小学英语时态讲解及练习2

1、一般现在时基本用法介绍学校英语语法【一】一般现在时一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特点、状态；如：the sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的；2.表示常常性或习惯性的动作；如：i get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床； 3.表示客观现实；如：the earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转；二、一般现在时的构成1.be 动词 ：确定句： 主语 +beam,is,are+ 其它；如： i am a boy.我是一个男孩；2.行为动词：确定句：主语 +行为动词 +其它 ；如： we study english. 我们学习英语；当主语

2、为第三人称单数he, she,it时，要在动词后加"-s" 或"-es" ；如： mary likes chinese. 玛丽喜爱汉语；动词 +s 的变化规章1一般情形下，直接加-s，如： cook-cooks,2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： study-studies特别： have-has三、一般现在时的变化1.be 动词的变化；否定句： 主语 + be

3、 + not + 其它；如： he is not a worker. 他不是工人；一般疑问句：be +主语 +其它；如： -are you a student. -yes. i am. / no, i'm not.特别疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句；如：where is my bike.2.行为动词的变化；否定句： 主语 + don't doesn't + 动词原形 +其它 ；如： i don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't 构成否定句；如：he doesn't often play.一般疑问句：do does

4、 + 主语 +动词原形 +其它；如： - do you often play football.- yes, i do. / no, i don't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does 构成一般疑问句；如： - does she go to work by bike.- yes, she does. / no, she doesn't.特别疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句？如：how does your father go to work.一般现在时用法练习 一、出以下动词的第三人称单数 drink go stay make look have pass carry come w

5、atch plant fly study brush do teach likeplayreadwashbe二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空；1.he often have dinner at home.2.daniel and tommy be in class one. 3.we not watch tv on monday.4.nick not go to the zoo on sunday.5. they like the world cup.6.what they often do on saturdays.7. your parents read newspapers every d

6、ay.8.the girlteach us english on sundays. 9.she and i take a walk together every evening.10.there be some water in the bottle.11.mike like cooking.12.they have the same hobby.13.my aunt look after her baby carefully.14.you always do your homework well.15.i be ill. i m staying in bed. 16.she go to sc

7、hool from monday to friday. 17.liu tao do not like pe.18.the child often watch tv in the evening. 19.su hai and su yang have eight lessons this term.20. what day be it today. it s saturday.三、依据要求改写句子1.daniel watches tv every evening. 改为否定句 2.i do my homework every day. 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答3.she likes milk.

8、 改为一般疑问句，作确定回答 4.amy likes playing computer games.改为一般疑问句，作否定回答5. we go to school every morning. 改为否定句 6. he speaks english very well. 改为否定句 7.i like taking photos in the park. 对划线部分提问8. john comes from canada.对划线部分提问_9. she is always a good student.改为一般疑问句，作否定回答10. simon and daniel like going skati

9、ng.改为否定句 四、改错 划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上1.isyour brother speak english. 2.does he likes going fishing. 3.he likes play games after class. 4.mr. wu teachs us english. 5.she don t do her homerkwoon sundays. 学校英语语法【二】现在进行时现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作；2现在进行时的确定句基本结构为be+动词 ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be

10、 后加 not；4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首；5现在进行时的特别疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+ be + 主语+ 动词 ing.但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be + 动词 ing.标志词： looknowlistenit s点+钟动词加 ing 的变化规章1一般情形下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting ,write writing , ride riding ,have having comecomingdance dancinglive livingtaket

11、akingskate skating 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如： swim swimming beginbeginningrun-running, sit sittingput puttingget gettingshop shoppingstop- stopping现在进行时练习一、写出以下动词的现在分词：play run swim make go skate write ski read have sing dance put see buy love live take come get stop sit begin shop 二、用所给

12、的动词的正确形式填空：1. the boy drawa picture now.2. listen .some girls singin the classroom .3. my mother cook some nice foodnow.4. what you do now.5. look . they have an english lesson . 6.they not ,water the flowers now.7.look. the girls dance in the classroom . 8.what is our granddaughter doing. she liste

