实用职英文写作教程Unit 9 Business Reports

1、09unit business reports business reports 商务报告商务报告 business reports play an important role in business practice as most major or decisive actions are based on business reports. if reports are well written, solutions can be expected to draw in a wise way. the purpose of a report is to inform someone o

2、f the findings of a research and to provide a basis for decision-making. its length ranges for any report-whether formal or informal- assessing the readers needs is essential. writing business reports is thus an important practical writing ability both within and outside companies.1content and forma

3、t3sample reading5your try24 writing techniquesuseful expressions and sentences内容大纲内容大纲6 exercises7 answercontent and format what is what is a business report a business report 商务报告商务报告(business reports)是商业人士为了提供业务工作是商业人士为了提供业务工作及其进展的信息，分析收集到的数据信息，进行交流的重及其进展的信息，分析收集到的数据信息，进行交流的重要手段，也是企业决策者做出决策和行动的重要依

4、据。撰要手段，也是企业决策者做出决策和行动的重要依据。撰写商务报告的可以是个人、几人或机构。报告有时可以是写商务报告的可以是个人、几人或机构。报告有时可以是口头陈述的形式，而通常都是书面报告。商务报告形式多口头陈述的形式，而通常都是书面报告。商务报告形式多样，有些简洁随意，有些为正式的长篇大论。有些报告只样，有些简洁随意，有些为正式的长篇大论。有些报告只简单记录某个时间、某次访问，以及所采取的相关行。另简单记录某个时间、某次访问，以及所采取的相关行。另外一些报告则包括对事实、结论的详尽解释，也可以包含外一些报告则包括对事实、结论的详尽解释，也可以包含行动建议。商务报告应该使用简明易懂的语言，对

5、使用的行动建议。商务报告应该使用简明易懂的语言，对使用的术语进行解释，语气要真诚、亲切，确保可读性。术语进行解释，语气要真诚、亲切，确保可读性。 how to classify business reportshow to classify business reports whats the structure of whats the structure of a business report a business report 几乎所有的商务报告的结构都包含五部分：前部（几乎所有的商务报告的结构都包含五部分：前部（head），介绍（），介绍（introduction），中间（），中间（

6、middle），结束（），结束（end），后部（），后部（bottom）。根据不）。根据不同的主题、目的、使用的数据，这五部分又包含了更多具体的成分。同的主题、目的、使用的数据，这五部分又包含了更多具体的成分。正式的英语商务报告的文体结构一般由以下十个部分组成：正式的英语商务报告的文体结构一般由以下十个部分组成：i. prefatory parts (正文前面的部分，前言）正文前面的部分，前言） 1) title (题目，标题) 只有报告标题的是 title fly(封面)，这样做封面（cover）显得报告更加正式。 题名页（title page）往往包括标题，作者姓名和单位、呈送对象、日期。

7、 2) transmittals (报告传达书，包括报告的主题和获得批准，简述该项目以及 主体，致谢) 3) contents (目录) 4) summary/abstract (总结、提要、摘要、概要) ii. text of report 5) introduction (引言、导言、导语、序言) 包括报告的背景，报告讨论的问题或目的，报告的重要性，报告的范畴，报告的篇章结构。 6) findings (body) (正文，调查结果，研究结果) 7) conclusions (结论) 结论也可以放在正文前，以便忙碌的阅读者很快能读到重要的信息。 8) recommendations (建议

8、、意见) 建议可以和结论合并成为一部分，有时也可以放在正文前。 iii. supplemental parts（正文后的补充部分）（正文后的补充部分） 9) appendix (附录、附件) 与正文相关的但不包括在正文中的内容，比如，调查问卷，情况介绍，表格样例，电脑打印件，统计公式。专有名词列表可以放在附录中，也可以单独成为一个补充的部分。 10) references/bibliography (参考资料，文献目录)包括参考资料的作者，题目，出版社，出版日期，页码等。whats the format of whats the format of a business report a bu

9、siness report 写商务报告的时候，需要明确用什么书写的格式和报告的长度。通常情况下写商务报告的时候，需要明确用什么书写的格式和报告的长度。通常情况下，可以根据阅读者的需要，自己选择书写商务报告的格式。，可以根据阅读者的需要，自己选择书写商务报告的格式。 以下介绍四种常用的商务报告的格式以供参考。 1.预打印格式（preprinted form） many company prepared the forms for certain type of reports. these reports usually deal with routine information. you ju

