英语六级 写作指导

1、第一篇 写作考纲透析写作要求大学英语六级考试大纲规定考生应达到如下要求：“考生能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记、回答问题、写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题、提纲、表格或图示在半小时内写出150180词的短文，能写日常应用文(如信函、简历等)，且内容完整、条理清楚、文理通顺。” 按照大学英语教学大纲要求的规定，大学英语六级的作文应当在半小时内完成，主要测试考生用英语书面表达的一般能力，要求文章切题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，文理基本通顺，无重大语言错误。命题趋势1995年以来英语六级作文真题The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communi

2、cation议论文写作：互联网对人际交往的影响（2012,6）The Way to Success议论文写作：成功之道（2011,12）The Certificate Craze议论文写作：考证热（2011, 6）University Ranking议论文写作：关于大学排名（2010,12）Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese议论文写作：是否应当重视汉语学习？（2010,6）Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?议论文写作：父母应当送孩子上艺术班吗？（2009,12）On

3、 the Importance of a Name议论文写作：名字有多重要？（2009,6）How to improve students mental health说明文写作：如何改善学生心理健康？（2008,12） The Internet议论文写作：互联网（2008,6）The digital age说明文写作：数字时代（2007,12）Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?议论文写作：做好事应当期望得到回报吗？(2007, 6)The Importance of Reading Classics议论文写作：阅读经典的重要性(

4、2007,1)Traveling Abroad议论文写作：近年来，越来越多的人选择出境旅游，分析出现这种现象的原因以及可能产生的影响(2006,6)A Letter Declining a Job Offer书信写作：一封谢绝用人单位工作邀请的英文书信写作(2006,1)Say No to Pirated Products议论文写作：目前盗版的现象比较严重，解释盗版原因及相应对策(2005,6)Your Help Needed书信写作：为一个患病同学写一封捐款信(2005,1)A Letter to an Editor书信写作：给报社主编写信反映服务行业存在的问题及解决办法(2004,6)Re

5、duce Waste on Campus议论文写作：对大学校园里浪费现象发表评论(2004,1)图表作文：关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量，给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书(2003,9)Changes of Ownership of Houses in China看图写作：描述图表中公房和私房变化柱状表，再解释原因(2003,6)It Pays to Be Honest 议论文写作：做人应该诚实(2003,1)Student Use of Computers 看图写作：根据图表阐述大学生使用计算机的情况并解释原因(2002,6)A Letter to the

6、 University President about the Canteen Service on Campus书信写作：就本校食堂卫生状况给校长写一封抱怨信(2002,1)A letter to a Schoolmate 书信写作：给同窗好友写信邀请他参加度假活动(2001,6)How to Succeed in a Job Interview?议论文写作：阐述面试在求职过程中的作用及注意事项(2001,1)Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?议论文写作：在大学里举行英语考试是否有必要(2000,6)How I Finance My College

7、Education?议论文写作：简述上大学费用的解决途径以及哪种方式适合自己(2000,1)Reading Selectively Or Extensively?议论文写作：读书是否应该有选择性(1999,6)Dont Hesitate to Say “No”议论文写作：别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”;为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”；该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处(1999,1)Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?议论文写作：某些“幸运数字”真能带来好运吗(1998,6)My View on Take Commodities议

8、论文写作：有关假冒伪劣商品方面的主题(1998,1)My View on Job-Hopping议论文写作：你对始终从事一种工作和经常更换工作的看法(1997,6)Haste Makes Waste议论文写作：“欲速则不达” 的意义，试举例说明(1997,1)Health Gains in Developing Countries图表作文：先描述发展中国家的期望寿命变化情况，然后说明变化原因 (1996,6)Why I Take the College English Test Band 6?议论文写作：叙述有人认为没有必要参加CET-6考试,给出你仍然参加CET-6考试的理由(1996,1)

9、Should Firecrackers Be Banned?议论文写作：人们对放鞭炮的好坏意见不一，分析后提出自己的看法(1995,6)My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements议论文写作：先说明不良商业广告的副作用和危害性，然后摆明自己对这些广告的态度(1995,1) 从上表可以看出，六级考试写作以考查议论文的写作为主，通常是对某一现象或观点发表自己的意见，涉及的题材来源于大学生的日常生活，如广告、学费、考试、兼职等等，这就要求考生平时多观察、多思考、多练笔，考试的时候才能有的放矢。同时，2001年之后的几年里，应用文的考查也

