中考总复习语法专项突破专题九非谓语动词(含解析)_6381_第1页
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1、学习必备欢迎下载语法专项突破专题九非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语,不受主语人称和数的限制,在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、动名词和分词。考点一动词不定式动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语以外的一切成分:主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、表语、定语和状语。1动词不定式作主语时,往往用 it 作形式主语, 而把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。常用句式: It is ( not) adj .( for/of sb. ) to do sth.。To swim in the river is dangerous.It's dangerous to swim

2、in the river.在河里游泳是危险的。2作表语。往往置于连系动词be, seem 等之后。Myjob is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我的妹妹。3作宾语。常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词有:agre e, begin, start,decide, expect, learn, like , manage, pretend, want, try, wish , forget , remember, help 等。Don't forget to close the door. 别忘了关门。4作定语。动词不定式作定语时,要置于被说明和修饰的名词之后。

3、I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。I need a house to live in. 我需要一栋房子住。5作状语,表明目的、结果或原因等。My little sister is too young to go to school.我的小妹太小而不能上学。(结果状语)He opened the door for her to come in.他打开门让她进来。 (目的状语)6作宾语补足语。I expect you to write to me.我盼望你给我来信。I asked him to show me his new dictionary.我请求他

4、给我看看他的新词典。温馨提示: 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell ,warn ,wish ,would like ,order,use,invite ,get,allow ,expect,encourage,hate 等。但在使役动词 ( make,let,have)和感官动词 (see,hear, watch,notice ,feel 等)后,要把作宾补的不定式结构中的to 省略。不定式可以和疑问词who,what ,which ,why , when,how,where 等连用,构成 “疑问词不定式 ”结构, 通常用于下列动词之后: tell ,teach,know

5、 ,wonder,learn,show,find out, ask, understand 等。When to go there hasn't been decided yet.什么时候去那儿还没定下来。(作主语)Can you tell me where to exchange the money?你能告诉我哪里能换钱吗?(作宾语)The problem is how to tell her the news.问题是该怎么把这个消息告诉她。(作表语)考点二动名词动名词由 “动词原形 -ing ”构成,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1

6、 作主语Eating too much junk food is bad for our health.学习必备欢迎下载吃太多垃圾食品对我们的身体健康有害。温馨提示: 动名词和动词不定式作主语, 在许多情况下可以通用, 但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2作表语My mother's job is cooking. 我母亲的工作是做饭。3作宾语I don't mind listening to that story aga in.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。温馨提示:其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有 finish , enjoy, p

7、ractice, mind , keep,consider,miss,avoid(避免), suggest,admit,be worth,have fun( in)/have difficulty ( in) /problem ( in) /trouble ( in), waste time( in ), can't help 等。4作定语,表明它所修饰的词的用途Let's join the singing group. 让我们加入合唱队吧。a working method工作方法5其后既可以接动名词,也可接动词不定式的动词有continue, remember, try, s

8、top, forget, hate, go on 等。love,like ,prefer,begin,start,考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。1区别:( 1)现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗边的人是我们的老师。The building built last year has become our lab.去年建的楼已成了我们的实验室。( 2)现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质,意为 “令人 的 ”;过去分词表达由外界引起的内心活动,意为 “感到 的 ”。the exciting new

9、s 令人兴奋的消息the excited look 激动的表情常 用 的 还 有 : interesting/interested , tiring/tired , boring/bored , surprising/surprised ,amazing/amazed。( 3)现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示完成的动作。2用法:( 1)作定语:单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的词的前面,短语作定语常放在所修饰的词的后面。The question being discussed is important to us.正在被讨论的问题对我们很重要。The excited people rush

10、ed into the building.激动的人们冲入了大楼。( 2)作状语:分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、结果、伴随等状语。Being a student, I must study hard.作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。(原因状语)He ran out of the room , crying loudly.他大声哭着从房间里跑出来。(伴随状语)( 3)作表语。The movie is interesting. 这部电影很有趣。学习必备欢迎下载The door is broken. 门破了。( 4)作宾语补足语,一般用在 see,hear, notice,feel, have

11、等动词之后与宾语构成复合宾语。I saw a cat running a cross the street.我看见一只猫跑过街道。I must have the bike repaired. 我必须找人修修自行车。温馨提示:不定式与分词都可跟在某些动词之后作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作发生的全过程; 现在分词作宾语补足语, 强调动作正在发生; 过去分词作宾语补足语,侧重于表示被动的概念。When they went into the school , they saw some boys playing football.当他们走进校园时,他们看见一些男孩在踢足球。(正在做)Do

12、you often see them play basketball?你常看他们打篮球吗?(全过程)He spoke loudly to make himself heard clearly.他大声说以便让别人听清他的话。(他的话被听)1( 2012 湖南怀化中考,28)Remember_off the lights when you leave the classroom.A turnB to turnC turning2( 2012 湖南永州中考,27) Please tell me _ next.A how to do itB what to do itChow do it3( 2012

13、 福建宁德中考,37) Please tell the students_ quiet in class.A keepB keepingC to keep4(2012 湖南衡阳中考, 26)Try to sing more English songs ,and you will find it interesting_ a foreign language.A learningB learnsC to learn5( 2012 湖南湘潭中考,24)It is polite _ a gift when you visit somebody for the firsttime.A takeB ta

14、kingC to take6( 2012 四川成都中考, 37)Parents often ask their kids _ their internet friends becausethe kids may be in danger.A to meetB not to meetC meeting7( 2012 黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考, 33)Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs _itevery day.A practice to speakB to practice speakingC practice speaking8 Th

15、e house is too small for his family _.A to live inB living inC live in9 Fang Fang is old enough_to school.A goesB to goCwent10 Lucy kept me_for over twenty minutes.A to waitB waitingCwaited11 The boy_in the teacher's office was found_yesterday.A standing; smokeB standing; smokingC stood; smoke12

16、 Where's Mr Yang , do you know? Well , it's hard to say.But I saw him _ a football game just now.A was watching B watching Chad watched 13 John was made_the truck for a week as a punishment.A washB washingC to wash14 The old man didn't know _ when the house caught fire.A what to do B how

17、 to do Cwhat to do it 15 How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? It makes me _ very proud.学习必备欢迎下载A feltB to feelCfeel16 People spent two hours _ the fire.A to put offB putting outC putting on17 No one knew why the women kept _ at the party.A laughB to laughC laughing18 Science is so

18、 difficult! I think you should keep on _ hard.A studyB to studyC studying19 The old man is ill and he doesn't feel like _.A to eat somethingB to eat anythingC eating anything20 Tom, your hairis too long , and you should have it _ this weekend. OK , I will do it this Sunday.A cuttedB cutC to cut学

19、习必备欢迎下载参考答案专题九非谓语动词专题提升演练1 Bremember to do sth. 记得去“做某事 ”。2A考查 “特殊疑问词动词不定式 ”作宾语。 B 项应该去掉 it;C 项 how 后跟动词不定式。故选A 项。3 Ctell sb.to do sth. 告诉某人“做某事 ”。4 Cit 在此作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。5 CIt's adj. to do sth. 做某“事 ”。故选 C 项。6 B ask sb.not to do sth. 要求某人“不要做某事 ”。7Bneed 作实义动词其后跟动词不定式作宾语;practice doing sth. 练习做“某事 ”。故选B项。8 A句意:这个房子对他的家庭来说住在里面太小了。本题考查动词不定式作后置定语。9 B句意:芳芳上学足够大了。enough.to do sth.意思是 “足够 干某事了 ”。10B句意:露西让我等了二十多分钟。 kee

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