英汉对比主语与主题1ppt课件

1、Review: subject vs. topic 1 Difference in making sentences English: Hypataxis subject + predicate Chinese: Parataxis topic + statement Discourse analysis theme + rheme The purpose of changing subject (topic) To meet the need of Chinese expression To make the meaning clear To make the text cohesive a

2、nd coherentReview: subject vs. topic 2lFor the first time, perhaps, since that land emerged from the waters of geologic ages, a human face was set toward it with love and yearning. l自沧海变桑田，这还是第一次人们的脸怀着爱心自沧海变桑田，这还是第一次人们的脸怀着爱心和盼望朝向它。和盼望朝向它。l自沧海变桑田，这还是第一次有人怀着爱心和盼自沧海变桑田，这还是第一次有人怀着爱心和盼望把脸朝向它。望把脸朝向它。l自沧海变

3、桑田，这还是第一次人们怀着爱心和盼自沧海变桑田，这还是第一次人们怀着爱心和盼望看着它。望看着它。Practice 1 1. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U.S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. 2. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be

4、planted in the U.S. this year. 3. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.Practice 2 1、A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U.S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according

5、 to the Department of Agriculture. 农业部统计资料显示，去年美国种植的农业部统计资料显示，去年美国种植的1/3玉米及一半以上的玉米及一半以上的大豆和棉花都是转基因生物技术产品。大豆和棉花都是转基因生物技术产品。 2、More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. 今年，美国将种植今年，美国将种植6500多万公顷的转基因作物。多万公顷的转基因作物。 3、 So far, fears that genetically mo

6、dified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded 有人担忧转基因抗虫害作物在杀死害虫的同时也能够杀死益有人担忧转基因抗虫害作物在杀死害虫的同时也能够杀死益虫，到目前为止，这种担忧似乎没什么确实的根据。虫，到目前为止，这种担忧似乎没什么确实的根据。 Chapter three: Unit four (II): You are What You Think *grammatical meaningGrammatical meaning 1(n) Compare the follo

7、wing sentences. Pay attention to the red part. Alexandra talked to the men about their crops and to the women about their poultry. 亚历山德拉与当地的男人亚历山德拉与当地的男人(们们)议论种庄稼，与议论种庄稼，与女人女人(们们)议论养家禽。议论养家禽。 That evening she held a family council and told her brothers all that she had seen and heard. 当晚她召开了一个家庭会议，向

8、她的两个当晚她召开了一个家庭会议，向她的两个弟弟原本来本地讲述了她的所见所闻。弟弟原本来本地讲述了她的所见所闻。Grammatical meaning 2 Do you find any difference in the expression of plural forms in English and Chinese? How? English: noun+s Chinese: noun+们，诸位们，诸位/各各+noun, repetition, numeral, noun In part, thats because optimists and pessimists deal with

9、the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways. 其中部分缘由是，对同样的挑战和波折，悲观者其中部分缘由是，对同样的挑战和波折，悲观者和乐观者处置的方式截然不同。和乐观者处置的方式截然不同。 To my sons 对我的几个儿子来说对我的几个儿子来说Grammatical meaning 3 Rows of houses have been built in the countryside. 乡村也盖起了一排排的房子。乡村也盖起了一排排的房子。 Newsmen went flying off to Mexico. 记

10、者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。 The lion is the king of the animals. 狮子是百兽之王。狮子是百兽之王。 The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men. 连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。Grammatical meaning 4lThen the next thing to do is to take out two loans on our half-sections, and buy P

11、eter Crows place; raise every dollar we can, and buy every acre we can.l然后用我们一半的家产然后用我们一半的家产/部分地产作抵押获得贷款，去部分地产作抵押获得贷款，去买彼得买彼得克罗家的地并且尽能够去筹集每个美圆去买每克罗家的地并且尽能够去筹集每个美圆去买每英亩土地。英亩土地。l然后要做的就是用我们那两份然后要做的就是用我们那两份320英亩的宅地作抵押借英亩的宅地作抵押借两笔钱，把彼得两笔钱，把彼得克罗家的那份地也一并买下，我们要克罗家的那份地也一并买下，我们要筹集能筹到的每个美圆，买下能买到手的每英亩土地。筹集能筹到的每

12、个美圆，买下能买到手的每英亩土地。lIts not the principal Im worried about; its the interest and taxes. Well have to strain to meet the payments. l我如今担忧的不是这笔本金，而是利息和税款，我们我如今担忧的不是这笔本金，而是利息和税款，我们不得不用力付息纳税不得不用力付息纳税/归还那些款项。归还那些款项。Grammatical meaning 5 (V)lShe heard those who had celebrated the drug culture tell her just

