建筑英语第十讲

1、建筑英语主讲：杜鹃ARCHITECTURE ENGLISHArchitecture School of SIASUNIT SEVENUNIT SEVENTALL BUILDINGSAskyscraperisatall,continuouslyhabitablebuildingofmanyfloors,usuallydesignedforoffice,commercialandresidentialuse.Thereisnoofficialdefinitionorheightabovewhichabuildingmaybeclassifiedasaskyscraperandatwhichheig

2、htitmaynotbeconsideredahigh-riseanymore.Forbuildingsaboveaheightof300m(984ft),thetermSupertallcanbeused,skyscrapersreachingbeyond600m(1,969ft)areclassifiedasMegatall.SkyscrapersSkyscrapers摩天大楼课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph1It has been stated that skyscraper and the 20th century are synonymous and there can be n

3、o doubt that the tall building is the landmark of our generation. It is a structural marvel that reaches to the heavens and embodies human goals to build ever higher. The skyscraper is the centurys most stunning architectural accomplishment. 据说，摩天大楼和20世纪是同义的，毋庸置疑，摩天大楼是我们这时代的里程碑。它是一种结构性奇迹，向着天空发展，体现了人

4、类越来越高的建筑目标。摩天大楼是本世纪最令人惊叹的建筑成就。Synonymous ： adj. 同义的 marvel： n.奇异的事物；令人吃惊的人 The Evolution of Skyscraper课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph2But the question of how to design the tall building still continues to taunt, disconcert, and confound practitioners. The swing in taste and style is as predictable as night and d

5、ay, and we are this very moment busy rewriting the rules of skyscraper design. In the process we are not sure that the right lessons we have learned are not being discarded for the wrong ones.但是，如何设计高层建筑的问题仍继续嘲弄、搅乱和迷惑着实践者。在品味和风格间的摇摆如昼夜交替般可轻易预测出，我们此时忙于重写摩天大楼的设计规则。在这个过程中，我们不敢肯定没有因为那些错误的教训而丢弃那些已学到的正确教训

6、。Taunt： n.辱骂；嘲弄 disconcert： v.使困惑 confound： v. 使混淆课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph3A successful skyscraper solution and the art of architecture itself depend on how well the structural, utilitarian, environmental, and public roles of the tall building are resolved. Style, any style, must be intrinsic to, and expr

7、essive of, these considerations. Architecture is, above all, an expressive art.一个成功的摩天大楼解决方案和建筑艺术本身都依赖于高层建筑结构的、功利的、环境的和公共的角色是如何得到解决。风格，任何风格，一定是这些方面考虑的内在和表达。建筑，首先，是一种富于表现力的艺术。Utilitarian: adj. 功利的 intrinsic： adj. 本身的; 本质的; 内在的课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph4The skyscraper has totally changed the scale, appearance

8、, and concept of our cities and the perceptions of people in them. No doubt it will continue to do so. But it is more important today than ever that the builder and the architect consider all the factors associated with the design of a tall building and how it is incorporated into its urban setting.

9、摩天大楼已经完全改变了我们城市的规模、外观和人民的认知。毫无疑问，它会继续这样做。但今天它比以往任何时候都更加重要，建设者和建筑师们考虑所有与高层建筑的设计相关联的因素以及它如何被纳入其城市设置.Perceptions ： n. 知觉, 领悟力, 感觉课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph5Looking at the whole historical spectrum of skyscraper design, four significant phases can be identified: the functional, the eclectic, the modern, and wha

10、t is currently called the postmodern, a term coined more by the media, for surely our references to modernism have not changed but have merely broadened. 看着摩天楼设计的整个历史范围，可确定四个显著阶段：功能性、折衷主义、现代和目前所谓的后现代，一个媒体杜撰的术语，因为可以肯定的是我们的现代主义文献并没有因此而改变但仅仅是扩充了。spectrum ： n. 谱; 光谱,范围 eclectic： adj. 兼收并蓄的, 折衷的 课文翻译课文翻译

11、 Paragraph6It is significant that all of the most important structural solutions came early in the development of tall buildings and in a very short space of time. Because these structures were concentrated in Chicago in the two decades at the end of the last century, it was quickly acknowledged and

12、 referred to as the Chicago style.所有最重要的结构解决方案在高层建筑发展的早期，并在一段很短暂时间内，就已出现。由于这些结构在上世纪末的二十年里集中出现在芝加哥，它很快就被认可并称之为芝加哥芝加哥风格风格。Chicago School课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph7The period from 1890 to 1920 was considered the golden age of architecture, and there have been few more masterful and original tall buildings prod

13、uced than those by the architect Louis Sullivan. Running as counter current to the already emerging eclecticism, Sullivan believed that the design of the skyscraper was the translation of structure and plan into appropriate cladding and ornament and that the answers were not to be found in the rules

