牛津译林B Unit Gramma 共PPT课件

1、pastpresentEddie has lived with Millie since he was born.Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.pastpresent4 yearsEddie was born four years ago.第1页/共45页一一.现在完成时的含义现在完成时的含义 表示过去已完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与“already、ever、just 、never、recently、yet”等连用；We have just finished the report.He has not returned the boo

2、k to me yet.He has never visited the Great Wall. 表示过去发生动作持续到现在，常与“since、for”连用。 I have lived here since I was born. She has been ill for three months.第2页/共45页二、现在完成时的构成 We have lived in Beijing since we were born. He has already had his lunch. I have just finished my homework. 2.现在完成时的否定句 1. 现在完成时的肯

3、定句句型句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have 主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词 主语（第三人称单数） +has句型句型 主语+have/has+not+过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then. She hasnt eaten it. They havent finished the work.第3页/共45页3.现在完成时的一般疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句句型句型 Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. Have you finished the work?

4、Has she arrived here? Have they eaten supper?4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+.How many times have you been to the Great Wall?How long have you known each other?What have you finished recently?Yes, have/has.No, havent/hasnt.Yes, I have. / No, I havent.Yes, she has. / No

5、, she hasnt.Yes, they have. / No, they havent.第4页/共45页ExerciseExercise对划线部分提问对划线部分提问The girl has learned English for 6 years. I have eaten two apples for breakfast.How long has the girl learned English?What have you eaten for breakfast?第5页/共45页1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)She _ cle

6、aned the kitchen _.2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ they _ _ interesting places in China?3. The poor dog has died.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）_the poor dog _? -No, it _.4. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (对划线部分提问)_ _books _ they _ from the library?5. I have ever

7、been to the Great Wall. (改为否定句)I _ _ been to the Great Wall.6. They have studied here since they moved to the city. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ they _ here?hasnt yetHave visited anyHas died hasntHow many have borrowedhave neverHow long have studied第6页/共45页三、过去分词的构成三、过去分词的构成原形原形过去分词过去分词 原形原形过去分词过去分词travelvisitmov

8、estopstayfinishownshoplearnrepairtravelledmovedstayedownedlearnedvisitedstoppedfinishedshoppedrepairedA. 规则动词的过去分词与过去式一致第7页/共45页B. 不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词原形原形过去分词过去分词 原形原形过去分词过去分词thinkputcatchcostgivegrowmakehurtwriterunthoughtcaughtgivenmadewrittenputcostgrownhurtrun第8页/共45页原形原形过去分词过去分词原形原形过去分词过去分词fee

9、lbringfallwearflysinghaveforgetdrinkkeepfeltfallenflownhaddrunkbroughtwornsungforgottenkept第9页/共45页Complete the sentences using the present perfect tense.1. They _(finish) their homework.2. Mr and Mrs Li _(not come) back yet.3. John _(play) this computer game a few times.4. We _(not see) that film y

10、et.5. Mr Dong _(repair) over ten bicycles since last Monday.6. You _(not visit) me for a long time.havent comehave finishedhas playedhavent seenhas repairedhavent visited第10页/共45页Complete the conversation using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Millie: (1)_ you _(see) any exhibitions recent

11、ly, Sandy?Sandy: No, I (2)_. What about you?Millie: Well, I (3)_(see) one. I saw it at the history museum last week.Sandy: Whats it about?Have seen have seenhavent第11页/共45页Millie: I (4)_(forget) the title. Its about changes in Beijing over the past century.Sandy: Oh, yes. I (5)_(hear) about it.(6)_

12、your cousin _(go) with you?Millie: No, he (7)_. He (8)_ (be) very busy this week.have forgottenhave heardHave gonehasnthas been第12页/共45页Sandy: Did you enjoy the exhibition?Millie: Yes, I did. I (9)_(learn) a lot about Beijings past and present. Its a good exhibition and I (10)_(decide) to see it aga

13、in. Do you want to go with me?Sandy: Sure. I wont miss it this time.have learnthave decided第13页/共45页 1) 你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？ 2) 我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。 3) Simon曾经去过几次中国曾经去过几次中国? 4) 她刚刚写好两篇文章。她刚刚写好两篇文章。 5) 他们已经去电影院了。他们已经去电影院了。 6) Smith夫妇还没有回来。夫妇还没有回来。 7) 自从上午自从上午9点你就在等他吗？点你就在等他吗？ 8)

14、人们自从人们自从1998年开始使用这个新机场。年开始使用这个新机场。 翻译：翻译：Have you received your fathers letter yet?I have not seen my aunt for a long time.How many times has Simon been to China?She has just written two articles.They have gone to the cinema.Mr Smith and Mrs Smith have not come back yet.Have you waited for him since

15、 9 a.m.?They have used the new airport since 1998.第14页/共45页用正确时态填空1. Hurry up! Lunch _already _(begin).2. _ he ever _(ride) a bike?3. Liming _(hurt) his arm last week. He _ already _(stay) in bed for five days.4. Yesterday, she _(buy) one book in the bookshop. She _ (not read) it since then.5. I _al