10、st supply information asked for by filling out the items on the report. 2. 信件格式（letter） reports in letter format are usually adopted as an external means of communication, and usually have letter components and report sections. 3.备忘录格式（memo） reports in this form are usually informal reports, which c

11、an be for both internal use and external use. the headings if memo can help audience to immediately identify the major contents of the report. 4.手稿格式（manuscript） reports in manuscript format are formal reports, ranging from a few pages to several hundred pages. long reports need special parts before

12、 and after the text. 商务报告的长度和格式由报告的主题及目的、对该主题的了解及可能的结论商务报告的长度和格式由报告的主题及目的、对该主题的了解及可能的结论所决定。作者需要记住的是写作商务报告时，表达的信息应该准确无误。所决定。作者需要记住的是写作商务报告时，表达的信息应该准确无误。不同商务报告的成分（the components in different reports）短篇正式报告的格式短篇正式报告的格式 因为其格式及内容更具有可操作性，对于初学者来说，学会撰写短篇正式报告有着特殊的重要性。它通常包括以下几个部分： 题目，标题题目，标题(title) 前言前言(terms

13、 of reference/introduction) 调查过程调查过程(procedure/proceedings/method）调查结果调查结果(finding) 结论结论(conclusions): 建议建议(recommendations) 附录附录(appendices) 文献目录文献目录(bibliography) 如下面表格所示：如下面表格所示： figure 2 短篇正式报告纲要(highlights of a short but formal report) title transmittal information state the problem to be dealt

14、 with explain the background andmethods used present research results and other data provide your analysis of the available data give your conclusion or conclusions figure 1 短篇非正式报告纲要(skeleton of a short and informal report) to: from: date: subject: content: 长报告的写作格式（format for formal reportsformat

15、for formal reports） 长篇报告的基本结构：长篇报告的基本结构： 具体的研究报告结构（structure of a detailed research reportstructure of a detailed research report） 以下用例句说明长报告正文部分的写法以下用例句说明长报告正文部分的写法 1.引言 (the introduction) following your memorandum of 27 april we carried out a small study of staff views in 3 selected departments. (

16、遵照您 4 月 27 日的备忘指示，我部对三个部门的员工意见进行了小范围的调查研究。特汇报如下) in this report i present the data collected for improving our new series products, （这份报告将提供针对我们新系列产品的改进而搜集的一些资料。） 2. 举例 (the illustration) i obtained most information from mr. ronald braun, the financial analyst, and ms. margaret persasky, the investm

17、ent advisor. i also spoke with some of the senior staff in the financial department. i also read some reports on abc company in some leading newspapers and trade journals. (我的主要资料来源为财经分析师 ronald braun 先生，投资顾问 margaret persasky 女士以及财务部门资深职员。我还参考了一些主要报纸和专业刊物上登载的有关 abc 公司的报道。) 3. 讨论(the discussion) so

18、the review of the abcs recent performance shows: 1. it has shifted its major operation to southern east asia. 2. its operation in mid-east has been effected by the unsettled situation there. 3. most of its major stock holders are still optimistic for its future development. （因此总结 abc 公司近期的经营可以发现： 1.

19、 它已将主要市场转到东南亚。 2. 它在中东的市场受到当地不安定局势的影响和冲击。 3. 它的大多数大股东仍对它持乐观态度。） if we invest in abc company, we should be aware of the recession in the mid-east./ we may take some of our chief partners unwilling to cooperate further with us as they hold the viewpoint that abc has been backing some corporations whic

20、h are believed to employ children workers. (如果我们投资 abc 公司，我们应对中东地区的经济萎缩又说准备。/我么的一些主要合作伙伴会由于认为 abc 公司支持了一些雇用童工的集团而不意和我们继续合作。) 4. 结论(conclusion) in conclusion, my investigation indicates that investment in the abc company is not as reliable or beneficial as investment in the field we have been engaged

