非谓语动词(快班)

1、非 谓 语 动 词Non-predicate Verbs一、非谓语动词四个疑问1、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？2 、非谓语动词有哪些？ 有哪些具体的不同形式？3、 不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示 的动作的先后关系是什么？4、 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？备注英语一个简单句只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多主谓结构，可以用以下方法： 加入并列连词，构成并列句（and / but / so） 放入从句，构成主从复合句 变为非谓语动词，构成动词短语加句子 1、什么叫非谓语动词？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 非谓语动词同谓语动词的区别 谓语动词只能做谓语

2、；有人称和数的变化；有时态、语态和语气的变化。非谓语动词不能做谓语，也没有人称和数的变化；仍具有动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化；如果是及物动词(vt.)后面可接宾语。2 、非谓语动词有哪些？ 有哪些具体的不同形式？-ing形式-ed形式to do不定式非谓语动词的时态和语态 (以动词make为例)时态 语态主动语态被动语态ing一般式makingbeing made完成式having madehaving been madeed一般式made to do一般式to make to be made完成式to have madeto have been made进行式to being made3

3、非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在非谓语表示的动作非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后to do/to be done 与谓语表示的动作同时发生to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ; 在谓语表示的动作之前done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done4、 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？ 动词-ing：主，谓, 宾，定, 状, 表，补动词-ed：

4、主，谓, 宾，定, 状, 表，补不定式： 主，谓, 宾，定, 状, 表，补二、几个重要区别1、不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？2、 不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？3、 不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义有何不同？4、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别是什么？5、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语取决于什么因素？6、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别是什么？7、动名词的复合结构是什么？1、不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语 时通常位于句

5、首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited here. （抽象） 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.（具体）Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式 上的一致。2、不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？ 1）. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语2）. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作

6、宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1）. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。2）. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up,

7、 lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in.3）.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。4）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？ go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing cant help to do / do

8、ing be used to do / doing ( get used to doing) (used to do)分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at

9、 the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.5、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。1). When _(heat) ,water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beauti

10、ful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. 一般式(doing)表示主动的 一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的 被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前 的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done) 表示发生在谓语

11、动作之前的被动的动作。分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _

12、 it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005广东) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果 6、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别表示心理状态的

13、动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到 ”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth. is interesting。delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓

14、舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的worrying 令人担心的worried 感到担心的非谓语动词巩固练习1. What do you enjoy_ your spare time?A kill B to kill C killing D killed2.The majority of the students enjoy _ when they make adv

15、ances in studies.A praising B to be praised C being praised D praised3.What the boy enjoys _ to have a room of his own. A. being B. to be C. is D. are4.In order not to be disturbed, he spent the whole night_ in his room.A locking B locked C to be locked D having locked 5. According to a recent US su

16、rvey, children spend up to 25 hours a week_ TV.A to watch B watching C to watching D watch6.-Why didnt you attend the party_in the hall the other day?A held B being held C to be held D holding7. Would you like to go to the party_ tomorrow?A held B being held C to be held D holding8._ from the top of

17、 the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.A Seen B seeing C to see D having seen9._from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.A Seen B seeing C to see D having seen10. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_A washed B wash C washing D to wash11. Our te

18、acher get us students _ our homework on time.A finish B to finish C finishing D finished12. With so much work_, he felt very excited.A to be finished B to finish C finishing D finished.13.With so much work_, Im afraid I can not go to your party.A to be finished B to finish C finishing D finished.14.

19、 All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city center for the fashion show.A to go B going C to have gone D having gone15.Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented16. In the dream Peter saw himself_ by a fierc

20、e wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A chased B to be chased C be chased D having been chased17. I saw my little son_the words_ on his small blackboard.A read; writing B reading; writing C to read; written D read; written18._ more time, we could do it much better.A Given B To give C Give D Givi

21、ng19. _ us more time, and we can do it much better.A Given B To give C Give D Giving20._ the general state of his health, we know it may take him a long time to recover from the operation. A Given B To give C Give D Giving21._ a written permission , he had to write another letter to the president of

22、 the university.A Not given B Not having been given C having not given D Having not been given22. _ to go out alone, the retired minister had to go for a walk with several policemen.A Warning not B Warned not C Not warning D Not warned23._in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to th

23、e airport is quite an unpleasant experience.A Being caught B Having caught C Caught D Having been caught24._in the traffic jam，Tina went to work late this morning A.Having caught B.Be caught C.Being caught D.Caught25. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships to