10、日渐重要，通常以书信形式（投诉信、求助信、建议信等私人或公务信函）为主，这就要求考生除了加强练笔以外，还要注意应用文写作的基本格式。图表型作文虽然出现得不多，但也应引起考生的重视。图表型作文一般是针对某个社会现象，写法与议论文大同小异，关键是考生要能正确描述表中的内容。评分标准一、 评分原则大学英语六级写作采用总体评分法，即评阅人阅读文章后根据总体印象给出一个分数，而不是按累计语言上的错误数目来扣分。具体来说，评卷员必须从内容和语言两方面综合考虑，然后评定分数，决不能只看内容而忽视语言。内容和语言二者是一个统一体，文章的内容要靠语言来表达。一篇错误百出、语句不通、用词不当的文章势必造成理解上的

11、障碍，也不能清楚地表达其内容。二、 评分标准大学英语六级考试中写作的满分是15分，阅卷标准共分五等，即2分、5分、8分、11分和14分，各有标准样卷一至二份。各等的具体标准如下：2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎；5分条理不清，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误，有较多严重的语言错误；8分基本切题，有些地方表达思想不清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中一些是严重错误。11分切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题，表达清楚，文字连贯，基本无语言错误。以上面的标准为基础，每一等都可以根据考生实际情况上下浮动一分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分。若认为与某一分

12、数（如11分）相似，即定为该分数（即11分）；若比样卷稍好，加1分；稍差，则扣1分。考生还要注意下面一些事项：1. 白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则判为0分。2. 字数不够的酌情扣分。如作文给出了起始句、主题句、结论句等，不计入考生的作文字数。具体标准为：累计字数在140-130扣1分；129-120扣2分；119-110扣3分；110-100扣4分；100-80扣5分；累计字数在80以下，最多给5分。3. 如果作文要求写三段，但考生只写出了一段，得04分；只写出两段，得09分。应试技巧大学英语六级写作要求考生在30分钟内完成作文的写作。如何安排这30分钟非常重要

13、。一般说来，首先花大约分钟的时间，仔细审题，列出提纲；然后用20分钟左右的时间完成写作；最后用5分钟左右复查作文，尽量避免在语法、拼写和标点符号方面的错误。通常，阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。所以，考生的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得比较地道，力争没有任何的拼写或语法错误。大学英语六级写作不仅要求结构合理，文章的逻辑性也很重要。在写作的时候要注意连接词的使用。如果能够在段落之间恰当运用关系词，文章的层次感和逻辑性就会比较突出。在最后几分钟复查作文的时候，要注意以下三点：1. 拼写和标点符号是否正确，文章中是否有汉字、涂改和划线，尽量保证卷面整洁，字迹工整；2. 搭

14、配是否正确，尤其是动词和介词的搭配，动词后是接不定式还是动名词等；3. 语法是否正确，特别是人称、时态、和单复数的三个“一致”。另外，要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。第一章 利弊选择型解题点拨一、 体裁介绍利弊选择型写作要求考生对某一个问题进行正反两方面的论述和分析，并进一步提出自己的认识和看法。论证方法可采用对比法，就两个方面进行利与弊的比较；同时还可以用例证法，用具体的事实论据来证明这两个方面的利与弊；或者采用因果分析论证法，用because, as a result, so that等词介绍两

15、个方面产生的原因和相应的结果。审题思路 考生要认真审题，首先确立写作的主题，然后根据所给提纲，对已知材料进行归纳和总结。这类作文通常可以分为四个步骤来写：第一段：开头段，简述某一现象、事件或问题；第二段：阐述提纲中列出的第一种看法，举出事例或陈述理由。主题句+举例一/理由一+举例二/理由二+举例三/理由三第三段：阐述提纲中列出的第二种看法，举出事例或陈述理由；主题句+举例一/理由一+举例二/理由二+举例三/理由三第四段：表明自己的观点，结束全文。二、 真题分析Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a sho

16、rt essay entitled Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes? You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班；2. 对这种做法有人表示支持，有人并不赞成；3. 我认为(09, 12)1. 审题列纲这是一篇利弊论证型作文题，可根据提纲将其分为如下四段：第一段引言段。引言可以是简单的对全文观点的总结，也可以是相关争

