高考英语阅读理解标题配备题解题指导

1、高考英语阅读理解标题配备题解题指导标题配备题是高考英语阅读理解的重要题型之 一，备考时应注意下列几点：一、熟悉标题的语言特点近几年高考英语阅读理解考查实践表明，高考英 语阅读理解标题配备题常有下列几种形式：1. 短语式短语式标题可为单纯的名词短语，也可为带介词 （表示范围）的名词或动名词短语，语言简洁，观点 明确，立场分明。ireland, past and presentf 2011 年安徽卷）weakness and kindness（2011 年广东卷） banking on gardening（2011 年新课标全国卷）2. 陈述句式陈述句式标题为一个简短的陈述句，它可清晰表 达作者的

2、观点和写作目的。law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn（2011 年上海卷）tv will better the world （2010 年福建卷）3. 疑问句式疑问句式标题可为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句，也 可为反意疑问句，这种标题发人深省，劝告力度大。shouldn' t we know who invented the windshield wiper? （2011年江苏卷）why do i read? （2010 年四川卷）4. 问答式问答式标题由简短的问句和答句构成，问句常表 示条件，答句常表示结果

3、，观点逻辑性强，劝诫力度 大。need speed? slow down. （2011 年四川卷）二、了解标题的配备原则标题的配备应遵循下列三个原则：1. 高度的概括性首先，标题必须用简短的文字反映文章的主题， 对文章内容进行高度的浓缩，这样读者一看到标题就 对文章将要介绍的内容有一个大致了解，就会带着期 待性心理愉悦顺畅地阅读文章。2. 强烈的针对性虽然标题是对文章内容的高度概括，但也不能太 过笼统、抽象、泛化，而失去对文章具体内容的指向， 否则即使看到标题读者也无法了解文章的主题和所要 介绍的大致内容，这样阅读文章就失去了方向感、成功感和满足感。3. 一定的醒目性任何标题的配备都是为了吸引

4、读者，因此其必须 精彩亮丽，具有一定的醒目性。这样，标题或短小精 悍、言简意赅，或句式对称、丰满挺拔，或新颖时尚、 情感动人，充满美感，醒人眼目。当然，配备标题时 也不应一味追求醒目性而忽视高度的概括性和强烈的 针对性，醒目性应服从于概括性和针对性，这是一个 十分重要的原则。三、掌握标题的配备方法既然标题是用精彩简短的语言反映文章的主题， 因此寻找关键信息提炼主题是解题的关键。实践表明, 主题信息常常在文章的下列位置出现：1. 文章首句首句是文章最先展现在读者面前的具体内容，也 常常是作者最想表达的观点，因此它最有可能成为文 章主题。利用这一点常常可以快速寻找到主题信息成 功配备标题。必须注意

5、的是，阅读首句时停留时间要 长，阅读次数要多，思考的深度应深，这样就不会因 疏忽大意而错过在刚开始阅读文章时就捕捉住主题信 息并成功提炼出主题的机会。例 1： 原文：human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to scienee under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in britain, a group of leadi ng archaeologists （考古学家）says .in a letter addressed

6、 to the justice secretary, ken clarke, 40 archaeology write of their “deep and widespread con cer n" about the issue .it cen ters on the law introduced by the ministry of justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in england and wales to be reburied within two years, regardless

7、of their age the decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. （2011 年上海卷阅读 理解c篇首节）试题：which of the following might be the best title of the passage? （75 题）a. new discoveries should be reburied, the government demandsb. re

8、search time should be extended, scientists requirec. law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities sayd. law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn分析：认真阅读分析原文第一节不难发现，首句 human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threaten

9、s research into the history of humans in britain, a group of leading archaeologists （考古学家）says.为主题信息，对其加以 提炼不难推出d为正确答案。这是一个陈述句式标题, 用朴素的语言清楚表明了作者的观点。例 2： 原文：ireland has had a very difficult history. the problems started in the 16th century when english rulers tried to conquer （征月艮）ireland. for hundre

