大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练

1、.大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练（08180904）大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练（） Passage 1Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it

2、in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath

3、the surface. The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cab

4、le that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pa

5、cific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to b

6、e covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the se

7、a. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 1、 The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on _C_.A) an academic aspect B) a military aspect C) a bus

8、iness aspect D) an international aspect2、 It was _D_that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinental travelers C) those who earned a living from the sea D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3、 The aim of the voyages Maury was res

9、ponsible for in the 1840 was_D_A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B) to collect sample of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_C_”A) doubted B) gave proof to

10、C) challenged D) agreed to 5、 This passage is mainly about_A_A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cableB) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communications  Passage 1 (The original text translating )海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”世纪以前，极少有

11、科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期穿越洲际的旅行家们以及依靠海洋维持生计的人，几乎找不出理由要提出关于海洋的问题，更不会问海洋表面下还有些什么东西。人们第一次必须回答“海洋底部是什么？”（）这个问题是有商业上的后果的，当时有人提议要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的电报缆线。工程师们必须了解路线的纵深起伏形状，才可以估计需要制造多长的电缆。（）由于美国海军的莫里（Maury），大西洋电报公司才在年得到了这方面的信息。世纪年代，（）莫里负责推动进行测探工作的海上航行，以此来调查北大西洋与太平

12、洋的深度。此后，他出了一本叫做海洋的自然地貌的书，在这本书里他提到的一些发现激起了人们很大的兴趣。人们铺设了电缆，但直到年，才有了固定而且可靠的连接。在早期的努力中，电缆坏了，而当它被拉出来维修时，人们发现其表面覆盖着（）活的生物。这一事实挑战了当时的一种科学观点，即海洋较深层是不存在生命的。海洋学在此后几年内发展起来。年，汤姆森（Thomson），带头进行了一项科学考察，历时年，从海洋带回了数以千计的标本。科学家们花了数年时间将它们分类并进行分析，写出了一个长达五卷的报告，其中最后一卷于年出版。  、 从欧洲到美洲铺设电报缆线的提议使得海洋学研究是从_出发的）学术角度）军

13、事角度）商业角度）国际角度、 向莫里要求得到海洋学研究方面帮助的是_）美国海军）一些早期的穿越大洲的旅行家）依靠海洋维持生计的人）提议铺设一条海底电缆的公司、 世纪年代，莫里负责的海上航行的目的是要_）在海上进行测探实验）收集海洋动植物的标本）估测所需电缆的长度）测量两个海洋的深度、 第五段的“ field ”一词可能的意思是_）置疑）证明）挑战）同意、 这一段文章主要是关于_）海洋学的起步）第一条海底电缆的铺设）对海洋深度的研究）早期的洲际交流   大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练（） Passage 2 Normally a student must atte

14、nd a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree, In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three cla

15、sses per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student. Would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer peri

16、od. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For very course that the follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to pros

17、pective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work , but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually perfo

18、rmed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating his to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has he

19、ld one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. 6、Normally a student would at least attend _B_classes each week.A） 36 B） 12 C） 20 D） 157、According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed_B_A） to live in a different uni

20、versityB） to take a particular course in a different universityC） to live a home and drive to classesD） to get two degrees from two different universities8、America university students are usually under pressure of work because_A_A） their academic performance will affect their future careersB） they a

21、re heavily involved in student affairsC） they have to observe university disciplineD） they want to run for positions of authority9、Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_C_A） they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study B） they will then b

22、e able to stay longer in the universityC） such positions help them get better jobsD） such positions are usually well paid10、The student organizations seem to be effective in _B_A） dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB） ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC） evalua

23、ting students performance by bringing them before a courtD） keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities Passage 2 通常，一名学生必须参加一定数量的课程学习才可以毕业，他上的每一门课都会得到学分，这些学分累加起来，才能拿到学位。在许多美国大学里，要拿到学位就得上门课，每门课要上一个学期。（）一门典型的课程是每个星期上节课，共上个星期；而一名大学生可能（）每学期要学习到门课程。通常每个学生都应该上年学，每年两个学期。有可能要花超过年的时间才