21、 in. （总之，根据我的调查分析：投资 abc 公司并不像我们已投资的产业那样可靠和利润回报丰厚。 writing techniques商务报告内容上要讲求客观，忠于事实（be impersonal and factual）；在观点上必须清晰，引证准确 (be clear and precise) ；结构上则要完整，内容全面(be integrate and complete) ;在文体上要正式，风格自然 (be formal but natural)。 商务报告的特点可概括为： 篇幅可长可短，体例必须规范； 内容或繁或简，格式非常关键； 题目有大有小，成败全看语言。 商务报告的语言特点可以

22、概括为以下几点： 语法正确 (correct)， 语意明了(understandable) ， 可读性强 (readable)， 直截了当 (straight)， 归化自然 (natural) 总之，写商务报告，如下四个方面不可或缺。总之，写商务报告，如下四个方面不可或缺。 1.title:标题言简意赅，只需写主题。如：report on 2.introduction：写陈述写报告的目的，写这份报告的原因及报告将达到的效果。 e.g. the purpose/ objective/ aim of this report is to this report aims to here is a r

23、eport concerning mr. a has asked me to report to as requested by, i am submitting the following report about 3.findings：主要阐述事实和信息，避免带入个人的意见。 e.g. according to the recent market research / investigation / survey / the chart above / the table above the recent visit / investigation / survey showed that

24、 the table / chart above tells us that from the chart shown, we find / learn / notice that the table / chart above is showing that 4.recommendation(s)：基于前部分的 findings 提出意见和建议。 e.g. the following are the recommendations it is recommended that based on the conclusion / analysis above, we recommend tha

25、t / it can be concluded that with reference to the advantages stated above, the following recommendations can be made with reference to the facts above, the following recommendations can be made 备忘 1、 语言与风格语言与风格 写作语言要清晰准确 写作风格要真实客观 语言要正式，不要用俚语 正式报告中不要用“你我他”，要用第三人称，比如：“人事委员会就（问题）做了以下报告” 2、页面布局、页面布局/标

26、题标题 报告的主要部分应该有标题 在主要内容中应该有小标题 使用下划线强调重点的词或标题。 使用数字标出重要的内容 sample reading1. a short informal 1. a short informal report report 【参考译文参考译文】 1. 正式短报告正式短报告 2. an investigation report 2. an investigation report 【参考译文】 2.调查报告3. 3. an analytical and feasibility report an analytical and feasibility report 【参

27、考译文】 3. 3. 分析性报告及可行性报告4. a trip repor4. a trip report t 【参考译文】 4. 商务旅行报告 5. a progress report5. a progress report 【参考译文】 5.工作进度报告 useful expressions and sentencesuseful expressions useful expressions 1. generic : 一般的，普通的 2. preliminaries：正文前的内容 3. front matter: 前面事项 4. letter of transmittal 转送函，送文函，

28、(用于介绍报告概况的)封面信 5. title page ：标题页 6. front cover ：封面 7. executive letter ：建议大纲，执行总结，摘要，概要 8. terms of reference ：职权范围 9. profit margin ：利润率 10. current ratio：流动比率 11. return on investment： 投资回报率，投资收益率 12. return on assets：资产收益率 13. incident report：特别事件报告，灾情报告，事故报告 14. feasibility study report：可行性研究报

29、告 15. interim report：临时报告 16. progress report：进度报告 17. primary source：原始资料 18. secondary source：二手资料 19. catering:餐饮服务 20. sar: special administrative region 特别行政区 21. economic stagnation: 经济不景气 22. be followed up with personal interview:随后用面谈的形式（来强大效果） 23. spur：刺激 24. end product:终端产品 useful expres

30、sions useful expressions 25. aging problems:（塑料等的）老化问题 26. profit margins:利润空间 27. slack period:疲软时期 28. annual report:年度报告 29. demographic and cultural profiles:人口统计和文化方面的概况 30. be to blame for:应该对负责 31. viability:可行性 32. justification report 辩护报告 33. staff report 参事报告 34. feasibility report 可行性报告

31、35. audit report 审计报告 36. informal report 非正式报告 37. formal report 正式报告 38. memorandum report 备忘录式报告 39. letter report 书信式报告 40. preliminary parts 前页部分 41. table of contents 目录 42. table of illustrations 插图目录 43. synopsis 概要 44. bibliography 参考文献 45. appendix 附录 46. index 索引 47. periodic report 定期报告