24、taling 50,000 yuan.A To be judged the best B Having judged the bestC Judging the best D Judged the best26. _ from media reports, the result has been unclear.A To judge B Having judged C Judging D Judged27._ with what we had to go through, his life is perfectly happy.A Compared B To compare C Compari

25、ng D Compare28._ with what we had to go through, he feels that his life is perfectly happy.A Compared B To compare C Comparing D Compare29. All things_, her paper is of greater value than yours.A consider B to consider C having considered D considered30._ the distance, he arrived very quickly.A Cons

26、idering B To consider C Having considered D Considered31. When he heard a noise in front of him, he looked forward to_ what was happening.A see B seeing C seen D having seen32. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has come B. to have come C. to having come D. ha

27、s come33.He stood up and looked forward _ what was happening over there.A find B to finding C to find D having found34. The men the guard allowed_ in must be the workers of the company.A come B came C coming D to come35.- Can I smoke here? -Sorry, we dont allow _here.A people B people smoke C to smo

28、ke D smoking.36. for making so many mistakes in the exam,she was in low spirit. A. Having blamed B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed37. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one_.A blamed B blamed C to blame D to be blamed38. The workers were working from 7:

29、00 a.m to 7:00 p.m. only_ once at noon to have their lunch.A to stop B stopping C to have stopped D having stopped39.I hurried to the airport, only_ that the plane had taken off.A to find B finding C to have found D having found40._AIDS had left a scar on Ajani and his sister, their grandfathers fac

30、e turned whiteA When he heard B Having heard C When hearing D On hearing41. _that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.A Hearing B To hear C Heard D Having heard42.All preparations for the task_, and we are ready to start.A completed B complete C having been completed D have be

31、en completed43. All preparations for the task_, we are ready to start.A completed B complete C having been completed D have been completed44. Seventy two hours passed. More than one hundred workers remained_ in the coal mine, though fifty had been saved.A trapped B trapping C to be trapped D being t

32、rapped45. He bought a book with the_ 50 dollars and the his money_.A remaining; ran out of B remaining; was used up C remained; ran out D remained; gave out46. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a foreign language.A them B which C it D what47.He wrote a lot of novels, none of _was t

33、ranslated into a foreign language.A them B which C it D what48. _true events, the film follows the life of Braddock, boxer in New York.A Being based on B Basing on C Based on D Having based on49. _an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon.A. Based   

34、;      B. Basing          C. Base          D. To base50. In order to improve English,_.A Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC a lot of tape

35、s were bought buy Jenny D a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father51.Translated into the English language,_.A the students have polished up their English B the merchants made a profit out of the books they sold.C the influence of the book on children is worth considering.D the works of the famous

36、 writer have sold well.52.John sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything happening to be on.A to watch B watching C watched D to have watched53. John sat in front of the television every evening, happily_ anything happening to be on.A to watch B watching C watched D to have watch

37、ed54.I lived in the house with its door_south.A facing B faces C faced D being faced55. _with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.A Facing B To face C Faced D Being faced56. The spokesman was seated in front of all the journalists at the

38、press conference,_ to answer all the questions.A prepared B preparing C to be prepared D having prepared57._ for the work, he went to sleep at ease.A. Well prepared      B. Preparing      C. Being prepared      D. Getting rea

39、dy58. The secretary worked late into the night _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing59.Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered60. He ran as fast as he could _ to c

40、atch the early bus.A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped61.He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practised62.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving63.She can't hel

41、p _ the house because she's busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned64.While shopping, people sometimes can't help _ into buying something they don't really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded65.She took her son, ran out of th

42、e house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor's office.A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put66. Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opene

43、d67.Who do you think you'd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go68. Who did the boss _ his car this time?A. get wash B. get to wash C. get washing D. getting to wash69._ the road round to the right and you'll find his house.A. Follow

44、 B. Following C. To follow D. Followed70._ the road round to the right, you'll find his house.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed71._ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed72. This book is worth_, that is to

45、 say, this book is worthy of_A to read; reading B reading; to read C reading; being read D to read; reading73. I have nothing_ these days. So I want to go to Shanghai for a visit. Do you have anything_ to your brother there.A to be done; to be taken B to do; to take C to do; to be taken D to be done; to take74. He got_ when he tried to save the child from the _houseA burnt; burnt B burnt; burning C burning; burning D burnt; burning75. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I don'