主谓一致详解

1、主谓一致详解【基础知识】主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：语法一致原贝y (grammatical con cord)意义一致原贝S (no tio nal con cord)就近原贝S (principle of proximity)(一) 语法一致原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：This table is a genuine

2、an tique.Both parties have their own adva ntages.Her job has somethi ng to do with computers.She wan ts to go home.They are divorc ing each other.Mary was watching herself in the mirror.The bird built a n est.Susa n comes home every week-e nd.(二) 意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致

3、关系就是意义一致。例如：Democratic gover nment gradually take the place of anall-powerful mon archy.A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.Mumps is a kind of in fectious disease.The United States is a developed country.It is the rema ins of a ruined palace.The archives was lost.This pair of trousers costs fift

4、y dollars.（三）就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。例如：Either my gra ndsons or their father is coming.No one except his daughters agree with him.Mary and her sisters are bak ing a cake.Neither Richard nor I am going.二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题有些集合名词，ommittee,co un cil,crew,crowd,family,ga ng,governme nt,group,mob,staff

5、,team, union等，在意义上是复数，但在语法形式上是单数，这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循“语法一致”或“意义一致”原则。例如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.A coun cil of elders gover ns the tribe.The present government is trying to control inflation.The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.（一）通常作复数的集体名词包括 police,people, cat

6、tle, militia, vermin等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。例如：The British police have only very limited powers.The militia were called out to guard the borderla nd.It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the onlyliv ing creatures in these desolate surro undin gs.（二）通常作不可数名词的集体名词通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括poultry,foliage ，m

7、achinery,equipme nt,fur niture,merchandise等，这类名词后的动词用单数形式。例如：Poultry is expensive at this time of year.That gree n foliage was restful.The mercha ndise has arrived un damaged.All the machinery in the factory is made in China.The suite of furni ture he bought was of con temporary style.The equipme nt

8、 of the photographic studio was expe nsive.(三) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，包括audienee, committee, crew, family, gover nmen t,jury等。例如：The audience was/were enthusiasticon the opening night of theplay.The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.The jury is/are about to announce the winners.The gov

9、er nment has/have discussed the matter for a long time.三、a committee, etc of +复数名词的主谓一致问题女口果主语是由 a committee of /a panel of /a (the) board of +复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.A panel of experts has con sidered the situatio n.The board of man agers is resp on s

10、ible for the firm.四、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s 结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困 难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题，如：arthritis,b

11、r on chitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。例如：Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.Measles usually occurs in childre n.Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，

12、谓语动词通常用作单数。例如：Darts is basically a easy game.Marbles is not confined to childre n.Skittles is not fashi on able no wadays.Draughts is n ot very difficult to learn.这类以谓语动但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时,词通常用作复数。例如：Three darts are thrown at each turn.All nine skittles were brought dow n by the good thr

13、ow.（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，theNetherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如：The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作 复数。例如：The West In dies ar

14、e com mon ly divided into two parts.The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategicimporta nee.The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall inthe world.（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mecha ni cs,

15、optics, acoustics, politicsstatistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。例如：Physics is a fun dame ntal subject in scie nee.The third world econo mics is promisi ng.Acoustics studies the scie nee of sound.Mathematics is an interesting subject.Athletics is a required course for stude nts

16、of all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。例如：Athletics have bee n greatly en couraged at this college.The acoustics of the new con cert hall are perfect.The econo mics of the project are still at issue.（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题A.以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses, pin cers,pliers,scissor

17、s, shorts,suspe nders,trousers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语 动词通常用复数。例如：Mary's glasses are new.Joh n's trousers are black.如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。例如：One pair of pin cers isn't eno ugh.Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.B.其他以-s结尾的名词英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如 archives ，arms,clothes

18、, conten ts, eaves, fireworks, goods, minu tes, morals, remai ns stairs, suburbs, tha nks,wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：The archives of the country are kept in the Department ofSecurity.The contents of the book are most amus ing.High wages often result in high prices.My tha nks are sin cere.五、如果句子的主语是并

19、列结构，其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则:（一）由and/both.and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题（二）由or/nor/either.or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题（三）主语 + as much as,etc的主谓一致问题（一）由and/both.and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题由and/both.and连接的并列结构作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。例如：Pan cakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast.The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.Good

20、and bad taste are inculcated by example.Fish and chips are gett ing very expe nsive.A truck and a car were in the ditch.Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishi ng in Can ada.当and连接的并列名词词组带有 each, every,或者manya等限定词 时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Each man and each woma n there is asked to help.Every flower a

21、nd every bush is to be cut dow n.Every cha nge of seas on, every cha nge of weather, i ndeed every hour of the day, produces some cha nge in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.Many a boy was disappo in ted after see ing the film.（二）由or/nor/either.or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题由 or,nor,either.or,neithe

22、r.nor,notonly.but also 连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。例如：Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money left.Neither sleet nor snow stops him from dri ving his newMercedes-Be nz.Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to be at theater.Neither the Kan sas co

23、ach nor the players were con fide nt ofvictory.Not only one, but all of us are hop ing to be there.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen.（三）主语 + as much as,etc的主谓一致问题当主语后面跟有由 as much as, rather than , more than, no lessthan等引导的从属结构，或跟有由 as well as, in additionto ,with, along

24、with, together with, except 等弓丨导的词组时，其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。例如：The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo was lost.The ocea n, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides goodfishi ng.John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyomingthissummer.Some of the

25、employees as much as the man ager were resp on siblefor the failure.My husband,more than anyone else in the family, is longing togo there aga in.Billy, together with his sisters,was woundedin the accident.No one except two girls was late for school.六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题 数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，如two years

26、, fivesec on ds,three kilos, 等，另一类是非确定数量，女口 all of., someof., none of.。如果用这类表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，会 产生主谓一致问题。（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整 体，动词用单数，如果被看做组成该数量的个体，动词用复数。例如：The treasurer con sidered that twenty dollars was not too muchto ask

27、."Two mon ths is too short a time," Gen eral man ager warn ed, "wemust hurry up."Three weeks is n eeded to complete the task.There were six silver dollars in each of the stocki ngs.Three pints is not eno ugh to get him drunk.A total of 50,000 new bicycles was registered in the ye

28、ar.如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of ”词组构成，其动词 形式取决于of词组中名词的类别。例如：Two-thirds of the people prese nt is aga inst the pla n.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.Over twenty perce nt of the city was destroyed in the war.Forty-five perce nt of the doctors were woma n.两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘

29、，谓语动词可用 单数，也可用复数。例如：Sixty minus seve ntee n leaves forty-three.Forty-two divided by six is seve n.Six and eight makes/make fourtee n.Six times eight is/are forty-eight.如果主语由"one in/one out of +复数名词”构成，在正式语体中， 动词用单数。例如：One in ten stude nts has passed the exam in ati on.One out of twelve bottles was left in tact.（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题如果主语由 "a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of+名词”或由“ a kind/sort/typeof, this kind/sort/typeof+ 名词”构成，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：A panel of us has decided to hire a boat and travel throughHolla nd by can al.A pile