母猪微量元素的应用实践PPT课件

1、母猪微量元素缺乏问题母猪微量元素缺乏问题 母猪微量元素缺乏会导致肢蹄病的发生率和淘汰率增高第1页/共49页母猪微量元素缺乏导致的皮肤角质化母猪微量元素缺乏导致的皮肤角质化第2页/共49页Joint Samples from Experimental Farms 第3页/共49页骨软化症骨软化症Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.第4页/共49页猪骨软化症与软骨生长板异常有关猪骨软化症与软骨生长板异常有关正常生长板骨软化症生长板Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Patholo

2、gy of Domestic Animals.第5页/共49页Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用第6页/共49页Days of Gestation FeTrace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数铁和锌第7页/共49页Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的

3、沉积锰,毫克妊娠天数第8页/共49页Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus g Adapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积硒,微克妊娠天数第9页/共49页Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011铜,毫克矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数第10页/共49页TM in whole litter during gestation Adapted from Ma, 2011Day of gestation 妊娠天数妊娠

4、天数43587391101108115Cu, mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35Fe, mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9Mn, mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48Zn, mg3.4423.057.8117.6178.4241.3281.7Se, mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49微量元素在妊娠期中沉积的总量第11页/共49页Trace minerals change in maternal liver Day of gestation Elements43587391

5、101108OpenP-value*Cu, mg72.6114.390.760.461.988.466.0 0.03CFe, mg333326321305339313475 0.69Mn, mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.90 0.51Zn, mg134114143100135138172 0.48Se, mg 1.291.241.251.261.351.301.25 0.55*Note: L: linear response, Q: quadratic response, C: cubic response Mineral analyzed by ICP-MS 妊娠期

6、间微量元素在母体肝脏中的变化妊娠天数第12页/共49页Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用第13页/共49页母猪为什么容易出现微量元素缺乏？母猪为什么容易出现微量元素缺乏？ 首先说明是高产母猪首先说明是高产母猪 母猪在胎儿发育和泌乳过程中动用了自身的微量元素母猪在胎儿发育和泌乳过程中动用了自身的微量元素 妊娠母猪日粮是高纤维和高植酸磷，影响微量元素吸收妊娠母猪日粮是高纤维和高植酸磷，影响微量元素吸收 随着母猪胎龄的增加随着母猪胎龄的增加 体重增大，维持需要也增大体重增大，维持

7、需要也增大第14页/共49页矿物质矿物质 Mineral泌乳需求泌乳需求 Milk demand1摄入摄入Intake2需要的利用效率需要的利用效率Required efficiency3(g or mg/day)(g or mg/day)(%)铜铜 Copper (mg)1826.368铁铁 Iron (mg)274206锰锰 Manganese (mg)11051硒硒Selenium (mg)0.30.837锌锌 Zinc (mg)70263271 Calculated assuming an average milk production of 10 kg/day and with av

8、erage milk mineral concentrations derived from Park et al. (1994), and Mahan (2000). 2 Assuming a daily feed intake of 5.25 kg (NRC, 1998).3 Minimum dietary mineral utilization efficiency required for milk production.泌乳母猪微量泌乳母猪微量矿矿物物质质日日摄摄入入和需求和需求计计算算值值Calculated daily mineral intakes and demands fo

9、r lactating sows (Cont.)(Richards and Close, 2001)15第15页/共49页后后备备母猪和繁殖母猪血清和肝母猪和繁殖母猪血清和肝脏脏中中锌锌， ，铁铁和和铜浓铜浓度的比度的比较较A comparison of concentrations of zinc, iron & copper in serum and liver from gilts and sows(Richards and Close, 2001)16第16页/共49页(%)第三胎次母猪 VS 非妊娠母猪，同年龄 3rd Litter Sows compared to Non-

10、Gravid, Same Age繁殖母猪繁殖母猪渐进渐进式脱式脱矿矿变变化化Progressive demineralization of reproducing sows % change(Mahan and Newton, 1995. as adapted from Boyd, 2004)17第17页/共49页妊娠和泌乳母猪妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化微量矿物质需求的变化Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows18第18页/共49页妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化求的变化 Trace Mi

11、neral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 19 铜 Copper (Cu) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements铜铜 Copper (mg)5.05.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements铜铜 Copper (mg)10.020.0 铜 Copper (Cu) in NRC (2012)第19页/共49页20 锰 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锰锰

12、Manganese (mg)20.020.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锰锰Manganese (mg)25.025.0 锰 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (2012) Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 第20页/共49页21 锌 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锌锌 Zinc (mg)50.050.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锌锌

13、 Zinc (mg)100.0100.0 锌 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (2012)妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化的变化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 第21页/共49页中国母猪微量矿物质需求中国母猪微量矿物质需求Sow Mineral Requirement in ChinaChinaNRC 2012NRC 1998妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation铜铜Copper

14、, ppm5.05.010205.05.0(35)(35)铁铁Iron, ppm758080808080(750)(750)锰锰Manganese, ppm1820.525252020(150)(150)锌锌 Zinc, ppm45511001005050(150)(150)硒硒 Selenium, ppm0.140.150.150.150.150.15(0.5)(0.5)()上限( ) upper limitation22第22页/共49页An attempt to address the needs of sows in a commercial operation with higher

