学习计划第四课

1、学生导学案第四课第一部分：初识定语从句定语从句即一个从句作定语，对名词进行修饰。被修饰的名词叫“先行词”，引导定语从句的叫“关系词”，由“关系代词”和“关系副词”构成。从句所作成分先行词类型主语宾语定语状语指人who/that(who/whom/that)whose/指物which/that(which/that)whose/地点which/that(which/that) / where（关系副词）时间which/that(which/that)/when（关系副词）原因which/that(which/that)/why（关系副词）注：此表适用于限制性定语从句e.g. a) Harry P

2、orter is a boy who has magic power.Harry Porter is a boy【主句】 who has magic power 【定语从句】a boy【先行词】who【关系代词】作从句主语b) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.I still remember the day【主句】when I first came to the school【定语从句】the day【先行词】when【关系副词】作从句状语（注：一般来说，关系词前即先行词）第二部分：学好定语从句必知1. 了解主语

3、、宾语、定语、谓语、状语1)“主语”一般由名词或代词充当。先行词若在从句中作主语，必须由相应关系词引导。2)“宾语” 也一般由名词或代词充当。先行词若在从句中作宾语，关系代词可省略。3)“定语”是对名词起修饰作用的成分，先行词若作从句定语用whose引导，意为“的”。e.g. I want to read the article whose title is attractive.My best friend is Jack whose father is a writer.4)“谓语”主要由动词充当，而动词要分清楚“及物动词”与“不及物动词”。【及物动词】必须要加宾语才使句子结构完整，如vi

4、sit, forget, remember, see）。【不及物动词】不需要加宾语，句子结构也是完整的，同时，如果加宾语，则必须在不及物动词后添加一个介词，如stay at, live in。5)“状语”一般由“介词+名词/数词”充当。它不是句子的必备成分，起限定或者修饰作用。e.g. in 1999, on the day, at 12:00【时间状语】 in Changsha, at the bus stop, on the desk【地点状语】for the reason【原因状语】2. 了解关系副词与“介词+which”的对应关系当先行词是为时间、地点、原因的名词时，同时从句中不缺少主

5、干成分，则用关系副词引导，作定语从句的状语。e.g. a) I like the hotel where I stayed last month. the hotel 表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。但是，在a)中，stay为不及物动词，接宾语须加at，即stay at the hotel，那么此时，先行词the hotel则是作 stay at 的宾语，则需要用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句，a)可变成：b) I like the hotel which I stayed at last month.关系副词=“介词+which”where=in/at/on

6、+ whichwhen=in/at/on+ whichwhy=for+ which由于介词可以提到关系代词的前面，b)又可转换成：c) I like the hotel at which I stayed last month.对比a) 和c)可发现，a) =c)a) I like the hotel where I stayed last month.c) I like the hotel at which I stayed last month.3. 积累介词的习惯搭配e.g. This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.【根据从句中动词的搭配，spe

7、ndon sth.花费做某事】e.g. Please explain to me these words about which Im not sure.【根据从句中形容词的搭配，be sure about sth.确认某事】e.g. I remember the day on which I joined the army. 【根据先行词的搭配，on the day 表具体一天】【常考动词的搭配】5pay for sth. 为某物付费 talk about sb./sth. 谈论某人或某物listen to sb./sth. 聆听某人或某物 speak to sb. 对某人说话stay at

8、 sp. 待在某地 live in sp. 住在某地4.分清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式先行词和关系词中间没有逗号；先行词和关系词中间有逗号；意义先行词与关系词关系紧密，去除定语从句则句子缺乏意义或不完整。先行词与关系词关系松散，只起修饰或补充说明的作用。that除状语和定语，其他地方都可用。不用that【考点】1)非限制性定语从句中不用that，即逗号后不能用that。2)非限制性定语从句中，which和as 都可以指代一整句话，区别是as可放句首或句中，并可表“正如”，常见搭配有as I/we/you expect/ see/think/ know，

9、也可变成被动形式 as it is expected/known to all；而which只能放在句中，表示“这”。3) the sameas “和一样”，suchas “如此” 为固定搭配，且as在从句中作成分。4) whose+ n.= the + n.+ of which/whome.g. I love to live in the room whose window faces south.= I love to live in the room, the window of which faces south.5) 数/代+ of+ which/whom，介词后指物用which，介

