完形填空是对学生语言综合运用能力的考查它既考查学生的ppt课件

1、 完形填空是对学生言语综合运用才干的调查。 它既调查学生的阅读了解的才干，又调查学生词汇运用 以及分析问题 ,处理问题的才干。做完形填空时应通篇 思索,掌握大意，综合运用所学 词汇、语法及常识进展 判别推理 .做完型填空时要掌握相应的一些技巧：1.1.仔细审题，明确大意仔细审题，明确大意. .2.2.留意一些搭配和用法留意一些搭配和用法 3.3.“瞻前顾后，顾后瞻前。瞻前顾后，顾后瞻前。4.4.考生要根据生活常识和相关知识确定选项。考生要根据生活常识和相关知识确定选项。5.5.全文复读，融会贯穿。全文复读，融会贯穿。完形填空时留意四步完形填空时留意四步( (骤骤) ) 第二步第二步 速读全文，

2、掌握大意。速读全文，掌握大意。 速读全文要一气呵成，虽然有空格、速读全文要一气呵成，虽然有空格、 生词或不明白的地方，生词或不明白的地方， 仍要快速读下去。仍要快速读下去。 读时要留意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节读时要留意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节 的词以便于构成思绪。要留意不要在未掌握大意的根底上，的词以便于构成思绪。要留意不要在未掌握大意的根底上， 边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。第一步:仔细审题，明确大意.注重首句，把握开篇。 完形填空普通无标题，首句普通不留空白， 做完型填空的时候在没看选项之前首先要通读全文 细

3、读首句，可判别文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨 (main idea)。第三步第三步 瞻前顾后，灵敏答题。瞻前顾后，灵敏答题。 “瞻前顾后，即先读所填词的句子，回想上瞻前顾后，即先读所填词的句子，回想上一句一句, ,兼顾下句。兼顾下句。 假设一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时假设一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要要“双管齐下，在两处同时试填，然后通读双管齐下，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。全句，确定答案。 答题方法：答题方法： 1 1择优法：根据文章及构造边读边填，择优法：根据文章及构造边读边填， 假设可以立刻断定最正确答案的，不用再去假设可以立刻断定最正确答案的，不用再去逐个考证其他

4、答案。逐个考证其他答案。 2 2排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法构造、词语搭配、上下文语境、位置，从语法构造、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。试填。 排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。第四步第四步 复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。 把填好的短文通读一遍，进展核对把填好的短文通读一遍，进展核对同时留意以下三点：同时留意以下三点： 1. 1.上下文的一致性：即时态语态的上下文的一致性：即时态语态的 一致；代词、名词一致；代词、名词 单复数

5、的一致。单复数的一致。 2. 2.从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至至 语感入手，看能否符合上下文的语感入手，看能否符合上下文的逻辑。逻辑。 3. 3.段与段、句与句之间的衔接能否段与段、句与句之间的衔接能否衔接。衔接。 这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚两处甚 至多处错误。至多处错误。 同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感语感 任猜一个，决不可不选。任猜一个，决不可不选。 一一.skipping(.skipping(跳读跳读): Read through the whole ): Read through the w

6、hole passage without stop to get the general idea and passage without stop to get the general idea and make it clear how the writer arranges the passage.make it clear how the writer arranges the passage.The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, are pr

7、oviding great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.General idea:The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st centu

8、ry.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children, says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 68 Swedish par

9、ents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 69 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers 70 to give young women the permanent永久的永久的 jobs they need to qualify for paid

10、maternity leave (产假产假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or 71 it. Kindlund admits that men are under 72 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in t

11、he workplace, he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 73 a relationship. In Norway, a(n) 74 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.二二. Pay particular attention

12、to the first . Pay particular attention to the first sentence of the passage while reading the sentence of the passage while reading the passage.passage.Usually, the first sentence is the topic sentence of the whole passage, which contains much important information like “ when, where, why, who, wha

13、t, etc. The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just do

14、nt want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children, says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 68 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers d

15、o not take even a (n) 69 day off work. When:Where:What:Why:How:since the 1960s; in the 21th centurysince the 1960s; in the 21th century in Europein Europethe birthrate decreasesthe birthrate decreasesproviding great encouragement for providing great encouragement for creating more babiescreating mor

16、e babiescrisis is at handcrisis is at handTopic sentence:Topic sentence:The birthrate has decreased and European The birthrate has decreased and European countries are providing encouragement to create countries are providing encouragement to create more babies.more babies.三三. It requires associatio

17、n (. It requires association (联想联想) while ) while rereading the passage. rereading the passage. Youd better fancy(想象想象) what content should be in the blank ,according to the context(上下文上下文, the logic and the situation. Then check or adjust(调调整整) the answer according to the options(选项选项).根据上下文的逻辑关系，做

18、完型填空题需求联根据上下文的逻辑关系，做完型填空题需求联想，随时想象所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，想，随时想象所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，而后再以该题选项来验证本人的推测，作出调而后再以该题选项来验证本人的推测，作出调整或修正。在解题过程中，要做到瞻前顾后、整或修正。在解题过程中，要做到瞻前顾后、左右平衡、贯穿全篇。左右平衡、贯穿全篇。For exampleNMET95:Washoe 56 like a human, too . The scientists keep her in a fully furnished 家具齐全的家具齐全的 house. 56. A. live B. acts C