17、议的背景介绍。第二段陈述两种不同的观点，即有人表示支持，有人并不赞成；第三段陈述自己的观点，并解释理由；第四段是结论，总结加建议。2. 写作思路可以按照以下步骤进行写作：主题 对家长送孩子参加各种艺术班的不同观点。开头段 点明主题，指出争论的焦点：是否送孩子参加各种艺术班。中心段1 有些人支持，因为这么做可以成就艺术天才和培养兴趣爱好；也有人反对，因为孩子压力过大。中心段2 我的观点。持反对的态度，因为这种做法剥夺了孩子放学后的快乐时光，增加孩子的负担。结论段 童年是孩子们玩耍的时光。大人们所要做的不是给孩子们灌输知识，而是要激发孩子的求知欲。范文A childs world is suppo

18、sed to be fresh and new and full of wonder and excitement. Unfortunately, this is not the case for some kids, especially for those born and bred in cities, because a majority of them are forced to attend various art classes.Some claim that it is beneficial for childrens development. They presume tha

19、t the earlier their children are exposed to arts, the more likely it is to find out the artistic potential hidden in them. Even if their children fail to become another child prodigy, the interests in arts cultivated in childhood will be of great value in their whole life. Whereas others deem it is

20、harmful for children who are already overburdened.I think children should have the right to enjoy their childhood. Forcing them to art classes will leave them less time to enjoy the beauty of the nature or to find their talent in things they are really interested in.To sum up, childhood is a time fo

21、r children to play as they wish. It is more important to pave the way for their desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to assimilate.高分必备一、 表示好处的句型1) It has the following advantages.2) It does us a lot of good.3) It benefits us quite a lot.4) It is beneficial to us.5)

22、It is of great benefit to us.二、 表示坏处的句型1) It has more disadvantages than advantages.2) It does us much harm.3) It is harmful to us.4) However, this great event does more harm than good to us.三、 万能模板There is no consensus of opinions among people about _ / People hold different views about_ . Some peo

23、ple are of the opinion that/Some people believe (/argue/recognize/think) that_ . For one thing _. For another _ . But other people take an opposite side/While others point out that _./Other people stand on a different ground/Others consider_ . They firmly believe that_ . There is some truth in both

24、arguments. As for (/to) me, I agree to the former (/latter idea)/As far as I am concerned, the former (/latter) opinion holds more weight. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all_ .More importantly _. Most important of all _.In summary/To conclude _.第二章 观点论证型解题点拨一、 体裁介绍观点论证型作文要求考

25、生根据题目给出的论点，按照所给提纲的结构（通常为中文）要求对其展开论证，并用举事例、列数据等论证方法对论点进行阐述。此类作文需注意：论点要正确，阐述要有条理，考生在结论部分还要提出自己的观点。审题思路 此类作文一般结构都非常清晰，考生应当紧扣提纲，仔细思考论点和论据。对于此类作文，我们可以按照以下步骤写作： 表明观点，提出论点； 论证观点，以事实、数据，辅之以比较等方法例证观点； 得出结论或表明自己的看法。观点论证型作文的写作模式如下： 第一部分：总结描述,先用一句话描述当今社会存在的某种观点，并且用简单的话扩展说几句：主题句扩展句 第二部分：列出论据，说明观点成立的理由： 主题句举例1+举例

26、2+举例3 第三部分：表明自己的观点并结束全文。二、 真题分析Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic The Importance of Reading Classics. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 阅读经典著作对人的成长至关重要；2. 现在人们越来越少阅读经典著作，原因是3. 作为大学生，你

27、应该怎么做(07,1)1. 审题列纲这是一篇典型的观点论证型文章，根据提纲可以分为三个部分来展开论述：第一部分阐述观点，指出阅读经典著作对人成长的重要性；第二部分具体分析当今人们不重视经典著作的原因，摆出论据论证观点；第三部分阐述作为当代大学生，应正视这一问题，采取力所能及的行动。2写作思路主题 阅读经典著作的重要性以及当代人们对经典著作的忽视。开头段 开门见山提出论证观点：阅读经典著作对人的成长至关重要。中心段 转折，提出当今人们不重视经典著作，并具体分析原因。 社会竞争激烈，与阅读经典相比，电视节目等娱乐活动更能放松神经。 书店里充斥快餐读物，比经典著作更容易读懂。结论段 作为当代大学生，