32、48. investigate report 调查报告 useful sentences 1. the aim/purpose of this report is to 该报告的目的是 2. this report sets out to 该报告打算 3. please be noted that a visit has been arranged to the great wall on september 15. 请各位注意，9 月 15 日安排游览长城。 4. it was decided /agreed/felt that. 做出如下决定如下 5. no conclusions wer

33、e reached regarding 关于没有做出结论 6. we would recommend that 我们建议 7. it is suggested that 做出如下建议 8. in this report, i will explain how the sales program for the previous month worked, and what impact it will exert on the sales of this month. 在这份报告中，我将解释一下上个月的销售计划执行的情况以及给这个月带来的影响。 9. the objective of this

34、 report is to summarize the achievements weve made as well as the setbacks weve experienced in the past year. 本报告的目的是要总结以下我们在去年所取得的成就和遇到的挫折。 10. the message we want to get across to the customer is that his or her satisfaction is our first priority. 我们想传达给顾客的信息是，他们的满意是我们的第一宗旨。 11. the purpose of the

35、 trip was to learn of the problems associated with the establishment of a computer security program. 此次旅行的目的是为了了解建立电脑安全系统所存在的问题。 12. it is my purpose of the visit to find out about the conditions of the premises and the possible measures to be taken to improve business. 此次访问的目的是为了了解这些商业网点的运作状况，从而找出改

36、进的方法。 13. it is clear that are very keen to do business with us and they will be important customers in the future, i therefore suggest we offer them our best terms. 显然他们很想跟我们做生意，并且将成为我们重要客户，因此，我建议给他们提供最优惠的条件。 14. i shall be pleased to discuss the premises with you in greater detail at any time conv

37、enient to you. 我愿意在你方便的时候和你更详细地讨论有关商业网点一事。 15. this report includes a discussion of the facts of the investigation, conclusions, and recommendations. 本报告包括对事实的调查、结论和建议。 16. you asked me to make a close survey of the damage. the following report is just what you wanted. 您要我对这次损失进行认真的调查，现提交下面这份报告给您。 1

38、7. having researching the cause of the profit loss, id like to submit this report to you for your reference. 我在调查了利润损失的原因后，提交此报告供您参考。 18. questionnaires were distributed to our clients for their completion at the end of a one-month period. 我们向客户们分发了问卷，并要求在 1 个月内完成。 19. the main reason for the delay

39、is that they refuse to abide by the original terms of the contract. 造成这次延误的主要原因是他们拒绝遵守合同上所订的条款。 20. an alternative to this plan is that we open this project to public bid. 除此之外还有一个方案，那就是我们对这项工程进行公开招标。 21. i have chosen the second among the ten alternatives simply because it is more workable. 我在 10 个

40、可选方案中选择了第二个，因为它的可行性比其他的大。 22. the reason why i choose this plan over the other optional ones is that i find this plan has several advantages which might be easily ignored. 我之所以选择这个计划而不是其他的，是因为我发现它具有一些很容易被人忽略的优势。 23. a thorough comparison prompted me to decide on her as my assistant. i hope youll agr

41、ee. 在进行全面的评估之后，我决定要她做我的助手，希望你能同意。 24. by lowering our prices we hope to increase sales volume and capture a larger share of the market. 通过降低价格，我们希望能增加销售量，进而扩大市场占有率。 25. this proposal recommends a solution and provides budget and time schedule figures. 本建议书特别提出一个解决方案，并提供预算和时间安排。 26. we should not ove

42、rlook the fact that the vast majority of our clients have very little knowledge about finance. 我们不应该忽略这样一个事实，即我们的大多数客户几乎没有财务方面的知识。 27. if we were to do this, we might reduce the threat of loss of good managerial-level staff. 如果我们做这件事，我们就会减少优秀管理人员的流失。 28. the suggestion is based on the research ive d

43、one in the past few years, and i believe it will work well. 这个建议是在我前几年研究的基础上提出的，我相信会行得通。 29. i hope you will adopt this proposal. 我希望你能采纳这个建议。 your trytask 1 group discussion q1. some business reports are called informational reports, while other business reports are called analytical reports. could

