第二讲 代词课件1

1、专题专题 代词代词（pronounspronouns）考查人称代词的宾格在简略答语种的使用形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法it, one, ones, that, those 作替代词的用法区别it表时间，天气，距离等句型及it作形式主语，形式宾语的用法不定代词each, any, every 的用法考纲解读考纲解读: : 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词、连接代词等.代词的定义和分类：代词的定义和分类： 1.人称代词：主格 i, we

2、, you, he, she, it, they宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them 2.物主代词：形容词性my, our, your, his, her, its, their名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs 3.反身代词：单数myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4.相互代词：each other (两者之间相互)；one another (两者以上的相互)代词的分类：5.指示代词：指示代

3、词：this, that, these, those6.疑问代词：疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what7.关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, that(指人指人),which, that, as, whose（指物）（指物）8.不定代词：不定代词：all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, something, everything, nothing somebody, everybody, nobody someone, everyone, no one, many, mu

4、ch, few, less9.连接代词：连接代词：that, whether, if ,wh-, wh-ever 人称代词： 单数单数复数复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称第二人称第三人第三人称称人称代词人称代词主格iyouhe，she，itweyouthey宾格宾格meyouhim，her，itusyouthem 单数单数复数复数 第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人第三人称称物主物主代词代词形容词性myyourhis，her，itsouryourtheir名词性名词性mineyourhis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs物主代词：物主代词：反身代词反身代

5、词单数单数复数复数第一人称 第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词：反身代词：可数可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可数不可数much, (a) little可数不可数可数不可数none, any, other, all, some 复合不定代复合不定代词词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something;

6、 everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing 不定代词：不定代词： none作为代词，最常用来表示数量，它可以是一个可数的概念（how many）也可以是一个不可数的概念(how much),或者any引起的问题；而nothing是相对于something(有某物)什么都没有,它回答的是“what is in/on.”的问题；而no one=nobody没有人，它回答的是“who did that?”（谁）或是anyone（有没有人）的问题。考点考点1: 1: nothing, none, no onenothing, none, no o

7、ne1. what is in the bottle? -nothing.2. how much water is there in the bottle? -none.3. how many students are there in the classroom? -none.4. who is in the classroom now? -no one/ nobody.5. has anyone seen my book? -no one/ nobody.（1）one和ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one代单数，ones代复数，one前面一般不加a,因为它本身有“一个”的意思，

8、但如果one前面有形容词修饰，则需要加a/an。one可以单独使用，意思为“任何人”。例如：shall we have a rest?didnt we just have one?(因为one=a something)i happened to see a book about george w. bush, a nice one indeed.one should always believe in oneself.考点考点2 2：one, ones, that, those, itone, ones, that, those, it（2）that与those：that可以代替前面提到的不可

9、数名词或可数名词单数（相当于the one；而those 代替前面提到的复数名词，有时可以用the ones替换。例如：the population of china is bigger than that of india. (that=the population） the boy told his story and that of the girl next room.(that=the story)the cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.（those=the ce

10、ll phones=the ones)（3）one和it:两者都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词,one指这类东西中的任何一个，指类属，泛指。it指前面所指的同一物（指前面所指的同一些事物应用them）。例如：i need a pen to sign my name. can i have one? (one =a pen)i cannot find my new pen. have you seen it?（it指那支新钢笔）he has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an eng

11、ineer. （当然如果还有第四个，五个就是the fourth, the fifth)he has a book in one hand and a pen in the other.have you finished your report yet？no，i will finish it in another 10 minutes.there is room for another few people in the back of the bus.考点考点3 3：another, the other, other, others, the othersanother, the other

12、, other, others, the othersclass 1 are cleaning the classroom. some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. （泛指）there are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.（特指）both:两者都，谓语动词用复数；either:两者中间的任何一个，谓语动词用单数；neither:两者中间无任何一个，谓语动词多