13、n to music.9. it5so clock now. we havesupper now10. helen wash clothes. yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. they are doing housework . 分别改成一般疑问句和否定句2 the students are cleaning the classroom . 改一般疑问句并作确定和否定回答3 i m playing the football in the playground .对划线部分进行提问4 tom is reading books in his study . 对划线部分进行提问学校英语

14、语法【三】一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、方案或预备做某事；句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next dayweek, month, year,soon, the day after t（om后o天rro）w等；二、基本结构：be going to + do ； will+ do.三、 否定句：在be 动词（ am, is, are）后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 wont；例如： i m going to have a picnic this afternoon.not gioingmto have a picnic this aft

15、ernoon.四、 一般疑问句：be 或 will 提到句首， some 改为 any, and 改为 or，第一二人称互换；例如： we are going to go on an outing this weekend.are yo u going to go on an outing this weekend.五、 对划线部分提问；一般情形，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情形；1.问人； who例如： i m going to new york soon.whosgoing to new york soon.2.问干什么 ；whatdo.例如：my father is going to w

16、atch a race with me thisafternoon. what is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候；when. 例如： she s gnogi六、 同义句： be going to = willto go to bed at nine .when is she goingto bed.i am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = i will go swimming tomorrow.练习：填空；1.我准备明天和伴侣去野炊；i have a picnic w

17、ith my friends.i have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你准备去干嘛. 我想去打篮球；what next monday. i play basketball. what you do next monday. i play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果； your mother go shopping this .yes, she . she buy some fruit.4.你们准备什么时候见面；what time you meet.改句子；5.nancy is going to go campin

18、g. （改否定） nancy going to go camping.6.i ll go andinjothem. （改否定） i go join them.7.i m going to get up at 6:30 tomorro（w改. 一般疑问句） to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.8.we will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. （改一般疑问句）meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9.she is going to listen to music after school. （对划线部分提问） she aft

19、er school.10. my father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.同上 going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空；11. today is a sunny day. we have a picnic this afternoon. 12.my brother go to shanghai next week.13.tom often go to school on foot. but today is rain. he go to

20、 school by bike. 14.what do you usually do at weekends. i usually watch tv and catch insects.15. it s friday today. what she do this weekend. she watch tv and catch insects.16. what d0 you do last sunday. i pick apples on a farm.what do next sunday. i milk cows.17. mary visit her grandparents tomorr

21、ow. 18.liu tao fly kites in the playground yesterday. 19.david give a puppet show next monday.20.i plan for my study now学校英语语法【四】一般过去时一、一般过去时语法介绍1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时也表示过去常常或反复发生的动作感谢；2 be 动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was；（ was not=wasn）t are 在一般过去时中变为were；（ were not=weren

22、）t带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首；3句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didn t动+词原形，如：jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形；如：did jim go home yesterday.特别疑问句：疑问词+did+ 主语 +动词原形？如：what did jim do yesterday.疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：who went to hom

23、e yesterday.二、动词过去式变化规章1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e 加 d，如： taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed，如：stop-stopped 4以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾的，变y 为 i， 再加 -ed，如： study-studied5不规章动词过去式：词义现在（原形）过去式词义现在（原形）过去式是am, is bewas遗忘forgetforgot 是are bewere得到getgot成为becomebecame给givegave 开头

24、beginbegan走gowent 弯曲bendbent成长growgrew 吹blowblew有have, hashad 买buybought听hearheard 能cancould受伤hurthurt 捕获catchcaught 保 持 keep kept选 择 choose chose 知 道 know knew来comecame学习learnlearned, learnt切cutcut答应，让letlet做do, doesdid躺lielay 画drawdrew制造makemade 饮drinkdrank可以maymight吃eatate意味meanmeant 感觉feelfelt会见

25、meetmet 发觉findfound必需mustmust 飞flyflew放置putput读readread将shallshould 骑、乘riderode唱歌singsang 响、鸣ringrang坐下sitsat跑runran睡觉sleepslept说saysaid说speakspoke观察扫seesweepsawswept度过spendspent三、过去时练习：写出以下动词的过去式isam fly plant are drink play go make does dance worry ask taste eat draw put throw kick pass do 四、 be 动

