2022年英语高考宾语从句考点解析

1、宾语从句（讲解部分由李璇、李婷婷整理；综合题部分由周丽丽整理）宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语。考点一、宾语从句的种类宾语从句的引导词有： that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that引导的宾语从句。 that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：he said (that) he wanted to stay at home. she doesnt know (that)

2、 she is seriously ill. i am sure (that) he will succeed. 注意：引导词 that 用于下列情况是不能省略；(1) 当宾语从句的主语是that 时。如 : he says that that is a useful book. (2) 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如: i m afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. (3) 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的 that 都不能省略。如 : he said (that) the f

3、ilm was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it vey much.2. 由以下引导词引导的宾语从句： who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how。这些引导词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? he asked whose handwriting was the best. can you tell me where the no.3 bus stop is? i don t know w

4、hy the train is late. could you tell me what to do then? i want to know which one you prefer. i m wondering how i can get to the nearest park. he asked me when to finish the job. 3. 由 if或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 if和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：i want to know if (whether) he lives there. he asked me whether (if)

5、 i could help him. 注：只能用 whether 不能用 if的情况：(1) if不能和 not 连用。如： i don t know whether or not he will come. (2) 在介词后引导宾语从句时要用whether ，不用 if 。如：everything depends on whether we have enough money. (3) 和不定式连用引导宾语从句时要用whether 不用 if 。如：i wonder whether to go. (4) discuss ，decide 后只能用 whether 不用 if 。如：we dis

6、cussed whether we 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -should close the shop. 考点二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：i hear (that) physics isnt easy . i think (that) you will like this school soon. i wonder whether i should say something for him to the headmaster. he asked

7、 me where he could get such medicine. can you tell me how i can get to zoo? please tell me when we ll have the meeting. 考点三、宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是现在时或将来时， 宾语从句的时态由从句的时间状语决定。例如：please tell us where he is. can you tell me how i can get to the railway station? i think i will do better in english this term.

8、 i m interested in what he has said. i remember he gave me a book yesterday. he has told me he will leave for new york tomorrow. i ll tell you what i am doing. i am going to ask who can help me. he ll remember what he has been taught. 2. 如果主句的时态是过去时，宾语从句时态也要用相对应的过去的时态：1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进

9、行时。例如：i thought he was old. he asked what time it was. he wanted to know who she was waiting for. he told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. 2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。例如：he said that he had finished reading the book. he asked if you had written to peter. 3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将

10、来时。例如：she said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. i wasn t sure if it would rain. he said that he would go back to the u.s. soon. 3. 从句表示普遍真理、客观事实时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。例如：精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -the teacher told us the moon travels round the eart

11、h. our teacher said that january is the first month of the year. scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 考点四、宾语从句的否定转移当 主 句 的 主 语 是 第 一 人 称we/i, 且 谓 语 动 词 为 think/suppose/expect/ believe/ imagine等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：i don t think you are right. i don t be

12、lieve she will take part in the english evening.he doesnt suppose it will come true one day. the mother doesn t expect that his son would be successful. he cant imagine what had happened. 考点五、宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope/wish/decide等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：i hope that i can receive your e-mail.= i

13、 hope to receive your e-mail. i wish that i could be a teacher one day.= i wish to be a teacher one day. i decide that i will try my best to help him.=i decide to try my best to help him. 当 宾 语 从 句 的 主 语 和 主 句 的 主 语 相 同 ， 且 主 句 的 谓 语 动 词 是know/remember/forget/learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：she doesnt

14、know what she should do next.= she doesnt know what to do next. 动词 seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语， seem作谓语。例如：it seems that football is very interesting.= football seems to be very interesting. 宾语从句可简化为名词或名词短语。例如：i don t believe what tom said.= i dont believe toms words. 例题：1. he said_

15、he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武汉市) a. if b. what c. that d. whether 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -2. do you know _ i could pass the exam? sorry ，i ve no idea.(2003年山西省 ) a. that b. whether c. what d. which 3. these pictures will show you_.(20

16、03年盐城市 ) a. what does our hometown look like b. what our hometown looks like c. how does our hometown look like d. how our hometown looks like 4. he asked his teacher_.(2003年南通市 ) a. if there was a monster in loch ness b. when was albert einstein born c. how would the scientists find out the result

17、d. where could he find the library 5. jim doesn t understand_.(2003年辽宁省 ) a. which is the way to the museum b. why his wife always goes shopping c. what is the way to the museum d. why does she always go shopping 6. when are the shutes leaving for new york? pardon? i asked_.(2003年呼和浩特市 ) a. when are

