高一英语必修三导学案英语阅读文体类型及阅读理解答题技巧

1、高一阅读专项训练导学案第1 页共 5 页英语阅读文体类型及阅读理解答题技巧预习案英语阅读文体类型简析高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。1 、记叙文。英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读 的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节 理解为主。2 、议论文。英语议论文通常为三段

2、式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。 议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有：1，总分式总- 分；分 - 总；总 - 分-总；2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系；

3、3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系；4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。3 、说明文。英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法：1，定义与诠释说明；2，举例与引用说明；3，分类与图表说明；4，比较与比喻说明；5，分析与综合说明；就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。4 、应用文。英语应用文属于实用

4、型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取 速读与精读 相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。探究案英语阅读理解答题技巧高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、 主旨大意题、 细节理解题、 推理题和推断题。班级：小组：姓名：评价：第 2页 共 5 页题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。1、词义猜测技巧。这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法 ，而且也要求 对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时， 应注意划线生词后面的定语

5、从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。eg：2013 广州一模阅读a 篇to argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. every single day，over

6、 one hundred animal species vanish. scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the earth s species will become extinct. 27.the underlined word “ vanish ” in paragraph 2 most probably means _. a. remain b. disappear c. become rarer d. get killed2、抓主旨大意的技巧。一般来说，议论文的主旨大意要么在首段，要么在尾段。文章主旨位于首

7、段时，其后的段落通常是演绎论证的过程；在段尾时， 其前的段落通常是在摆事实、讲道理， 最后归纳出全文主旨。说明文的主旨也通常位于首段；记叙文的主旨有的位于开首段（如新闻报道、 时事经纬等文章的主旨均置于开场白的位置，达到开门见山、直奔主题的效果），但大多数记叙文的主旨隐藏在文章之中，需理清文章脉络，挖掘文章内涵，把握作者意图。eg：2013 广州一模阅读a 篇zoos divide opinion ：there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are esse

8、ntial for the survival of endangered species. 29. according to the passage some people do not agree with zoos because they _. a. are too expensive to run b. put animals in danger c. do not provide enough food d. keep animals locked up3、推断题型答题技巧。推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、 某一观点没有直接表述， 而寓意在文章的字里行

9、间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。eg：2013 广州一模阅读a 篇to argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. without zoos 班级：小组：姓名：评价：第 3页 共 5 页many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer

10、 exist. every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the earth s species will become extinct.26. what s the writer s attitude towards zoos?a. he shows no opinion either for or against them. b. he thinks that they are unnecessary and

11、 cruel. c. he believes they play an important environmental role. d. he expresses a desire that more of them be built.4、细节题型的答题技巧。细节题型的解答通常是借助对文中的具体信息的查寻来解决。答题时要采取略读、扫读、 析读和精读的办法从文中找出问题答案。细节题型多问及时间、地点、人物、数量和特征等。eg：2013 广州一模阅读a 篇some animals are in danger because they are hunted. alarmingly, the popu

12、lation of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. other species are in danger because of a lack of food. for example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild. 28. _ according to the passage the world s tiger population _. a. will rise by 5% next year b. is relatively stable

13、 c/ is 95% smaller than in the past d. has fallen to 95% 训练案a new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk. researchers from the university of lows based their firdings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the

14、 associstion between sunscreen use and melanoms(黑素瘤 ). they said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma. most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helpsprevent skin

15、 cancer, which is increasing in incidence ( 发生率 ) faster than any other cancer in the united states. 班级：小组：姓名：评价：第 4页 共 5 页but questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning. the r

16、esearchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin concerpeople with fair skin and freckles （雀斑） ,for exampleare more likely to use sunscreen. as a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get can

17、cer more often. the studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study. 72. the underlined word “ flaws ” in the 2ndparagraph most probably means . a.evidences b.facts c.faults d.failures 7

18、3. people with fair skin and freckles . a.seldom use sunscreen b. are more in danger of skin concer c. can be free from the harm of the sun d. often expose themselves to the sun 74. we can learn from the passage that . a. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often b. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen c. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers d. th