15、 vitamins and trace minerals商业母猪使用高水平维生素和微量元素的尝试第23页/共49页2002 data (25,571 Litters)Age related reduction of litter-size in parity 4 to 11 sows第4-第11胎母猪与年龄相关的下降趋势(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)第24页/共49页(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Age related death loss in sows与母猪年龄相关的死亡损失第25页/共49页Calculated by Boyd and Fakler

16、 from 2002 PIC USA ADFI.(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Example of declining vitamin-TM intake with advancing reproductive age高产期母猪维生素-微量元素摄入量下降 第26页/共49页Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)第27页/共49页(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡

17、效应第28页/共49页9.38.71.44 PSY weaned(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Average litter-size response to corrected micro-nutrient intake窝产仔数与校正微量营养素摄入的关系第29页/共49页Conclusions: 结论 Sow micronutrient needs should be altered to account for increasing sow weight with advancing age.母猪的微量营养素的需求应随着高产期母猪体重的增长相应改变第30页/共49页Age

18、nda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用第31页/共49页试验2：高量钙磷Trial 2: Elevated Ca & P试验1：正常钙磷Trial 1: Normal Ca & PSupplemental Zn Intake (mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV = 248%Supplemental Zn Intake (mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV = 426%螯合微量元素在有干螯合微量元素在有干扰扰的状况下有更高的生物学利用的状况下有更高的生

19、物学利用率率MT mRNAMT mRNAY = 1.82 + 0.92X1 + 2.28X2Y = 0.41 + 0.922X1 + 3.925X2m1 vs. m2: P = 0.009m1 vs m2: P = 0.004锌的摄入量，锌的摄入量，mgmgSupplemental zinc intake, mg锌的摄入量，锌的摄入量，mgmgSupplemental zinc intake, mg第32页/共49页各种锌源的生物利用率各种锌源的生物利用率第33页/共49页母猪微量元素的研究难度很大母猪微量元素的研究难度很大每每十年十年关于关于猪繁殖猪繁殖性能的性能的参考文献参考文献Swine

20、 Reproductive Citations by Decade 40s50s/60s70s80s90s铜铜 Copper-112碘碘 Iodine-铁铁 Iron-533-锰锰 Manganese-3121锌锌 Zinc-312-硒硒 Selenium-1923第34页/共49页Benefits of Mintrex Cu Better bioavailability Less reactive (less oxidation) Better antibacterial function on lumen Better performance and profits明微矿改善母猪繁殖性能M

21、intrex improve sow reproduction and welfare第35页/共49页母猪试验：材料母猪试验：材料 与方法与方法 两个姊妹猪场，各饲养6400头PIC母猪 相同的生产经理、相同饲料厂及日粮，小母猪来源于同一种猪场 共16,000头母猪，最高产胎数到7胎 两个处理，ITM（无机微量）对照 vs. 明微矿 两处理相同的矿物水平 矿物添加水平: Cu 16.5ppm, Zn 165ppm, Mn 38.6ppm (NRC: Cu 5ppm, Zn, 50ppm, Mn, 20ppm) 明微矿处理组 明微矿:无机微量为50:50 试验期：2007年4月-2010年4月

22、第36页/共49页改善改善受胎率受胎率受胎率明微矿对照组P value总受胎率86.884.50.0011胎86.483.60.0012胎84.983.90.173胎87.785.80.014胎88.985.40.001羟基蛋氨酸螯合矿物质的总产子数、活仔数及总断奶仔猪数都更多。仔猪初生重也显著提高。第37页/共49页提高母猪产仔数提高母猪产仔数*第38页/共49页改善母猪的累积繁殖性能改善母猪的累积繁殖性能( (统计前统计前4 4胎胎) )指标明微矿对照组差异差异SEMP总产仔数44.1040.763.321.230.02活仔数41.6138.892.711.220.04木乃伊0.690.6

23、70.020.020.47死胎1.801.210.600.03.001总断奶数36.3934.641.730.900.07第39页/共49页提高仔猪出生重提高仔猪出生重分组分组窝数窝数仔猪仔猪出生重出生重(kg)窝仔数窝仔数平均值平均值标准误标准误平均值平均值对照组对照组1261.250.0212.94明微矿组明微矿组1351.360.0213.02P-value(2 tail test)0.0010.450.84第40页/共49页断奶断奶小猪生长性能小猪生长性能提升提升(d0-42)(d0-42)P0.01No difference on FCR, P=0.89第41页/共49页对支原体免疫反应速度更快对支原体免疫反应速度更快aabb明微矿处理组：明微矿 Zn/Cu/Mn 替代一半ITMs抗体滴度低于2.8则被认为是阴性第42页/共49页降低母猪腿病发生率降低母猪腿病发生率淘汰率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组腿病腿病10.4316.110.001第43页/共49页降低母猪的淘汰率降低母猪的淘汰率存留率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组1-2 胎89.9688.680.061-3 胎82.2277.680.011-4 胎72.0