44、 you explain the reason? q2. although business reports can be written in different formats, could you list out the basic sections in a business reports? task 2 read the following examples of introduction and decide which meet the criteria for a good introduction and explain the reasons. (1) as we al

45、l know, britain is a multicultural society. in the 1990s many thousands of immigrants came to the country, mostly set home in the major cities. the majority of these immigrants came from the west indies, india and pakistan and hong kong. racism has always been a problem, with the various groups of i

46、mmigrants seen as stereotypes, although over the years there has been increasing integration into british society, particularly by the children of immigrant families. this is reflected in the mass media. twenty years ago black people were rarely seen on television and very few held jobs in the press

47、. however, nowadays, more and more black people work as journalists and are thus able to look at events from a different perspective. (2) stereotypes are everywhere: the reserved british, the disorganized italians, and the shopping-obsessed japanese. this essay will talk about these stereotypes and

48、their representation in the media. the following areas will be covered: television, radio, the press, and the cinema. i will particularly look at television and ask the question: “does television reinforce these stereotypes?” (3) stereotypes abound in todays society. people seem to have an innate co

49、mpulsion to categorize others into various groups and then to apply rigid and limited descriptions to these groups. there are therefore, amongst others, stereotypical nationalities and races, stereotypical sexes and sexual orientations and stereotypical classes. and one place where these stereotypes

50、 often thrive is in the mass media, particularly in the tabloid press and popular television, such as in situation comedy. some, for example hick, (1996) claim that this is a harmful phenomenon, whereas commentators such as ealham (1998) point to the possible dangers of obsessive stereotyping in the

51、 media. this essay will examine what sociological evidence there is for the process of stereotyping the mass media, and will then go on to analyze th reasons for its occurrence. the final part of the essay will ask how far societys attitudes are in face shaped by this portrayal of the various kinds

52、of stereotypes. task 3 match the items in the boxes on the left with the items on the right. task 4 suppose it is a formal report. put the prefatory parts in an appropriate sequence. a. summary/abstract b. title fly c. title page d. contents e. list of figures f. transmittal answer:you try task 2 1.

53、 your tutor would read an introduction like this with a great sense of foreboding. theres no real problem with the actual english, but the writer shows no indication whatsoever of answering the question, the word “stereotype” has been picked up on, and narrowly interpreted as meaning racial stereoty

54、pe. but even then there is no attempt to focus on the actual question, and most of what is said is irrelevant. probably a fail! 2.too short for a start and not very well written (inconsistency of tenses: will/going to). no attempt to put the question into some sort of context, to get the reader inte

55、rested in whats to come. at first, it looks as if stereotypes are being interpreted simply as national stereotypes and also the writer goes off on the wrong tack: the question does not ask for a simple description nor asks about the validity of these stereotypes. the last part of the introduction, h

56、owever, does indicate that the last part of the question will be addressed, if the writer manages to focus more on the actual question, the essay might just scrape a pass. 3.this is a very good introduction. its about the right length; gives a little relevant background and context, indicating that

57、the writer has thought about what a stereotype is in its broadest interpretation; makes some initial references to sources; and finally focuses precisely on the question, showing the reader that it has been fully understood and that it will be answered. note that the wording of the final part of the

58、 introduction is very close to that of the question. if the essay follows in the same vein, it should get an excellent mark, task 3 task 4 b,c,f,d,e,a exercises. match the english words and phrases with their proper chinese meaning. . translate the following sentences into english. 1. the first prog

59、ram has obvious advantage over the others. 2. here is the report about the work done by the marketing department for may 2008. 3. the report examines the supply and demand of the target market and recommends some market developing approaches. 4. the department managers have too little autonomous dec

60、ision power and have to make every decision according to our companys policies. 5. the mass-market lines should be dropped and we should concentrate on the specialty lines. 6. 给董事会简单陈述 2008-2009 年度最新的决算报告进展。 7. 我们建议发展一些潜力较大的客户。 8. 我们认为下一步是多了解市场的情况。 9. 市场疲软但竞争仍然激烈。 10. 对售后服务部门要增加更优惠的措施和更多善于沟通的人员。( )