10、词后指人用whom。e.g. He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.【both of whom 表示“他们两个”，即“他的父母”。先行词指人，用whom。】In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 【some of which 表示“其中的一部分苹果”，介词后指物用which】。 Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about

11、country life. 【three of which 表示“十个中的三个故事”，介词后指物用which】 5. 了解特殊情况1）the way 作先行词，表“方式”，用 that/in which引导从句，并可省略。2）先行词指物时，只用that不用which的情况有：2.1）先行词为不定代词 anything，everything，something或none，all，little等时；2.2）先行词被any, little, every, all等修饰时；2.3）先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时；2.4）先行词被限定词如the only, the last, the very修饰时；2.

12、5）先行词同时有人和物时；2.6）主句以who或which开头，只用that。 第三部分：定语从句解题思路理解句意，分清主句部分和从句部分，这是找准先行词的前提；关注先行词，判断先行词类型，指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因，备选相应的关系词；关注从句部分的动词，判断动词为及物动词还是不及物动词，并确定其从句主干成分是否完整，句子主干成分完整，选择相应的关系副词；句子主干成分残缺，选择相应的关系代词；代入答案检查，看句意是否通顺合理。第四部分：定语从句六大考点1. 用“关系代词”or “关系副词”基础题1)Do you remember the lake_ you first met your g

13、irl friend?2)Kunming is a beautiful place_ we can see flowers all the year round.3)Please give me the reason_ you made such a great success.提高题 1)The third place_ we are going to visit is Hangzhou.2)She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.3)Dont tell me the reason_ is not true.2. 用 “as”o

14、r “which”基础题 1) Such books_ you tell me are interesting.2)He failed to the exam,_ is due to his laziness.3)_ we all know, the earth is round.提高题 1)The police were looking for him, _ he thought.2)He came back late,_ made his mother worried.3)They have decided to finish their work,_, I think is a wise

15、 choice.3. 用“which”or “that”基础题1)Is there anything_ I can do for you?2) This is the only thing_ I can do now.3)The writers and his novels_ you have just talked about are really well known.提高题1)This is the very factory_ we visited last year.2)What is the first foreign film_ you have seen?3)James lent

16、 me some money,_ was very generous of him.4. 介词的选择与转换基础题1)There are 50 people in our class, _ have been to Beijing.A. two thirds of which B. where C. two thirds of whom D. two thirds about whom2)They lived in the house, _ opens to the south.A. the door of which B. the door of whose C. where D. who3)

17、 I dont like the way_ he speak to me.A. in which B. at which C. by which D. in that提高题1) His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A. with whom B. without which C. with which D. which2) The film_ I fall asleep was very boring.A. at which B. during which C. for which D. in which5. 主谓一致基础题

18、1) The letters are from my sister,_ working in Beijing.A. which is B. who is C. which are D. who are2)Those_ to take part in the game write down your names.A. who want B. who wants C. who D. want提高题1)The text is one of the most interesting stories_ learnt in the past three days.A. that have B. that

19、have been C. which has D. which has been2) He is the only one in our class_ been praised by our English teacher today.A. that have B. who have C. which has D. who has3) There are three libraries in our school, _ built five years ago.A. all of them were B. none of them were C. all of which were D. no

20、ne of which were6. whose 的用法基础题1)Look at the building , _roof is white .A. which B. and C. the D. whose2)Once there was a wise king _name was Alfred .A. who B. of which C. whose D. of whose提高题1)Mr King , _ legs were badly hurt , _quickly taken to hospital .A. who, were B, whose, was C. which, was D.

21、 which, were2) John , _ dream is to become a singer , _very well. A. of which, is B. whose, sings C. of whose, singing D. which, singing第五部分：定语从句短文背诵The creator of the World Wide WebMost people have never heard of Tim Berners-Lee.He

22、60;is not nearly as rich or famous as Bill Gates, whose name has become a household word.Berners-lee, who works in a small office at the  MIT, is the creator of

23、 the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee was born in England in 1955. His parents, who helped design the worlds first available computer, gave him a great love of math 

24、and learning. In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at CERN, a physics laboratory in Geneva, where he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory&#

25、160;for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of things he couldnt remember. He devised a software program that allowed him to create a document