28、具体应该做到如下几点： 从我做起，阅读经典，提升人格和素养。 向公众宣传阅读经典著作的重要性。【范文】 The Importance of Reading Classics Few can doubt the importance of the classical books in mans character development and personal growth. In my view, reading classics such as Analects of Confucius and Historical Records will undoubtedly enhance one

29、s knowledge on Chinese history and traditional culture; besides, it would be an effective way to raise ones taste as well. However, young people today hardly read those classics and reasons for this phenomenon may be listed as follows: Firstly, our education system, to some extent, seems to have neg

30、lected the instruction of classical language and works, which makes reading classics quite difficult. Secondly, in this world of fierce competition, few people still have patience to read those time-consuming works. Thirdly, compared with classics, many “fast-food” reading materials are more popular

31、 among the young people who are in pursuit of fashion.As a college student, I deeply understand the value of the classics. So, it is high time that we started reading classics, absorbed in those legacies about culture, history, arts and humans. Whats more, we should also advocate the public to love,

32、 read and study the classics and enjoy the pleasure brought by them.高分必备一、 基本句型和表达1. 表示原因1) There are three reasons for this.2) The reasons for this are as follows.3) The reason for this is obvious.4) The reason for this is not far to seek.5) The reason for this is that6) We have good reason to beli

33、eve that2. 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1) It is important（/necessary/difficult/convenient/possible）for sb. to do sth.2) We think it necessary to do sth.3) It plays an important role in our life.3. 开头段常用核心句型1) The arguer may be right about, but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that2) Contrary to generally

34、 accepted views, I argue that3) It is true that, but this is not to say that4) The main/obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that5) It would be natural/reasonable to think that, but it would be absurd to claim that6) There is absolutely no reason for us to believe

35、 that7) The problem/fact is that8) As far as I am concerned, I believe that9) Those who object toargue thatBut people who favor, on the other hand, argue that4. 中间段的常用核心句型1) The change inmainly results from2) The increase inis due to the fact that3) Many people would claim that4) One of the reasons

36、given for that is5) There are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in First Second Finally6) Why are (is/do/did)? 7) For one thing For another8) History is filled with the examples of9) As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that10) There is (/no) good eviden

37、ce to We must admit the undeniable fact that11) No one can deny the fact thatExperience (/Evidence) suggests that12) The same is true of5. 结尾段的常用核心句型1) It is high time that we placed great emphasis on the improvement of2) It is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation (/tendency/pheno

38、menon) of3) There is no easy solution to the problem of, butmight be useful. Unless there is a common realization of, it is very likely that4) It is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.5) It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth o

39、f6) It is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding (/developing/improving)7) Anyway, more publicity should be given to the potential effects of8) To control the tendency is not an easy job, and it involves a different state of attitude towards二、 万能模板Nowadays, with the development of soc

40、iety, _ has become increasingly serious(/common/popular/prevalent/rampant). Some people believe (/argue/recognize/think) that_ . But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that_ . An example can give the details of this argument. There is some truth in both arguments. But as for me,

41、 I agree to the former (/latter) idea (/opinion)/As far as I am concerned, the former (/latter) opinion holds more weight. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all,_ . More importantly,_ . Most important of all,_ . In summary,_ . As a college student, I am supposed to _ . From abo

42、ve, we can predict that _ .第三章 现象解释型解题点拨一、 体裁介绍现象解释型作文命题要求考生首先明确描述社会生活中存在的某一种现象，然后阐述该现象反映的社会问题，并解释该现象存在或产生的原因。审题思路 在落笔之前先花几分钟时间进行思考，一要做到抓住中心，二要理清思路，以免南辕北辙或不知所云。对于此类作文，我们可以按照以下步骤写作： 表明观点，提出论点； 论证观点，以事实、数据、比较等方法例证观点； 得出结论或表明自己的看法。现象解释型作文的写作模式如下： 第一部分：总结描述，先用一句话描述当今社会存在的某种现象或者事物，并且用简单的语言进行扩展阐述：主题句扩展句 第