24、能拿到学位，（）也有可能一个学生在攻读学位时在两所不同的大学上课，然而，这实际上并不常见。学生上的每一门课都会有一个分数，分数是有记录的，（）学生可以把他的分数记录给未来的雇主看。这些为学生施加了学习上长期的压力和负担。但尽管如此，有些学生还是能挤出时间来积极参与学生活动。竞选学生组织中的职位能够激发很大的热情。（）遵守纪律的有效承诺通常是由向校方提议的学生们来执行的。任何被认为违反了规定的学生，比如说，考试作弊的学生，必须在学生法庭上受审。学生数目众多，则这一体系在动作时就会涉及到为数不少的学生活动。（）在其中担任过领导职位的学生就会很受人尊敬，对他将来的事业也很有利。 、通常一名

25、学生每星期要上至少_节课。A）B）C）D）、根据本文第一段，美国学生可以_A）住在不同的大学里B）在另一所大学上某一门特定的课程C）住在家里，开车去上课D）从两所大学得到两个学位、美国大学生通常都会感到学习的压力，因为_A） 他们在学术上的表现会影响他们未来的工作）他们过多地参与学生活动B） 他们必须遵守学校纪律）他们想争取领导职位、有些学生热衷于学生组织中的职位可能是因为_A）他们痛恨学习上长期的压力和负担B）这样他们要吧在学校待得长一些C）这种职位有助于他们找到较好的工作D）这种职位通常报酬优厚、学生组织似乎在_方面卓有成效。A）处理学校的学术活动B）确保学生遵守校纪C）通过学生法庭的审判

26、衡量学生们的表现D）保持学生们对社会活动的热情    大学英语四级阅读材料每日一练（） Passage 3Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr.Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labour th

27、rough your work you may say that youre “hot”. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but

28、 it leads to such familiar monologues as: “Get up, John! Youll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cyc

29、le each member of the family has.You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make you life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr.Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later tha

30、n you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn

31、and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. A void the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hour

32、s. 11.If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably_D_A) he is a lazy person B) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is low D) he is at his peak in the afternoon or eveningC12.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the

33、 passage?A) Unawareness of energy cycles. B) Familiar monologuesC) A change in a family members energy cycle D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members13.If one wants to work more efficiently at his how point in the morning, he should_C_A) change his energy cycle B) overcome his

34、 lazinessC) get up earlier than usual D) go to bed earlier14.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_A_A) help to keep your energy for the days workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle un

35、der control all dayB15.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save ones energyB) Dr.Kletman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycleD) Children have energy cycles, t

36、oo. Passage 3你是否发现早上起床很困难以至于是一种痛苦？这也许可以被称作懒惰，但克莱特曼博士有一种新的解释。他已证明每个人都有一个日能量周期。在你工作的时候，你可能会说你很“热”。没错！一天当中你觉得精力最为充沛的时候就是你的体温周期达到顶峰的时候。对一些人来说，这一顶峰会在午前到来。而对另一些人来说，则到下午或是晚上才来到。（）还没有人能够提示为什么会这样，但这导致了大家都很熟悉的那种自言自语，例如（）“该起床了，约翰！又要上班迟到了！”对这种烦恼可能性的解释就是他的体温与能量顶峰在晚上到来。（）当夫妇们了解到能量周期的意义，并得知每个家庭成员的能量周期是哪一种类型的时

37、候，很多家庭争端便结束了。你无法改变你的能量周期，但你了解到自己的周期之后可以使你的生活更加适合它。克莱特曼博士认为习惯是有帮助的。也许你很想睡觉，但觉得你无论如何都得熬夜。习惯性地延迟睡觉时间可以在一定程度上对抗你的周期。（）如果你早上能量低，但在一大清早有件很重要的工作要做，就比平时早些起床。这样做不会改变你的周期，但你可以在能量低的时候鼓起干劲，更好地工作。（）慢慢地开始一天的工作有助于节约能量。起床时放松地打个哈欠，伸伸懒腰，在床上坐一会儿再下地。前一天晚上把干净衣服放好，这样就不用手忙脚乱地到处乱翻。尽可能在下午做常规工作，把需要更多能量与注意力的任务留到最佳状态的时候来处理。、如果