14、 of the past.1890至1920年间被认为是建筑的黄金时期，也有过少量比建筑师路易斯沙利文所设计的高层建筑更为高超和新颖的。作为运行在已出现的折中主义折中主义中的逆流，沙利文认为，摩天大楼的设计是将结构和布局翻译为适当的覆面和装饰，而这些答案不能在过去的规则中找到。cladding ：覆面（施加於材料表面或建筑物外壁的保护层）Louis Sullivans Carson Pirie Scott Building课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph8The eclectic phase produced some most remarkable monuments, employin

15、g many of the styles and ornamentation from the temples of Greece to the Italian Renaissance. The best examples displayed skilled academic exercises, composed with ingenuity and drama to answer the new needs and aspirations of the twentieth century. These designs so beautifully complied by architect

16、s like Raymond Hood and Cass Gilbert culminated in the famous international competition for the Chicago Tribune Tower in 1922.折衷主义阶段产生了一些最耀眼的建筑丰碑，采用了众多风格和装饰，从希腊庙宇到意大利文艺复兴。最好的那些例子展示了专业的学术实践，由才智和戏剧性的组合满足了21世纪的新需求和愿望。这些设计由像雷蒙德胡德和卡斯吉尔伯特这样的建筑师如此美妙的设计，而这二人最终赢得了1922年著名的芝加哥论坛报大楼的国际竞赛。complied ： v. 顺从; 遵守; 答

17、应 culminate： v. 到绝顶, 达到高潮, Chicago Tribune Tower课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph9This competition, which called for “the Most Beautiful Distinctive Office Building in the World”, drew more than 200 entries. The selection of the Gothic revival design by Howells and Hood prolonged the eclectic style against the con

18、cepts of the modern. For ten years modernism as pioneered by a relatively few European architects, paralleled a style that would better be termed modernistic. This style was neither pure nor revolutionary, but fused the end of the decorative eclectic style with the modernist theories and has become

19、popular known today as Art Deco.本次比赛，被称作是“世界最美丽独特的办公楼竞赛”，吸引了超过200个参赛者。豪威尔和胡德选择了哥特式复兴设计，这延长了折衷主义风格对现代主义概念的影响。十年来，现代主义作为由相对较少的欧洲建筑师，引领的概念，以一种更适合称做现代派的风格并行于美国。这种风格既不是纯粹的也不是革命性的，但融合了装饰折衷主义晚期风格和现代主义理论，并已成为今天众所周知的装饰艺术风格parallel ： v. 与.平行, 相比, 与.相似 modernistic adj. 现代派的 课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph10The early modern

20、 or International style skyscrapers are small in number because of lack of courage on the part of the builder and a reluctance to invest in a style not yet accepted. But after the Second World War the descendants of these early modern skyscrapers, such as the McGraw-Hill Building in Manhattan, came

21、to make up the high modern corporate style, the flat top glass boxes that have been the focal point of criticism over the past ten years.早期的现代主义或国际主义风格的摩天大楼在数量上市很少的，因为建设者缺乏勇气和意愿去投资尚未被广泛接受的风格。但在第二次世界大战之后，这些早期的现代摩天大楼的后继者，如曼哈顿的麦格劳 - 希尔大厦，构成了高耸的现代企业风格，这种平顶玻璃盒子，在过去十年里一直是批评的焦点。 focal ：adj. 焦点的 criticism：

22、n. 批评, 非难, 评论McGraw-Hill Building课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph11These big buildings have taught us a hard lesson. But it is wrong that so much has been blamed on the esthetic, for such problems owe just as much to investment patterns and social upheavals. Unfortunately the minimalism of the modern esthetics le

23、t itself to the cheapest corner cutting. Since this is the most profitable route for the builder to take, it is an elegant and refined vocabulary that was quickly reduced to bottom line banality. 这些大型建筑都给了我们沉痛的教训。但将其全部归咎于审美是错误的，这样的问题很大程度上由于投资模式和社会动荡。不幸的是，现代美学的极简主义极简主义让自己走了最廉价的捷径。因为这是建设者可采取的最赚钱的途径，其作

24、为一个优雅精致的代名词很快下降至底线的平庸。corner cutting ：走捷径 banality： n. 平凡; 陈腐课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph12Many are already grieving the passing; for it is structure in its purest form, enclosed in a sheer curtain of shaped and shimmering glass, that has produced some of the most innovative designs of our time.These ideas should not be abandoned in search for ideal answers. After all, the history of the skyscraper which is also the history of the centuryis a search for identity.许多人已经开始怀缅于过去;因为那时的建筑有着最纯粹的形式，由纯粹窗帘状和闪闪发光的玻璃幕墙围合，这形式创造了一些我们这个时代最具创新性的设计。这些想法不应该被遗弃