43、二部分：举例说明现象：主题句举例1+举例2+举例3 第三部分：表明自己的观点并结束全文。图表型说明文可以说是现象解释型的变体。命题通常以图表的形式列举数据，说明某一种社会现象，反映其现状及发展趋势。这类命题要求首先描述图表中展示的内容，其次通过具体分析解释其变化或发展的原因，发表自己的见解。写作模式与现象型类似，不同的只是：一般的现象型作文要求描述现象，通常没有具体的数据；而图表型作文是以数据和图表反映的趋势和变化为依托。鉴于图表作文较一般的现象解释型作文难度稍大，如下我们特意选择了图表型作文，以帮助考生掌握写作规律和技巧。二、 真题分析Directions: For this part, y

44、ou are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Traveling Abroad. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: Number of people in city X traveling abroad in 1995,2000,20051. 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游；2. 出现这种现象的原因；3. 这种现象可能产生的影响。(

45、06, 6)1. 审题列纲本题为图表型作文，考生可以根据给出的提纲，描述图表的内容，分析其中的原因，提出自己的观点。文章可以从三个方面展开：第一段提出问题，描述图表中的现象；第二段分析原因，综述结果；第三段陈述自己的观点，得出结论。2. 写作思路主题 分析图表中体现的信息，即某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游。开头段 整体描述图表中所体现的现象，提出问题：为什么产生这种现象？中心段 具体分析产生这种现象的原因。 随着改革开放的深化，中国人购买力提高，开始对异国情调有所向往。结论段 具体阐述出国旅游可能产生的影响：出国旅游可以拉动国内外的旅游事业；出国旅游可以加深中国人对外国文化的了解；但是，中国游客

46、的一些不文明习惯可能会损害中国人的形象。总之，境外旅游利大于弊。【范文】Traveling AbroadThe diagram above clearly illustrates that in recent 20 years, the number of people who are in favor of traveling abroad is increasing. In 1995 only ten thousand Chinese tourists chose to travel overseas. In 2000, the figure sharply went up to fort

47、y thousand approximately and in 2005 it peaked at 120 thousand.The reasons to explain the increasing figure can be found in many social sectors. But the most important one is Chinas material prosperity. Since 1990s the policy of reform and opening up has been applied in every field in Chinese societ

48、y. It brings about tremendous changes to peoples life and more and more have stepped out of poverty and are enjoying a comfortable life. As a result a large number of them dream of a better living quality. In this case trips at home and abroad are written on the agenda. Moreover, after they live for

49、 a long time in China, the exotic flavor as seen in tradition, culture and scenic spots in other countries seems to have more appeal. As for the impacts, I hold very optimistic views. Firstly, it will offer more opportunities for the Chinese to understand foreign cultures. Secondly, through the cult

50、ural communication more foreigners will be attracted to take a trip in China and in turn it will enhance the tour industry at home. But the negative impacts can not be handled lightly. For example, the impoliteness of some Chinese and their lack of sufficient cultural background on other countries w

51、ill not only lead to some embarrassment to themselves but sometimes injure Chinas image. Yet I believe with the frequent cultural and national communications, some Chinese peoples quality will be improved and therefore, traveling abroad will dramatically increase the revenue both at home and abroad.

52、 高分必备一、 用于描述图表和数据的句型1. The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）2. According to the (given) table/chart diagram/graph3. As (is) shown/revealed in the table/chart diagram/graph4. As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, 5. Figures/statistics show （that）6. It can be seen from the fi

53、gures/statistics7. We can see from the figures/statistics8. It is clear/apparent from the figures/statistics9. The table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how.二、 图表写作套句精选 1. The table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto该表格描述了在年至年间数量的变化。 2. The bar chart illustrates

54、 that该柱状图展示了 3. The graph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们提供了有关的有趣数据。 4. The diagram shows (that)该图向我们展示了 5. The pie graph depicts (that)该圆形图揭示了 6. This is a curve graph which describes the trend of这个曲线图描述了的趋势。 7. The figures/statistics show (that)数据（字）表明 8. The tree diagram reveals how

55、该树型图向我们揭示了如何 9. The data/statistics show (that)该数据（字）可以这样理解 10. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that这些数据资料令我们得出结论 11. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table如图所示 12. According to the chart/figures根据这些表（数字） 13. As is shown in the table如表格所示14. As can

56、be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in从图中可以看出，发生了巨大变化。 15. From the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到 16. This is a graph which illustrates这个图表向我们展示了 17. This table shows the changing proportion of A & B from to该表格描述了年到年间A与B的比例关系。 18. The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in该图以圆形图形式描述了的总趋势。 19. This is a column chart showing这是个柱型图，描述了 20. As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show th