安徽省都江堰市2016高考英语二轮复习短文改错讲解及练习(2)解读

1、-1-四川都江堰市 2016 高考英语短文改错二轮讲解及练习（2）知识点二：句法型错误句法型错误包括：主谓一致；各种从句的引导词；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、_对等性及逻辑性。1.主谓一致：对主谓一致的考查主要根据语法、意义、就近、就远等一致原则，判断人称和 数是否与主语保持一致。常考点如下：（1）由or，nor，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等连接并歹U主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则；当主语是A with/together with/as well as/including/.B时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定，遵循就远原则；（3）动

2、名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；“half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致；（5）a qua ntity of/qua ntities of后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词，其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。（1）（2014四川）Today,I am going to talk with （about） what you should do when a firealarm go off. _解析该句的主语为a fire alarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

3、答案goigoes2.连接词：连接词主要包括名词性从句中的连接词，定语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等的考查。（2）People would like to take part in this con test should go to the office of theStude nts Union and sig n up. _解析 定语从句缺少引导词。此句中的引导词who或that在从句中作主语，不能省略。答案People后加who或that3.句子成分赘余：句子

4、成分赘余一般有如下几种类型：（1）受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；（2）不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；（3）介词多余；（4）助动词、系动词多余；（5）多冠词；（6）定语从句中成分重复；（7）程度副词和频率副词，如much, more,often等的多余；（8）小品词to多余等。（3）（2014四川）If you no tice that whe n some one is miss ing and （or） hurt,tell yourteacher immediately. _解析 该句的意思是“若发现有人失踪或受伤了，就要立刻告诉老师”。句中的if引导条件状语从句，when多余。

5、答案 去掉when4.缺词错误：缺词现象常见的有：（1）缺系动词；（2）缺介词；（3）缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；（4）在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；（5）缺连接词；（6）缺否定词；（7）缺不定式符号to等。（4）（2014陕西）He wan ted teach me about ani mals,in sects and trees. _解析want作“想要做某事”讲时后接带to的不定式。答案wanted后加to-2-知识点三：语篇型错误语篇型错误测试包括：上下文中时态是否一致；上下文中代词是否一致；上下文中逻辑是否 一致；上下文中词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。（1）（2014浙江）1 w

6、as taki ng a train to Lon do ns Victoria Statio n.l had noticed thatthe carriage was noise (noisy) and filled with people.解析 考查时态。此处只是对过去事实的描述，故用一般过去时。答案 去掉had(2)(2014浙江)The n everyone in the carriage bega n search ing (Afor) the ticket,which was even tually found un der a seat several rows from his

7、 owner._解析 此处的owner指的是车票的所有者，所以应该用its。此外，还可将his改为the表示特指。答案his Tts(2014新课标全国I)As (Aa) result,the plants are growing somewhere.解析根据语境可知，到处都是圣女果，因此把somewhere改为everywhere。答案somewhere everywhere易错点：1.平行结构中的错误(1)We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.解析 根据句意，此处为转折关系。答案andbut(2014新课标全国n)We c

8、an lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening (Ato) music.解析 此处有并列连词or，其后的动词与lie是平行结构，故该动词的形式应与lie保持致。答案satTsit(3)(2014大纲全国)The understanding between twofriends mean (means) both of them have similar ideas and trust ing each other.解析此处的trust和前面的have并列，应用动词原形。答案trustingTtrust2.从句与并列句的错误

9、(1) I told Mother,Father,Sister,all my friends here what a great time I had.解析all前加and,表示并列关系。 答案all前加and(2) This would save the life of many animals,some of them have almost died out.答案themTwhich注意：句子与句子之间的逗号只起间隔作用，不能连接句子，所以要注意从句与并列句的辨 别。遇到此类题目，观察逗号后面有无连词，没有的话，添加适当的连词，或者把其中一句变为从句。3.动词时态与语态的错误(2014新

10、课标全国n)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listeningto music.解析 此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系。根据上下文及此处lie所用的动词时态形式可知，应把过去式的sat改为一般现在时sit。答案satTsitIf the book you will want is out,you may ask for it to be called back for you.答案去掉will短文改错做题技巧要想在高考英语中做好短文改错，按照“四步走”，实施“四查法”可有效减少不必要的失 误。具体做法如下：-3-1.