26、词的过去时练习be 动词练习一（一） 用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. i at school just now. 2. he at the camp last week.3. we students two years ago. 4. they on the farm a moment ago.5. yang ling eleven years old last year. 6. there an apple on the plate yesterday.7. there some milk in the fridge on sunday. 8.the mobile phone on the

27、 sofa yesterday evening.（二）句型转换1. it was exciting.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 2. all the students were very excited.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： be 动词的过去时练习二（一）用be 动词的适当形式填空1. i an english teacher now.2. she happy yesterday.3. they glad to see each other last month.4. helen and nancy good friends.5. the little dog t

28、wo years old this year.6. look, there lots of grapes here.7. there a sign on the chair on monday.8. today the second of june. yesterday the first of june.it children s day. all the students very excited.（二）句型转换1. there was a car in front of the house just now.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 肯、否定回答： 中译英1我的故事书刚才仍

29、在手表旁边； 2他们的外套上个星期放在卧房里了； 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟； 五、行为动词的过去时练习一（一）用行为动词的适当形式填空1. he live in wuxi two years ago.2. the cat eat a bird last night.3. we have a party last halloween.4. nancy pick up oranges on the farm last week.5. i make a model ship with mike yesterday.6. they play chess in the classroom last p

30、e lesson.7. my mother cook a nice food last spring festival.8. the girls sing and dance at the party.（二）句型转换1. su hai took some photos at the sports day. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 2. nancy went to school early.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 3. we sang some english songs.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 行为动词的过去时练习二（一）用be 动词的适当形式填

31、空1. i watch a cartoon on saturday.2. her father read a newspaper last night.3. we to zoo yesterday, we to the park. go4. you visit your relatives last spring festival.5. he fly a kite on sunday. yes, he .6. gao shan pull up carrots last national day holiday.7. i sweep the floor yesterday, but my mot

32、her .8. what she find in the garden last morning. she find a beautiful butterfly.（二）句型转换1. they played football in the playground.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 汉译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国； 2. 昨天我们参观了农场； 3. 他刚才在找他的手机； （一）用动词的适当形式填空1. it be ben s birthday last friday.2. we all have a goeoldastitmnight.3. he jump high on l

33、ast sports day.4. helen milk a cow on friday.5. she likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. read6. he football now, but they basketball just now. play7. jimmosther plant trees just now.8. they sweep the floor on sunday. no, they .9. i watch a cartoon on monday.10. we go to school on sunday.一、用动词

34、的适当形式填空1. it be the 2nd of november yesterday.mr white go to his office by car.2. gao shan put the book on his head a moment ago.3. don t the house. mum it yesterday. clean4. what you just now. i some housework. do5. they make a kite a week ago.6. i want to apples. but my dad all of them last month.

35、 pick7. he the flowers this morning. yes, he . water8. she be a pretty girl. look, she do chinese dances.9. the students often draw some pictures in the art room. 10.what mike do on the farm. he cows. milk学校英语语法（五）（ have 、has 和 there be 结构）一 、 have 、 has 和 there be 结 构1、there be 结构包括there isthere ar

36、ethere wasthere were 2 、 意 思 都 是 " 有 " ；3、和 have、has、had 的区分：（ 1） there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）（ 2）在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is ; 主语是复数， be 动词用 are ; 如有几件物品， be 动词依据最近be 动词的那个名词打算；即遵循就近原就；（ 3） there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首；（ 4）there be 句型与 havehas 的区分： there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；hav

37、ehas 表示某人拥有某物；（ 5） some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于确定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句；（ 6） and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于确定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句；（ 7）针对数量提问的特别疑问句的基本结构是：how many +名词复数+ are there + 介词短语？how much +不行数名词+ is there +介词短语？（ 8）针对主语提问的特别疑问句的基本结构是：what's +介词短语？（ 9） there be 结构一般用在句子的开头，而have 等词只能用于某一个主语后

38、面；fill in the blank with“ have,has” or“ there is , there are”1. i a good father and a good mother.2. a telescope on the desk.3. he a tape-recorder.4. a basketball in the playground.5. she some dresses.6. they a nice garden.7. what do you .8. a reading-room in the building.9. what does mike .10. any

