse the pity of passers-by目状.9. But real 但真正的 tramps

15、are not beggars.语法分析But real tramps are not beggars.但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。But转折连词 real 定语 tramps 主语 are not 系词 beggars 表语.10. They have nothing to sell 后置定语， 没有任何可卖的东西and require nothing fromothers不需要从别人那获得任何西.语法分析They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西They 主语 have

16、 谓 nothing 宾语 to sell 后置定与 and 连词 require 谓 nothing 宾语from others 状语.11. In ( = in the course of )seeking independence在寻找独立自由的过程中,表伴随的状态，they do not sacrifice牺牲 their humandignity 人的尊严.语法分析In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。In seeking independen

17、ce 状语，they 主语 do not sacrifice 谓语 their human dignity 宾语.12. A tramp may 也许 ask you for money (ask sb for sth向人索要某物)向你要钱,buthe will never从来不会 ask you to feel sorry for him(feel sympathy for him )让你觉得他可怜(ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事)语法分析A tramp may ask you for mon ey, but he will n ever ask you to feel so

18、rry for him.流浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。A tramp 主语 may ask 谓语 you 宾语 for money 状语，but 连词 h主语 will谓语never 状语 ask 谓语 you 宾语 to feel sorry 补语 for him 状语.13. He has deliberately ( =on purpose 故意地，刻意，存心，蓄意，甘愿 chosen tolead the life 选择过这种生活he leads定从，他所过的and is fully (= completely=perfectly) aware of(= become a

19、ware of = be con scious of / be sen sible of)完全清楚/明白the consequences(不良)种种后果，恶果.语法分析He has deliberately chose n to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of theconsequences他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。第一层He主语 has 谓语 deliberately 状语 chosen 谓语 to lead the life 宾语 he leads 定从 and 连词 is fully aware

20、of谓语 the consequences宾语第二层he 主语 leads14. He may可能，也许 never be sure 从来没有把握 where the next meal is coming from宾语从句，下一顿饭从哪来， 下一顿饭在哪里/有无着落，but he is free from = without 免于，不受 的影响the thousands of anxieties 千万桩愁事，数不清的忧虑/挂念which引定从afflict other people 折磨别人的.语法分析He may n ever be sure where the n ext meal is

21、 coming from, but he is free from the thousa nds of an xieties which afflict other people.他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。第一层He主语 may 系词 never 状语 b系词 sure 表语 where the next meal is coming from 宾从 , but_连词 h主语系词 free 表语 from the thousands of anxieties状语which afflict other people定从.第二层where 引宾从 the n

22、ext 定语 meal 主语 is coming from 谓语第二层which 主语，引定从 afflict谓语 other people 宾语15. His few material possessions他的不多的几件财物，他少量的行囊make it 形式宾语 possible for him to _ 使他有可能( make it possible for sb to do sth) move fromplace to place with ease =easily 真宾语，轻松自如地四处奔走 .语法分析His few materialpossessions make it possi

23、ble for him to movefrom place to placewith ease他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。His few material 定语 possessions 主语 make 谓语 it 形宾 possible 宾补 for him真实宾语with ease 状语状语 to move from place to place16. By由于 having to sleep in the open (By doing 通过做某事)介词短语，作原因状语, 由于被迫睡在露天/露宿在外，he gets far closer to ( far = much

24、, so)更接近the world of nature 大自然 than most of us ever do ( do 代替 get close to the world of nature ).语法分析By havi ng to sleep in the ope n, he gets far closer to the world of n ature tha n most of us ever do.由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。第一层By having to sleep in the open原因状语,h乞主语 gets 系词 far 状语 closer 表语t

25、o the world of nature状语 than most of us ever do 状从.第二层than 引状从 most of us 主语 ever 状语 谓语.17. He mayhunt 打猎，beg 乞讨，or steal occasionally 偶尔偷窃 tj 以，来 keep himselfalive = survive 维持生存，使自己幸存下来，让自己活下来 ；he may even 他甚至可 能，in times of real need 在真正需要的时候 ,do a little work干点点儿活；buthe will never sacrifice his

26、freedom 决不会牺牲他的自由.(He may do this may do that but he will never do 排比句)语法分析He may hunt, beg, or steal occasi on ally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real n eed, do a little work; but he will n ever sacrifice his freedom.为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干 一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。He 主语 may hunt 谓语，beg 谓语,or_ 连词 steal 谓语 occasion ally状语 to keephimself alive 目状;he 主语 may 谓语 even 状语 in times of real need状语，do_谓语 a little work宾语；but 连词 h主语 will 谓语 never 状语 sacrifice 谓语 his freedom 宾语.18. Weofte n speak of tramps with con tempt 轻蔑地说起流浪汉 an dut them in the sameclass as