译林牛津模块五语法教学(教师版) (2)

1、非谓语动词讲练（教师版）第一课时（一）非谓语动词的句法功能： 充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式(to)+ v动名词 -ing现在分词-ing过去分词-ed（二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto have done to be doing to have been doingto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加not或never特别注意： not having done;ones not doing / ones not having donefor s

2、b. to do sth. of sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb. / sbs doing作主语仅用sbs doing具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done（三）非谓语动词的考点：、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别：一个单句只能有一个谓语，两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓

3、语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性；不用 and 连接时，只能用非谓语动词。如： 1.“Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ t

4、he girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：第一 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性如：Seeing is believing. 第二 需要注

5、意的一些结构：A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在 Its + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary) + for sb. to doIts kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave,

6、considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do、非谓语动词作表语The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。注意两个问题: 一

7、是并行结构问题 To see is to believe二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的（aim, purpose）、愿望(wish, hope)、梦想(dream)、需求(need)”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。My job is teaching.My dream of life is to become a scientist.另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词说明主语所具有的特征：The speech was inspiring.过去分词多表示主语所处的状态：The stude

8、nts were greatly inspired.、非谓语动词作定语 位置：单个分词做定语可放在名词前，其余均放在名词后。Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?Have you read the news referring to house prices?the concerned parents 忧心的家长the parents concerned 相关的家长高考题点击：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the vis

9、itors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修主语 flowers。2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted “谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。3. The picture _ on the

10、wall is painted by my nephew. (2000 北京春季) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hunghang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；a sleeping child,B) 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；a sleeping bag,C) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在 ability, attempt, c

11、hance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：I dont think he is the best man to do the job.He is always the first / the last one to leave the office. D) 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done 表示已经完成的动作：meeting held已经召开的会议to be done 表示尚未开始的动作：a meeting to

12、be held 即将召开的会议being done 表示正在进行之中的动作：a meeting being held 正在召开的会议 、非谓语动词作宾语注意点1. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (93 N) A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to be taking介词的宾语一般都用动名词2. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. （2005天津） A. to sound B.

13、 to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (2000 N) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, de

14、sire, plan, pretend, 等；注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。注意3：在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.4. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (01 上海) A. to have had timeB. ha

15、ving time C. to have timeD. to having time仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit advocate(提倡)appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind miss practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow permit forbid advise 可以用以下口诀进行记忆：背景为你刚到一个新的单位。避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，建议考虑逃亡。 但

16、如果在 allow permit forbid advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。如：allow sb to do sth在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。如：want doing = want to be done5. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. (95 N) A. to do B. to be doing C. to have d

17、one D. having done6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _（2005北京） A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. (02 上海春季) A. waiting B. to wait C. wai

18、t D. to be waiting特别注意：带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stopstop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）go on to do

19、（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）cant help (to) do （不能帮忙做） cant help doing （忍不住要做）要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式to。8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季) A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up9. - How do you deal with the disagreement be

20、tween the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _by the customers. (02 北京) A. to solving makingB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look for

21、ward to，pay attention to, get down to，contribute to, lead to 等 非谓语动词（教师版）第二课时用动词的适当形式填空：1.The young couple seated/sitting (seat/ sit) in front of me kept on talking during the film.2.No one can stand being treated (treat) like this. He is so rude.3.What will you do when you feel betrayed (betray) by

22、 your friend?4.The flowers smelling (smell) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.5. I dont want to sound(sound) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.6. Ive worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job.7. How about the t

23、wo of us taking(take) a walk down the garden?8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting (set) up some schools for poor children.9. They are accustomed to not talking (not talk) at meals.10.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving (move), and asked myself what I w

24、as going to do.11. What do you think of the meeting held(held) yesterday.12. The purpose of the activity is to teach(teach) the students how to cooperate with their teammates.13. Women were forbidden to vote(vote) in that country by law.14. The problem requires considering/to be considered(consider)

25、 again.15. 判断正误：Having not realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.Not having realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. 、非谓语动词作宾（主）补做宾补的非 谓 语常 见 动 词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage sb.to do sth.主谓关系。强调动作将

26、发生或已经完成。The teacher encouraged me to work hard.have(让), notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make sb. do sth.I heard him call me several times.Who would you like to have do the experiment?现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, have(让), feel, keep, leave sb/sth doing/done 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her l

27、istening to the radio.He has the machine running all the time.I wont have my students cheating in the exam. (否定句中表“容忍”)过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.She was surprised that the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.感官动词的宾语补足语(参看预习单)I heard her sing an Engli

28、sh song just now. 刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌。(sing 是不带to 的不定式，做宾补，表主动、完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间的时候，我听见她在唱英文歌。（singing 是现在分词一般主动式作宾补，表主动，正在进行）I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. 几天前我听到一个小女孩唱了一首英文歌。（sung 是过去分词作宾补，表被动、完成）改为被动结构时只有中的非谓语动