39、books in the bookcase.11. my father a story-book.12. a story-book on the table.13. any flowers in the vase.14. how many students in the classroom.15. my parents some nice pictures.16. some maps on the wall.17. a map of the world on the wall.18. david a telescope.19. david s friends some tents.20. ma

40、ny children on the hill.用恰当的be 动词填空；1、therea lot of sweets in the box.2 、theresome milk in the glass.3、theresome people under the the big tree.4、therea picture and a map on the wall.5、therea box of rubbers near the books.6 、therelots of flowers in our garden last year.7、therea tin of chicken behind

41、the fridge yesterday.8 、therefour cups of coffee on the table. fillintheblankwith“ have, has”1.i a nice puppet.2.he a good friend.3.they some masks.4.we some flowers.5.she a duck.6.my father a new bike.7.her mother a vase.8.our teacher an english book.9.our teachers a basketball.10.their parents som

42、e blankets11.nancy many skirts.12.david some jackets.13.my friends a football.14.what do you .15.what does mike .16.what do your friends .17.what does helen .18.his brother a basketball.19.her sister a nice doll.20.miss li an english book.学校英语语法复习要点1 名词可数名词 ：表示可以详细个别存在的人或物；可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a/an

43、连用；可数名词复数规章：1一般情形下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以 “f或 fe ”结尾，变f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives5以结尾 o 的通常有生命的加-es,无生命的加 -s如

44、：两人三物：黑人 negro 、英雄 hero ，马铃薯potato 、西红柿tomato 、芒果 mango； 6不规章名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese不行数名词 ：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质（ grass

45、草， ice 冰），抽象的名词 （ help 帮忙， music 音乐）；不行数名词没有复数 （如 some water）,不能与不定冠词 a/an 连用；不行数名词 :paperjuicewatermilkriceteabreadhairorangetimechicken1、不行数名词没有复数形式；2.、数量 +容器 + of + 不行数名词如： a cup oftea一杯茶数量 +单位 +of+ 不行数名词如： a piece ofbread 一片面包练习：一瓶水两瓶水一袋大米三袋大米一盒牛奶四盒牛奶一张纸十张纸一公斤鸡肉十五公斤鸡肉写出以下各词的复数photo thief water d

46、iary yo-yo rice day peach tea dress juice man woman foot knife map banana sheep pen city bus leaf 树叶 boy box child dish baby book class eye office car fox 狐狸 watch library pear skirt tooth shelf wife cinema englishman tomato paper milk mouse frenchman postman people 人们 fish family brush mango japane

47、se sandwich policeman strawberry watermelon match chinese glass 学校英语语法复习要点2 名词全部格1、名词全部格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语；其构成法如下：1表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加；s如： childern s d儿ay童姐的书 节 , my sister s我bo姐ok2 以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词；只在词尾加；如： teachers d教ay师 节 3 有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加 s 如. ：today s newspap今er天 的报纸

48、 , ten minutes十br分ea钟k的课间休息,china s populatio中n国的人口 .4 无论表示有生命仍是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of 短语来表示全部关系；如：a fine daughter of the party 党的好女儿 .2、 注解 ： s仍可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如： my aunt s我 阿姨家 , the doctor诊所s 两人共有某物时,可以采纳a and b s的形式 ,如： lucy and lilys bedroo露m西和丽丽合住的卧房 “of+名词全部格 /名词性物主代词”称,为双重全部格,如： a friend of my f

49、ather friend of mine 我的一位伴侣 我父s亲的一位伴侣, a短语翻译：1. 我的的爷爷2.杰姆的房间 2. 我奶奶的钱包 4.那些同学的书 5.这些工人的外套6.那些小孩的父母 7.那些男人的帽子 9.海伦的同学 8.那间教室的窗户 10.这些男孩的床 11.汤姆的姑父 12.我兄弟的钢笔 13.那些老师的书桌14.这些医生的杯子 15.那些女孩的座位 17.那些警察的裤子 16.那些女人的自行车 18.那个书包的颜色 学校英语语法复习要点2 代词一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词；二代词的种类：人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区分：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后） ，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后；2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区分：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性就单独使用，后面不带名词；人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我ime我的mymine你，你们youyou你的，你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她