13、用单数，也可以用复数；each:两个或两个以上中的每一个，谓语动词用单数；any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个，谓语动词用单数；all:三者或三者以上全部；考点考点4 4：both, either, neither, each, any, allboth, either, neither, each, any, all some属于肯定词，主要用于肯定句中，但当说话人期待肯定回答时，也可以用于疑问句中。 例如：could i have some more tea, please?would you like some more coffee? any属于非肯定词，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中

14、。它可以与形容词的比较级连用。 例如：dont come any closer, or ill shoot!no+可数名词单数=not a/an+ 可数名词单数no+可数名词复数=not any+可数名词复数 no+不可数名词=not any+不可数名词 例如：there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. （注意thing前面没有冠词a)考点考点5 5：some, any, nosome, any, no all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every + 名词都表示全部肯定：no

15、 one, none, nobody, nothing, nothing, not any, 以及no + 名词都表示全部否定；但当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。考点6：全部否定和部分否定如：如：both of them havent read this story. = only one of them has read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。并非他们二人都看过这个故事。all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this pro

16、blem.这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。 all bamboo doesnt grow tall. = not all bamboo grows tall. = some bamboo grows tall, but some doesnt. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。 we fear no difficulty. = we dont fear any difficulty. 我们不怕困难。 neither of them wants to stop for a rest. 他们两个谁也不愿意停下来休息。考点考点7 7： both, al

17、l, either, any, neither, none both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法的用法都任何都不两者botheitherneither两者（以上）allanynone如： i had to buy all these books because i didnt know which one was the best. it is easy to do the repair. all you need is a hammer and some nails. i invited joe and linda to dinner, but

18、neither of them came. which of the three ways shall take to the village ? any way as you please. we had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any.一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。典例：our neighbors gave a baby bird yester

19、day that hurt when it fell from its nest考点考点8 8：人称代词人称代词 this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 it isnt that cold还没那么冷。考点考点9 9：指示代词指示代词1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语the text itself is very easy这篇课文本身很简单。(作主语的同位语)(either)jane or yourself will go there要么jane去，要么你自己去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)he is not

20、 laughed at that laughs at himself first谚自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。respect yourself，or no one else will respect you谚要人尊敬，必须自重。考点考点1010：反身代词反身代词2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适i dont know whats the matter with meim not myself today4.

21、 反身代词与介词的固定搭配，与动词的固定搭配 be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 behave oneself (be polite; show good manners) boast oneself 自夸 come to oneself 苏醒 devote oneself to 专心于；献身于 find oneself to 随便吃，自行取用 make oneself at home 不要客气 seat oneself ( = sit ) for yourself (亲自) by myself(=alone; without help 单独地，

22、独自地) of oneself自然地，自动地 in oneself本身性质 beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极 apply oneself to 专心致志于 adapt oneself to 适应于 treat oneself to sth 用款待自己 think for oneself (= form ones own opinion) 独立思考（形成看法，做出决定等） keep sth to oneself 对保守秘密 help oneself to sth =take sth for oneself 擅自取用 when he woke up, he found himself in

23、 hospital. ( find oneself 发现自己不知不觉来到/处于状态)(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：(i)its no use crying over spilt milk谚覆水难收。it takes three generations to make a gentleman谚十年树木，百年树人。考点考点1111：it it 的用法的用法(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：you must

24、make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。)they thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示： 形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如： 1 would appreciate it if yo

25、u paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。 the boy likes it when you do that那个男孩喜欢你那样做。 （高考英语江西卷,27)swimming is my favorite sport. there is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit. a. something b. anything c. nothing d.everythingc(陕西陕西)jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didnt answer of themaother ban

26、y cnone dsomeb典例：典例：isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?aherself bhim citself ditc (江苏)nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents athose bone cboth dthatd(高考英语重庆卷高考英语重庆卷,23)he had lost

27、his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.a. neither b. eitherc. eachd. allb(高考英语陕西卷高考英语陕西卷,12)the cost of renting a house in central xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.a. that b. this c. it d. one a (高考英语上海春季卷,26)it is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. one is the great wall of china, and is japans kansai international airport. aanother bother cthe other dei