29、词需要改变.She was heard to sing an English song at the party.使役动词的宾语补足语1) make/let/have + 宾语 + do (但是 get + 宾语+ to do) (使/ 让/ 叫 某人去做某事); Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐。You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以让你的儿子帮你被这个重箱子。2) have + 宾语 + doing 使/让 持续地做某事；（疑问句、否

30、定句）容忍，允许 get + 宾语 + doing 使/让 开始行动起来His question got the students thinking. 他的问题使学生们思考起来。I wont have you walking home all by yourself. 我不会让你独自走回家的。3) have/get /make+ 宾语 + done 使/让/ 叫某事由别人去做； have sth done 还表示“使遭受”；Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车。Tom had his legs broken while

31、playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。提别提醒：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时to 一定要加上。Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.4) leave/keep + 宾语+ doing 使 保持某种状态 leave + 宾语 + undone 留下某事未做； leave + 宾语 + to do / to be done 留下 要去做/要被做The guest left most of the dishes untouc

32、hed, because they didnt taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。（被动、完成）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动、进行）He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.他去看电影了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有的工作。（主动、将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

33、 我们匆匆忙忙结束了会议，留下许多问题等待解决（被动、将来）5) “主语 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式”，这个结构中的不定式做主语补足语。 He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他出国了。He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 他被认为是我们班最勤奋的学生。6) 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等

34、没有宾补。1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.(95 N) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning使役动词 make sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。2. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99 上海) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done此句

35、中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构： have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have (有) sb. / sth. to do /to be done3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. (2000

36、N) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outthat 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。4. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. (94 N) A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to play感官动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的

37、动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补。5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I d

38、idnt mean to.但be、have (助动词)不可省如：China is no longer what it used to be. He hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have.非谓语动词（教师版）第三课时Revision1. Mother got me to buy some salt.2. I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.3. Tom had his legs hurt while playing football.4. He went to the cinema

39、, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.5. A computer does only what thinking people have it do.6. He hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have7. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year. 8. I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other d

40、ay.、非谓语动词作状语（参看预习单）一、不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 还可以用早某些作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。 I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里，想看看会发生什么。（目的） He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。（结果） I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。（原因） She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那项工作。（结果）二、分词在句中可以

41、作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。如： Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因为生病待在家中。（原因）Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice. 带专家们转了我们的学校后，他们给我们的校长提出了一些建议。（时间）United, we stand; divided, we fell. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（条件）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutti

42、ng it . 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（结果）The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。(伴随)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 告诉他多次，他还是犯同样的错误。（让步）三、注意点：1.非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.（错误）Hearing the news, she

43、burst into tears.2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。如：Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时小心。3.有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。 With all the work finished, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。4.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：The young man rush

44、ed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 年轻人冲进屋，满脸是汗。The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们还是延期开会吧。Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesnt open.=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt op

45、en.5、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。 这些结构有：adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly ) + speaking, judging from / by 从 判断considering / takinginto consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如given sth./ that 假如，考虑到 例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy fam

46、ily. Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all. 6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分To make things/matters even worse To begin with To tell you the truthTo be honest/ exact / strict / frank Believe it or not 例如：To be frank (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude.Believe it or not, he left me standing in t

47、he rain for nearly half an hour.7、分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句，所以，要注意不能再次使用关联词。如：Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. （错误）He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.高考题点击1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as yo

48、u are growing up. (99 上海) A. GetB. GettingC. To get D. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (01 北京春季) A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept不定式作目的状语，还可用in order to或so as to来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96

49、N) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To loselose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。4. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. (00 上海) A. hopedB. hoping C. to hope D. hope注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的to get 。5.He hurried to the booking office only _that all the tickets had been

50、sold out. （2006陕西卷）A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的结果; 句中tell和句子主语he之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching油

51、价上涨的必然结果就是reach a record,故用现在分词作结果状语。7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (2002 N) A. begins B. having begun C. beginningD. begunonce 在此处为连词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，与句子主语The research 为动宾关系，故该用过去分词。8. Finding her car stolen, _. (2001 上海). A. a p

52、oliceman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。注1：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。9. In order to improve English, . (2001上海) A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tap

53、es for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father Jenny给自己买很多磁带以提高英语成绩，故只有B项的句子主语才和动词不定式表示的动作一致10. Having been attacked by terrorists, _.（2004上海） A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. war

54、nings were given to tourists 现在分词和选项中的句子主语the tall building才保持一致，它们之间构成动宾关系注2： 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。11. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江卷) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D.having compared 析：此处是连词when + 分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是we，compare 这个动作是we主动进行的，应用现在分词表示。注3：有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况。