19、. thinks D. plays 下文谈到的是下文谈到的是Washoe的生活环境和生活习惯，的生活环境和生活习惯， 所以该句的意思应该是所以该句的意思应该是“Washoe生活得也象人生活得也象人类类. 四四. Reread the whole passage and check the answers. Reread the whole passage and check the answers.Some methods in common use完型填空的一些通用性的解题方法完型填空的一些通用性的解题方法 一一.non-nexus elimination methods (无关词排除法无关

20、词排除法:The cloze test usually has a very clear and definite focus (中心主线中心主线)，the right option (选选项项) is certain to be close to the theme(主题主题). So those non-nexus options could be eliminated排排除除 easily.For example:Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, in spite of65 cash encouragement(奖励奖励), some

21、women just dont want to be left 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children. 67. A. birthrateB. income C. healthD. spiritA. birthrate出生率出生率 B. income收入收入 C. health安康安康D. spirit精神，灵魂精神，灵魂 二二. Word-presenting simultaneity (同现法：同现法

22、：Word-presenting simultaneity is a means of linking up. The writer always uses some keys words/phrases which are of the same orientation(具具有一样倾向性的词语有一样倾向性的词语) to connect the whole passage. of the same orientationExample:“Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid ey

23、e movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative有有助于复元的助于复元的function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .“43. A. subtle狡猾的，敏感的狡猾的，敏感的 B. obvious C. mysterious D. d

24、oubtfulNeitherwell-understood He was a small man, 43 , and dressed in a clean but old44 suit of clothes. I was happy with his work, but not happy with the 51 way he worked. He was too quiet.But he worked well: like a 55machine, never looking or speaking.43. A. silentB. quiet C. excitedD. nervous Tau

25、tology, namely, repetition, is that some key words or expressions of the same meaning appear in different places to run-through the whole passage. Tautology is another linking way. For example:三三. tautology method(复现法复现法: quiet55machine neverspeaking.四四. Relevancy method(关联法：关联法：Sometimes, two or mo

26、re words or expressions of the same sort appear as parallel structure (并列构造并列构造at the same time. Generally, one of the parallel is set known, but the other one is unknown. Example:He worked through the day by 48 and into the 49 by candlelight. I was 50 with his work, but not happy with the 51 he wor

27、ked. Had he been happy and 53 , I would have liked him much better.48. A. night B. sunlight C. lightD. day49. A. eveningB. daylightC. nightD. dawn50. A. happyB. carefulC. patient D. satisfy51. A. mannerB. meansC. wayD. method53. A. quietB. humorousC. cheerful D. talkativehappy withhappyand 53was hap

28、py with五五. Time clue(时间线索：时间线索：Example 2:That the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit(集成电路集成电路) during the 1960s, radically changed the process30. A. broughtB. followed C. excitedD. characterizedthe introduction of the computer时间：时间：e

29、arly 20th centurythe invention of the integrated circuit时间：时间：1960s (20世纪中后期世纪中后期早出现早出现晚出现晚出现followed byWhile doing cloze test, from which angles While doing cloze test, from which angles do we choose the answer among the options?do we choose the answer among the options?Then he suddenly felt nervou

30、s. After all, it Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it was his first time to 47 a part in a playwas his first time to 47 a part in a playNMET91NMET91 47.A.made 47.A.made B. join B. join C. have C. have D. giveD. give1. From the angle of the habitual use or collocation 从惯用法、搭配角度思索。从惯用法、搭配角度思索。

31、have a parthave a partTaking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. Taking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. The 52 water made him tremble all The 52 water made him tremble all over.(NMET91)over.(NMET91)52.A.deep 52.A.deep B. cool B. cool C. dirty C. dirty D. cold D. cold 2.From the ang

32、le of logical reasoning and common knowledge从逻辑推理、常识等角度思索。从逻辑推理、常识等角度思索。3.From the angle of context 从上下文的角度思索从上下文的角度思索.trembletrembleAffairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement(encouragement(奖励奖励), some women just don), some women

33、 just dont t want to be left holding the baby.want to be left holding the baby.1. A. In spite of 1. A. In spite of B. at the cost of B. at the cost of C. in addition to C. in addition to D. due toD. due todondont t wantwantShe noticed how nervous he was and suggested. She noticed how nervous he was

34、and suggested. he should stand near the stage where he could he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. It was a good 58 of watch and follow the play. It was a good 58 of getting rid of his nervousness. She said ,she was getting rid of his nervousness. She said ,she was

35、 right ,it seemed to59 .(NMET91)right ,it seemed to59 .(NMET91)58.A.idea 58.A.idea B. way B. way C. path C. path D. planD. plan59.A.do 59.A.do B. win B. win C. work C. work D. actD. act4.From the meaning and the usage of the word从词汇的意义及用法去思索。从词汇的意义及用法去思索。Summing up(Summing up(小结小结) ) Skipping to get the general