13、say no at about the time that high-school dealers started wearing beepers to class. l大约就是在高中的毒品贩子带着传呼机上学的时候，她听大约就是在高中的毒品贩子带着传呼机上学的时候，她听到宣扬过毒品文化的人告诫她要到宣扬过毒品文化的人告诫她要“回绝毒品。回绝毒品。l大约就是在高中的毒品贩子带着传呼机上学的时候，她听大约就是在高中的毒品贩子带着传呼机上学的时候，她听到曾宣扬过毒品文化的人告诫她要到曾宣扬过毒品文化的人告诫她要“回绝毒品。回绝毒品。 lShe knows that the generation th

14、at flaunted sexual freedom is queasy now, what with abor-tion so common among teenagers and the illegitimacy rate triple that of 20 years ago.l她知道鼓吹性自在的一代人感到不安了，由于十几岁的青她知道鼓吹性自在的一代人感到不安了，由于十几岁的青少年堕胎成风，未婚生育率也比二十年前添加了两倍。少年堕胎成风，未婚生育率也比二十年前添加了两倍。 l她知道曾鼓吹过性自在的一代人如今感到不安了，由于十她知道曾鼓吹过性自在的一代人如今感到不安了，由于十几岁的青少年堕

15、胎成风，未婚生育率也比二十年前添加了几岁的青少年堕胎成风，未婚生育率也比二十年前添加了两倍。两倍。 Grammatical meaning 6 Do you find any difference in expressing tense in English and Chinese? Eng: changing verb, auxiliary verb +verb Chinese: adverb + verb Tense in English is expressed in the change of verb form, and deep meaning was held in it. (c

16、omparison) The rich men down there own all the best land, and they are buying all they can get. 那里的好地都属于有钱人，而且他们那那里的好地都属于有钱人，而且他们那些人还在尽量地买地。些人还在尽量地买地。Grammatical meaning 7lThe river land was settled before this, and so they are a few years ahead of us, and have learned more about farming. The land s

17、ells for three times as much as this, but in five years we will double it. l河边地域比我们这儿开辟得更早，所以他们比我河边地域比我们这儿开辟得更早，所以他们比我们先进几年，比我们更懂得如何种地。如今那儿们先进几年，比我们更懂得如何种地。如今那儿的地价是这里的的地价是这里的3倍，但不出倍，但不出5年，这里的地价将年，这里的地价将会翻番。会翻番。lThe old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. l

18、老头说：老头说：“听人说，他爸爸以前是打鱼的。说不听人说，他爸爸以前是打鱼的。说不定他以前跟我们如今一样穷。定他以前跟我们如今一样穷。Grammatical meaning 8lBut as sure as we are sitting here tonight, we can sit down here ten years from now independent landowners, not struggling farmers any longer. The chance that father was always looking for has come.l但只需我们今晚能坐在这里

19、，我们一定就能在未来的但只需我们今晚能坐在这里，我们一定就能在未来的10还坐在这里，过上不再苦苦挣扎的生活。父亲不断还坐在这里，过上不再苦苦挣扎的生活。父亲不断盼望的时机曾经来了。盼望的时机曾经来了。l10年后我们将和今晚一样一定地坐在这里，到时候我年后我们将和今晚一样一定地坐在这里，到时候我们将不再苦苦挣扎，而已是温饱自足的地主了。父亲们将不再苦苦挣扎，而已是温饱自足的地主了。父亲不断盼望的时机曾经来了。不断盼望的时机曾经来了。l但但10年后我们再坐在这里时，我们将不再是苦苦挣扎年后我们再坐在这里时，我们将不再是苦苦挣扎的庄稼人，而已是温饱自足的农场主了；这点毫无疑的庄稼人，而已是温饱自足的

20、农场主了；这点毫无疑问，就象今晚我们坐在这里一样不容置疑。父亲曾不问，就象今晚我们坐在这里一样不容置疑。父亲曾不断盼望的时机曾经来到断盼望的时机曾经来到.Grammatical meaning 9lWhy are we better fixed than any of our neighbors? Because father had more brains. Our people were better people than these in the old country. We ought to do more than they do,l如今我们家的日子为什么比邻居们要好过？如今我们

21、家的日子为什么比邻居们要好过？就是由于就是由于(过去过去)父亲比他们有头脑；我们家的父亲比他们有头脑；我们家的人过去在老家时就比这里的人过去在老家时就比这里的(这些这些)人棒。我们人棒。我们应该比他们干的更多，应该比他们干的更多，Grammatical meaning 10 In 1945, Japans industrial capacity was totally destroyed and years later “Made in Japan was a catch phrase for shoddy, second-rate merchandise. Things have chang