18、 the shutes leaving for new york b. when the shutes are leaving for new york c. when were the shutes leaving for new york d. when the shutes were leaving for new york 7. the teacher told us yesterday that december 25_ christmas day.(2002 年辽宁省 ) a.is b. was c. has been d. will be 8. could you tell us

19、 how long_? about three days.(2003年陕西省 ) a. does the sports meeting last b. the sports meeting last c. will the sports meeting last d. the sports meeting will last 9. do you know if _ back next week? if he_ back，please let me know.(2002 年黑龙江省 ) a. he comes ，will come b. will he come，comes c. he will

20、 come，comes d. will he come，will come 10. the old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改为同义句)(2003 年广州市 ) the old lady found out _ _ _fruit cheaply. 11. miss green didn t tell us _ in 2002. (北京市中考试题 ) a. where does she live b. where she lives c. where did she live d. where she lived 12.

21、i don t know when _. (哈尔滨市中考试题 ) a. will the train leave b. the train will leave c. would the train leave d. the train leave 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -13.-we don t know _.( 常州市中考试题 ) -it is said that he was born in sweden. a. what he is b. if he lives h

22、ere c. where he comes from d. which country is he from 14. my friend asked me, “do you help your parents with the housework on weekdays?”(改写句子，句意不变 ) （09 济南）my friend asked me _ i _ my parents with the housework on weekdays. 15. “put your school bag on the desk.” mother said to jack.(改为间接引语)(09 乌兰察布

23、 ) mother told jack _ _ his school bag on the desk. 16. alice didnt know how she could draw horses well. (改为同义句 )(06重庆) alice didnt know how _ _ horses well. 17. i wondered what i should do next. (改为同义句 )(06 重庆) i wondered what _ _ next. keys:1-5 c b b a b 6-10 d a d c; where to buy 11-15 d b c; if,

24、 help; to, put 16-17 to, draw; to, do; 宾语从句【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题 )miss green didnt tell us _ in 2002.a. where does she live b. where she livesc. where did she live d. where she lived2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题 )would you please tell me _?a. when did he come homeb. where he would play footballc. if he had s

25、een the filmd. why he didnt watch the game3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题 )i don t know when _.a. will the train leave b. the train will leavec. would the train leave d. the train leave4. (2004年常州市中考试题 )-we dont know _.-it is said that he was born in sweden.a. what he is b. if he lives here精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - -

26、 - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -c. where he comes from d. which country is he from答案：ddbc【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?a. what will tom do b. what did tom doc. what tom will do d. what tom did2. i want to know_.a. what is his name b. what s his name

27、c. that his name is d. what his name is3. do you know _ i could pass the exam?a. that b. whether c. what d. which4. jim doesnt understand _.a. which is the way to the museumb. why his wife always goes shoppingc. what is the way to the museumd. why does she always go shopping5. -could you tell me _ s

28、he is looking for?a. that b. whose c. who d. which6. mr. king didnt know _ yesterday evening.a. when does his son come homeb. when his son comes homec. when did his son come homed. when his son came home7. could you tell me _ the bike this morning?a. how does he mend b. how he mendsc. how he mended

29、d. how did he mend 8. -i m waiting for the mail. do you know _ it will arrive?-usually it comes by 4: 00. a. how b. where c. when d. what 9. -excuse me, would you please tell me _? -certainly. go straight along here. its next to a hospital.a. how we can get to the post office b. how can we get to th

30、e post office c. how get to the post office d. how could we get to the post office 10. -can i help you? -yes. id like a ticket to mount emei. can you tell me _ take to get there?a. how soon will it b. how soon it will c. how long it will d. how long will it 11. he wanted to know _. a. whether he spe

31、aks at the meeting 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -b. when the meeting would start c. what hes going to do at the meetingd. where would the meeting be held 12. -could you tell me _ the bamboo garden? -the day after tomorrow, i think. a. when will you visit b.

32、 when you will visit c. when would you visit d. when you would visit 13. would you please tell me _ next, mr wang? a. what should we do b. we should do what c. what we should do d. should we do what 14. you cant imagine _ when they received these nice christmas presents.a. how they were excited b. h

33、ow excited they were c. how excited were they d. they were how excited 15. i want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. a. that b. when c. where d. whether 16. -could you tell me _? -sorry, i dont know. i was not at the meeting.a. what does he say at the meeting b. what did he say at the me

34、eting c. what he says at the meeting d. what he said at the meeting 17. -could you tell me _ last night? -er, i was watching euro 2004 at home. a. what you were doing b. what were you doing c. what you are doing d. what are you doing 18. the teacher asked the students _. a. if they were interested in dinosaurs b. when was albert einstein born c. what they will do with the computers d. how many trees they have planted 19. every morning the patients a