38、一个人觉得早起很难，很有可能_A)他是个懒惰的家伙B)他不愿遵循自己的能量周期C)他不清楚自己什么时候能量低D)他的高峰在下午或晚上、根据本文，下面哪种情形会导致家庭争端？A)没有意识到存在能量周期B)熟悉的自言自语C)一名家庭成员改变了他的能量周期D)企图控制其他家庭成员的能量周期、如果一个人想在他的能量低点早晨工作得更有效率，他应该_A)改变他的能量周期B)克服他的懒惰C)比平时起得早些D)早些睡觉、建议你起床时打个哈欠，伸伸懒腰，因为这样会_A)帮助你保持一天工作的能量B)帮助你在一天的开始就控制脾气C)使你专注于常规工作D)使你全天的能量都得到控制、下面哪个说法不正确？A) 花最小的力

39、气开始工作有助于节约能量B) 克莱特曼博士解释了为什么人们在一天当中不同的时间达到能量顶峰C) 习惯帮助人适应自己的能量周期D) 孩子也有能量周期   大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练（） Passage 4We find that bright children are rarely held back by 重点mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadva

40、ntages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade peo

41、ple just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching

42、contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problem as well as learning how to t

43、hink, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some for

44、mal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, a

45、nd we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.16. In the passage the authors attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is_C_D_没有理解mixed-ability teaching的意思A) critical B) questioning C) approving D) objective17. By “held back”(Line 1) the author means “_D_”A) made to remain in the same clas

46、ses B) forced to study in the lower classesC) drawn吸引 to their studies D) prevented from advancing18. The author argues that a teachers chief concern should be the development of the students_B_A) personal qualities and social skills B) total personality C) learning ability and communicative skills

47、D) intellectual abilityB19. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with othersB) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilitiesC) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capabl

48、e organizers.D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.AB20. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to _A) argue for teaching bright and not so0bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use

49、of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching Passage 4 （16）（17）我们发现，聪明的孩子如果接受不按能力分班的教学，很少会因此被拖后了。相反，他们在知识和经验方面都有长进。我们认为把学生按照能力分班有很多弊端。这种做法没有考虑到孩子们发展情形各不相同这一事实。对聪明的孩子和不太聪明的孩子都有不良影响。毕竟，在最好的那一档里做最差的学生也够令人气馁了！此外，只根据人的智力水平来对人进行分类也是颇不现实的。这仅仅是全部人品特征的一个方面罢了。（1

50、8）我们关心的是让所有的学生都能充分发展各方面的能力，而不仅仅是学术能力。我们也很看重个人品质与社交技能，而我们发现不按能力分班的教学对学习所有这些方面都很有益。在教室里，我们以不同的方式工作。（19）（A）学生们通常会以小组为单位进行学习；这样他们便有机会学习相互合作、分享，以及（19）（C）培养领导技能。他们还能学到怎样处理个人问题，以及（19）（B）怎样思考，怎样作决定，怎样分析和评价，与怎样进行有效的交流。学生们不仅向老师学习，也可以互相学习。有时，学生们也会以结对的方式学习；还有时，他们自己完成个人的任务，他们可以按照自己的速度来做。在适当的时候，他们也要接受正规的课堂教学。我们鼓励

51、学生们使用图书馆，所以我们要教他们所需的技巧，才能有效地利用好图书馆。一个先进的学生可以做先进的工作，而他的年龄多大并不重要。我们期望学生们可以最大限度而不是最小限度地发挥他们的能力，我们也会尽量鼓励他们达到定目标。16、在文中，作者对“不按能力分班的教学”持_态度。A） 批判的 B）怀疑的 C）赞同的 D）客观的17、第一行的“held back”的意思是_A）可以待在同样的班级里 B）被迫在较差的班里学习C）吸引学习 D）阻碍发展18、作者的观点是：教师主要应关心学生_发展A）个人品质与社交技能 B）整个人品特征C）学习能力与交流能力 D）智力水平19、下面哪个说法没有在第三段提到？A）

52、以小组为单位进行学习给学生们学习相互合作的机会B） 学生们也要学习培养他们的推理能力C） 以小组为单位的学习让孩子们有机会学习怎么做一个有能力的组织者D） 学生们还学习怎样参与到教学活动中去。20、作者写本文的用意是_A） 提出要让聪明的孩子与不太聪明的孩子在同样的班里接受教育B） 推荐在教室活动中采用结对或分组学习的方式C） 提出正确利用图书馆的建议D） 强调合理进行正规的课堂教学的重要性   大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练（） Passage 5Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient

53、 care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israels example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers

54、 everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patients illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking furthe

55、r advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursi

56、ng administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israels nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors. 21. Which of the following best