22、ed. 1945年日本完全丧失了工业消费才干。几年后年日本完全丧失了工业消费才干。几年后虽然虽然“日本制造频频见诸于各种商品，但也只日本制造频频见诸于各种商品，但也只是伪劣品和残次品的代名词。而如今情况却大不是伪劣品和残次品的代名词。而如今情况却大不一样了。一样了。 Some examples in the text: P106 Explanation: P112-116 Try to translate the following passageGrammatical meaning 11lneeded the project. The last time I passed by, the

23、Jewish proprietor was still standing among his shelves, looking sadder and heavier but scarcely any older. Farther down the block stands the shoe-repair store in which our shoes were repaired until reparation became impossible and in which, then we bought all our new ones. The Negro proprietor is st

24、ill in the window, head down, working at the leather. Grammatical meaning 12l记得我上次经过这家店铺时，犹太老板记得我上次经过这家店铺时，犹太老板就站在货架旁，就站在货架旁，虽然看上去比如今虽然看上去比如今更加繁重、更加难过，可没有如今这样更加繁重、更加难过，可没有如今这样衰老。远处的那家修鞋铺也还在。透过衰老。远处的那家修鞋铺也还在。透过玻璃窗，我仍能看到黑人鞋匠低着头，玻璃窗，我仍能看到黑人鞋匠低着头，打理着皮子。以前我们总是把鞋子拿到打理着皮子。以前我们总是把鞋子拿到那里去修，假设再也没法修补了，我们那里去修，假

25、设再也没法修补了，我们就会在那里买一双就会在那里买一双“新鞋。新鞋。l，虽然看上去比如今更加繁重、更加难，虽然看上去比如今更加繁重、更加难过，可没有如今这样衰老。过，可没有如今这样衰老。Discussion and HomeworklDiscussion on passage 7lParagraph 7: context, “section, “for six yearslParagraph 8 & 9: connection, “knowlParagraph 10: description: “head lowered, his hands hanging between his k

26、neeslParagraph 11: moodlParagraph 13: “the right thing is usually just what everybody dont do.lParagraph 14: “secretary, “when he did not come back,Discussion 1l“We borrow the money for six years. Well, with the money we buy a half-section from Linstrum and a half from Crow, and a quarter from Strub

27、le, maybe. That will give us upwards of fourteen hundred acres, wont it? l“我们借我们借6年的钱。那么，用这笔钱我们从林斯特伦姆家年的钱。那么，用这笔钱我们从林斯特伦姆家买半块地，克罗家买半块地，从斯特鲁布尔那买四分之买半块地，克罗家买半块地，从斯特鲁布尔那买四分之一快地，也许。这会给我们总共一快地，也许。这会给我们总共1400多英亩地。是不是？多英亩地。是不是？ l“我们贷款以我们贷款以6年为期。那么，用这笔钱我们可以买下林年为期。那么，用这笔钱我们可以买下林斯特伦姆家斯特伦姆家320英亩和克罗家英亩和克罗家320英亩

28、两块宅地，说不定英亩两块宅地，说不定还能把斯特鲁布尔那还能把斯特鲁布尔那160英亩也买过来。这样我们就将有英亩也买过来。这样我们就将有1400多英亩地。不是吗？多英亩地。不是吗？ l“我们贷款我们贷款6年。那么，用这笔钱我们可以从林斯特伦姆年。那么，用这笔钱我们可以从林斯特伦姆家和克罗家各买家和克罗家各买320英亩地，说不定还能从斯特鲁布尔那英亩地，说不定还能从斯特鲁布尔那买买160英亩地。这样我们就会有英亩地。这样我们就会有1400多英亩地。不是吗？多英亩地。不是吗？ Discussion 2lYou wont have to pay off your mortgages for six y

29、ears. By that time, any of this land will be worth thirty dollars an acreit will be worth fifty, but well say thirty; then you can sell a garden patch anywhere, and pay off a debt of sixteen hundred dollars. l他们用不着非用六年的时间归还抵押。到时候这儿的每块他们用不着非用六年的时间归还抵押。到时候这儿的每块地都值地都值30美圆一英亩！美圆一英亩！其实是其实是50美圆。我们就说是美圆。我们就说是30美圆。然后他可以卖掉一块花园来归还美圆。然后他可以卖掉一块花园来归还1600元的债款元的债款.l在在6年之内他用不着归还贷款。等年