11、通读全文，了解大意注意语篇结构和行文逻辑，不能在未了解大意的情况下就按部就班地一行一行地改。2.先易后难，缩小范围通读短文的过程中，可以把其中明显的错误找出来，这样就缩小了范围，为下一步的分析判 断提供更充分的依据，也能把注意力集中在较难判断的句子上。3.把握句意，逐句判断逐句扫描，各个击破。为了使每行长度相差不大，往往一个句子分成两行或三行，而一个句 子是否有错只有看完整个句子，甚至还要瞻前顾后才能判断出错误之处。所以在通读全文时， 要以句子为最小单位，千万别以行为单位。请记住下面的口诀：动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。4.反复通读

12、，复查验证在大部分错误都改正之后，如果还有拿不准的，应当再次通读短文，利用语感做最后判断；也可以根据此类题的特点，运用错误类型的比例来定夺。错词一般有78个，多词和缺词约有23处。二、“四查法”1.左顾右盼查名词要注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误。看该名词前是否缺限定词，该用何种限定词。尤 其要查冠词的使用情况。碰到代词要弄清它代替什么。当名词前有形容词时更要加倍注意。如:Catherine,to whomyou can turn for help, hasgood knowledge of Greek.（knowledge为不可数名词，在has之后加上不定冠词a）2.“语”“时”俱进查动词

13、认真分析动词所用的时态、语态。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，“语”“时”俱进地反复推敲。如：Martin gained so much con fide nee that he goes back to school.（goes改为went）3.启承转合查连词为使短文结构严谨，短文中往往会出现好多连词。这些连词的使用，在结构和意义上都要通顺流畅，恰如其分。如：It started to rise higher again.So it was still too close to the water. （So改为But）4.文通理顺查逻辑文通即行文合乎英语词法、句法；理顺指行文逻辑符合人们的

14、认知规律，即符合常理。如：The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.（第 二个up改为down）短文改错（2013昭通市统检）rm sorry to tell you that I wont be ableto visit Beijing with you in next weekend,just because my elder sister would come to visit us while my pare nts are very busy.They take

15、it for gra nted what I should pick him up . You see, we have nt see n eachother for ages. And she is eager to see ing what has great cha nged in our city.I want to express my apologize again for making you waiting for me. What is more,I hope that I can getanother chances to go to Beijing with you wh

16、en it is convenient-4-to you. Are you free two weeks late? If you are available that time, please informme.Thank a lot!答案：rm sorry to tell you that I wont be able to visit Beijing with you ih next weekend,just because my elder sister would _ come to visit us while my parents are very busy.willThey t

17、ake it for gra nted what _ I should pick him _ up . You see, we have nt see n eachthatherother for ages. And she is eager to see ing _ what has greatcha nged in our city.seegreatlyI want to express my apologizeaga in for mak ing you wait ing for me. What is more,apologyI hope that I can get another

18、chancesto go to Beijingwith you when it is convenientchanceto you. Are you free two weeks late _?If you are available that time, please informlaterme.Thank a lot!Thanks（2013绍兴市二模）rm glad to tell you that I have made great progress in my English study since I became the senior highschool stude nt.Whe

19、n I started senior En glish, I found much more difficult tha n that we lear ned injunior school and I almost lost my heart. Later, I realized the important of English,so I got up early every morning, recite En glish word, liste ned to En glish tapes anddid a lot of exercise. I also asked my teachers

20、 and classmates for better ways to learning En glish.Now, Im improving my English greatly. But rm getting more andmore interested withlearning it.Thank you so much for your great help in your class.答案：rm glad to tell you that I have made great progress in my English study since I became the senior h

21、ighschool student.a-5-Whe n I started senior En glish, I foundAmuch more difficult tha n that _ we lear nedwhatit-6-in junior school and I almost lost my、heart. Later, I realized the important _ofimporta nceEn glish, so I got up early every morning, reciteEn glish word, liste ned to En glishrecitedt

22、apes and did a lot of exercise_. I also asked my teachers and classmates for betterexercisesways乞lear ning En glish.ofNow, Im improving my English greatly. But_rm getting more and more interested with_Andinlearning it.Thank you so much for your great help in your class.短文改错-7-A pers on s age no Ion

23、ger tells you someth ing about短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误对标题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边的横线上划（V）;如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。Dear Bob,ve got some in formati ons about foreig ners 7

24、7I am pleasa nt to lear n that youre coming to Beiji ng76learning Chin ese. Here Id like to recomme nd you famous7876._his social positi on, marriage or healthy. Theres no Ion ger77._a particular year which one goes to school or goes to78._work or gets married or start a family. The social clock79._that kept us on time and told us when go to school, get80._a job, or stop work ing isnt as strong as it was used to be.81._It doesn t surpr ise us to hear a 28-year-old university82._preside nt or a 35-year-old gran dmother, or 70-year-old83._man who has become a fathe