16、ready _(lose) my pen. _(buy) it two days ago.6. He _ (wait) for an hour.7. I _ (not finish) the work yet.8. _ you _ (know) him since then?has waitedhavent finishedHaveknownhurthasbegunHasriddenhasstayedboughthasnt readhave lostbought第15页/共45页9. We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.10. How

17、long _ you_ (stay) at home already?11. He _ (not read) the book before. 12. I _ (hear) from my brother recently.13. Her sister _ (go) to Changchun. She_ (leave) this morning.14. He _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.15. The writer _ (finish) several story- books since 1990.have heardhave be

18、enhavestayedhasnt readhas gonelefthas livedhas finished第16页/共45页1.1.意思上：意思上：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English fo

19、r five years. （说明他可能还继续学下去）（说明他可能还继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 第17页/共45页2.2.结构上：结构上：一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。无时间状语。一般过去时的一般过去时的3 3类类常见时间状语：常见时间状语： lastlast、ago / yesterdayago / yesterday、 in+in+过去时间点过去时间点 / just / just nowno

20、w、 the other daythe other day等具体的时间状语。等具体的时间状语。现在完成时的现在完成时的4 4类类时时间状语：间状语：forfor、since / since / alreadyalready、everever、just just 、nevernever、recentlyrecently、yet yet / till nowtill now、so far / in/during/past the so far / in/during/past the past/last few yearspast/last few years等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语

21、。第18页/共45页He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.第19页/共45页LetLets try! Is try! Im sure you can do it well!m sure you can do it well!1.I _(see) the 3D film Avatar. Its amazing! I _(see)

22、 it one month ago. 2.-Is your grandfather still alive? -No, he _already _(die). -When _he _(die)? -He _last year(die). 3.I _just _ (hear) of the earthquake in Tangshan. -The earthquake? -Yes, it _(happen) on March 6th, three days ago.4.Mr. Li _(begin) to work in this factory in 1990.He _ (work) in t

23、he factory for 20 years.5. The Greens _(live) in China since they _(move) here in 2003.have seensawhas dieddid diediedhave heardhappenedbeganhas workedhas livedmoved第20页/共45页Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense现在完成时态 2第21页/共45页 He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there

24、 for two years.He has studied French. ( (他学过法语。他学过法语。) )这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. ( (他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。) ) 这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。用法用法1 1：表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是：表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。对现在有影响。第22页/共45页这种用法常与al

25、ready、ever、just 、never、recently、yet、 before等连用. I _ (do) my homework already. He _(not finished) his homework yet. _you ever _(be) to Beijing? We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before. Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in. They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas no

26、t finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced第23页/共45页时间副词和时间短语具体用法时间副词和时间短语具体用法:1. 副词already和yet：already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。第24页/共45页 - I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。2. 副词e

27、ver 和never：多用于否定或疑问 句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 - Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?第25页/共45页He has just eaten ten apples. 他刚吃完十个苹果。3. 用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语。 I have just seen her, but I dont know where she is now . 我刚看见她，但我不知道她现在在哪。第26页/共45页注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定

28、句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet. yet. I havent seen the film yet. I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet. I have seen the film already. 第27页/共45页用法2：表示动作或状态从过去

29、开始一直延续到现在甚至将来I have lived here for twenty years.She has moved to Beijing since she was born.They have changed a lot over these years. 第28页/共45页LetLet try! try!用用since或或for填空：填空：1.I have been at this school _ more than two years.2. She has worked in the factory _ ten years ago.3. Mr. Green has lived

30、in the city _ he was born.4. His father has been a party member _ twenty years.forforsincesince第29页/共45页切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： buy borrow open close leave die join begin -have - keep -be open -be closed -be away -be dead -be a member of -be on 第30页/共45页如: I havent seen him for two years. 我两

31、年没有见过他了。4. 表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的时间状语: so far / till now, for+ 一段时间, since 。 Mrs Li has taught in our school since she left normal university. 李老师从师范大学毕业以后就在我们 学校教书了。第31页/共45页( )1. I have finished my homework _. Have you finished your homework _? A. yet, yet B. yet, already C. already, yet D. alrea

32、dy, already单项选择单项选择:第32页/共45页( )2. I havent seen Kate _ 4 months. A. Already B. since C. for D. yet( )3. He has _ seen the film Harry Potter. So he knows nothing about it. A. already B. ever C. never D. yet 第33页/共45页( ) 4. She has been ill in bed _ two days ago. A. since B. in C. during D. for( )5.

33、Have you seen him _? No, I havent. A. already B. never C. ever D. recently第34页/共45页( )6. I have _ watched a wonderful film. Its really interesting. A. yet B. just C. just now D. never第35页/共45页( )7. Mike _ the bookshop. I have to wait for him. A. went to B. was in C. has been to D. has gone to第36页/共45页( )8. Oh, Mrs King, your dress looks very nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years ago. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought第37页/共45页( )9. _you _a ticket for the football match? Not yet. A. Is, bought B. Are, bought C. Has, bought D. Have, bought第38页/共45页( )10. What a nice dog! Ho