10、ds of years, the irish people fought against the english finally, in 1921, the british government was forced to give independence to the south of ireland the result is that today there are two "irelands". northern ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom the republic of ireland

11、, in the south, is an independent country. （2011 年安徽卷阅读理解d篇首节）试题：what can be the best title for the text? （71 题）a. life in irelandb. a very difficult historyc. ireland, past and presentd. the independence ofireland分析：认真阅读分析原文首节不难发现，首句 ireland has had a very difficult history.为主题信息，进行 概念转换不难推出c为正确答案。

12、这是一个短语式标 题，用简短的文字清楚表明了文章的主题是介绍爱尔 兰的过去和现在（历史）。2. 文章首节其他位置不少情况下作者在亮明自己观点之前需要先过渡 一下，或先推出多个画面、举出特定例子然后亮明自 己的观点，或先介绍错误观点然后道出正确观点。显 然，首节其他内容尤其末句也很有可能成为主题信息, 阅读时应仔细认真，弄清哪一个句子是作者真正想表 达的观点，是其与读者真正想分享的内容。例 1： 原文：in the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals this sometimes happens

13、 with humans also. but i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people i see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat and i have discovered that it makes them happy（2011 年广东卷阅读理解a篇首节）试题： which of the following is the best tit

14、le forthe passage? （30 题）a. wheelchair experienceb weakness andkindn essc. weak ness and st re ngthd a drivi ng experie nee分析：认真阅读分析原文不难发现，首节第三句but i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in peop庖为主题信息，表明作者认为弱者的 存在可以导致强者的善良，由此不难推出b为正确答 案。这是一个短语式标题，用最简洁的文字揭示了弱 者与善良之间的关系。例 2：原文：we know t

15、he famous onesthethomas edisons and the alexander graham bells but what about the less famous inven tors? what about the people who inven ted the traffic light and the windshield wiper （雨舌ij器）？ shouldn，t we know who they are?（2011年江苏卷阅读理解a篇首节）试题： which of the following can best serve as the title of

16、 this passage? （ 59 题）a. how to help students to sell their inventions to producers?b. how to design a built-in device for cleaning thewindow?c. shouldn，t we know who invented the windshield wiper?d. shouldn' t we develop invention courses in universities?分析：认真阅读分析原文首节不难发现，末句 shouldn" t we

17、know who they are?为主题信息，追踪句 中they的指代不难发现c为正确答案。这是一个反意 疑问句式标题，语气坚定，劝告力度大。例 3：原文：cassandra feeley finds it hard to man age on her husba nd，s income so this year she did something more than a hobby （业余爱好）：she planted vegetables in her yard for her first garden, ms feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, an

18、d five rows of a variety of vegetables the family" s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. last year, ms. rita gartin kept a small garden. this year she has made it much larger because, she said, “the cost of everything is going up and i was looking to lo

19、se a few pounds, too; so it" s a win-win situation all arouncl.”（2011年新课标全国卷阅读理解c篇首节）试题：which of the following might be the best title for the text? （66 题）a. family food planningb. banking on gardeningc. a belt-tightening moved. gardening as a hobby 分析：原文首节末句中的the cost of everything is going up

20、为主题信息，表明cassandra feeley在自家院 子里开辟蔬菜园的目的是为了弥补生活费用的上涨， 可见对她来说，开了一个蔬菜园就犹如开了一家园艺 银行，用简洁的文字表达一下不难发现b为正确答案。 这是一个短语式标题，用简洁的文字表明了文章的主 题。3. 文章末节还有一些时候，作者先不直接亮明自己的观点， 而用具体例子或详细的论证来展开文意，直到文章快 要结束时才表明自己的观点，道出自己的写作目的。 因此文章末节也有可能包含文章主题信息。阅读文章 时如果不能在首节确定主题不要着急，应耐心阅读下 文尤其末节，只有这样才能成功获取主题信息，正确 配备标题。例： 原文：strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. teams that regularly take 廿me to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their b